Page 2-Tuesday, February 7, 1978-The Michigan Daily Soviet human rights examined Prof speaks on Polish dissent World Youth Festival Tours 1978 TRAVEL TO CUBA DURING THE WORLD FESTIVAL OF YOUTH AND STUDENTS! By R.J. SMITH As a vocal critic of the Polish gover- nment, Jan Gross has studied his sub- ject well. Born and raised in the shadow of a "despotic government," as he calls it, Gross was teaching at a university in Poland when police arrested and jailed him, and expelled him from his univer- sity. HE SAID he was made to walk the "path of health," a corridor of police- men who kick and beat the prisoner who is forced to stagger through. Finally, in 1969 he emigrated from Poland and began teaching in the sociology department of Yale Univer- sity. Last night, as part of the "Sym- posium on Human Rights in the U.S.S.R. and. Eastern Europe," he spoke at the Rackham Amphitheatre on "The St uggle Against Censorship in Poland.' ' Poland, Gross said, is unusual among Eastern European countries in the way its society treats dissidence. Although it may appear to Americans that there is no expression of opposition in Poland, Gross stressed that it does exist in for- ms not readily visible to outside obser- vers. "IN AMERICA, politics and freedom is synonymous with a pluralism: clubs, CANCELLED Richard Howard poetry reading at 4:00 and reception in Hopwood Room at 1:00. Cowhide Coats 30% off: Ram's Head Leather Works 539 E. Liberty 995-1866 lobby groups, protest organizations ... (in Poland) there is no pluralism, and only one list of candidates made up, listed for notification, not approval," Gross said., The opposition in Poland primarily consists'of protest letters, petitions and appeals addressed directly to the prop- er authoritjes concerning issues like torture, censorship and unfair legisla- tion, he said. Gross explained "they reveal a split reality, which otherwise would hide the- oppression." It is by these letters, he _said, that "lawlessness disguised in a police uniform and residing in the cosur- ts are revealed in their true nature." OTHER IMPORTANT forms of pro- test outside the political system are the small cultural groups which spring up, Gross said, "wherever a book, a song, a joke or a poem can reach." These groups result in' countless small literary publications, Gross said, and are made up of a broad cross- section of Polish culture. t "They break the monopoly of inter- pretation," Gross explained, "and this is a decisive blow which checks the gov- ernment." DURING A BRIEF history of Polish opposition, Gross related how the coun- try had matured in post-war period. As Russia and Eastern European coun- tries were shaking off the yoke of "Stalinization," breaking up a rigid system of secret police intertwined with the governments, small groups seized the opportunity and began speaking out. Poland today, Gross said, is a country with a government with nearly no prac- tical knowledge of its peoples attitudes. "Gierek and his cronies," as Gross terms the Polish government presently led by Party First Secretary Edward Gierek, are "living on borrowed time, using borrowed money." Gross said many opposing groups, in- cluding the Worker's Defense Commit- tee, the Student's Solidarity Movement and the Political Movement of Inde- Turchin views dissidents' plight t' Gross pendance are growing rapidly, and are being backed by tens of thousands of financial supporters. Changes are now being made in areas of power such as the Socialist Party and the Catholic church, Gross said. "Today," Gross said "the regime is slowly sinking into a social vacuum the days of free men in Poland are rap- idly increasing." While the delegation to the Youth Festival will be chosen by the U.S. Preparatory-Committee, you can see the 11th World Festival of Youth and Students as a tourist. You will be able to participate in many of the mass rallies and cultural events of the Festival and have a chance to meet the thousands of young people from all over the world who will gather in Havana this summer. In addition you will have a tour of Cuba seeing the sites and achieve- ments of the Cuban Revolution: There will be two Festival Youth Tours at the unbeatable price of $575.00. * The first tour will take part in the first four days of the Festival and the second tour will participate in the last four days. Festival Tour I Festival Tour ll July 23-Aug. 6 July 30-Aug. 13 By JOSHUA PECK and MICHAEL ARKUSH Exiled Soviet dissident Valentin Turchin kicked off the Soviet human rights symposium Sunday night with an inside view of the "democratic movement" in the USSR. Turchin, now a professor of theor- etical physics at New York Univer- sity, is himself no stranger to conflict with the Soviet authorities. HE HELPED organize the Moscow chapter of Amnesty International and came to the defense of well- known dissident physicist Andrei Sakharov. The Soviet police respond- ed by searching his apartment and interrogating him on 13 different occasions, Turchin said. Many books are inaccessible to the Soviet public on the grounds that they do not support the party line of dia- lectical materialism, Turchin said. Even books on philosophy, econom- ics and other topics of a non-political nature are often banned, he added. According to Turchin, the journal- istic profession is managed by the sameprigid standards. The physicist contrasted the American concept of the press as existing to inform the public about the world, with the, official Soviet position that "the main task of the press . is to educate= man in the spirit of Marxism- Leninism." Send your $150.00 deposit immediately * All prices from Montreal. Including visa handling U.S. passport required Air fare subject to change. TURCHIN is personally acquaint- ed with Sergei Kovalev, Andrei Tver- dokhlebov and Yuri Orlov, the three dissident scientists whose plight-was the main subject of his talk. Kovalev, said Turchin, was jailed for publishing a Journal of Public Events listing searches and interro- gations perpetrated by the police and KGB. For more information write: Anniversary Tours Youth Dept. 250 West 57th St. New York, New York 10019 (212) 245-7501 N c3iE~ 'There are thousands of people whose professional occupation is the viola- tion of human rights.' -Efrem Yankelevich Kovalev, a biologist of consider- able fame, was sentenced two years ago to seven years of imprisonment followed by five years "internal exile," most probablyrin Siberia. Protested Turchin, "This for publish- ing a journal which listed only facts." Turchin conceded there is some truth to American media reports of Soviet government crackdowns hurt- ing the dissident movement, but he expressed some optimism for its future. Religious .and ethnic groups have learned techniques from gener- al human rights activists and have been having some success, Turchin concluded. EFREM YANKELEVICH, Sak- harov's son-in-law and himselfa dissident in exile, spoke next and called for U.S. pressure on the Soviet government on behalf of human rights. Claiming the United States has decided "not to link the Strategic Arms Limitation (SALT) talks with the Soviet Union to human rights," Yankelevich said he believes the Western nations have significantly toned down their criticism of Soviet internal policies. "The West is worried about the spread of anti-western propaganda in the Soviet Union. The Soviet citizen can be talked into believing whatever the government wants it to believe," he explained. YANKELEVICH said he believes. that if permission would be granted to American citizens to visit Soviet prison camps the human rights situa- tion would greatly improve. 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