TiE MICHIGAN DAILY

Dispute plagues Israeli

restricts

liberties,
BUENOS AIRES, (Reuter) -
Argentine President Juan Peron
was granted yesterday the extra
powers he had demanded to com-
bat urban guerrillas. Congress
over - rode leftwing objections
that the new laws could be used
to stifle all forms of political op-
position.
After an all-night debate the
Chamber of Deputies approved a
series of reforms to the penal
code which had already been
passed by the Senate.
EIGHT LEFTWING Peronist
deputies opposed to the reforms
had earlier resigned from Con-
gress rather than obey party in-
structions to vote for them, and
were then expelled from the par-#
ty.
Last weekend's raid by Marx-
ist urban guerrillas on an army
garrison in the town of Azul, in
which at least five people were
killed, made passage of the re-
forms inevitable, observers said.
- But the dispute over the use to
which the new measures might
be put widened the split be-
tween left and rightwing sectors
of the broadly-based Peronist
movement.
OPPONENTS of the reforms
say they are even harsher than
measures imposed by the series
of military regimes which ruled
with dictatorial powers until
May 25 last year, when Peronist
President Hector Campora took
office.
Opponents voint out that these
impose a stiffer sentence (three
to 10 years, imprisonment) for
what is loosely described as "il-
licit association" than for mur-
der.
"Incitement to crime" is pun-
ishable by from two to six years'
imprisonment, and "rebellion
against the constitution and pub-
lic authority" by a minimum of
three years.,
THERE ARE also increased
penalties for specific offenses
such as possession of arms (now
punishable by from three to
eight years imprisonment), falsi-
fication of documents (also three
to eight), extortion (five to 10)
and illegal deprivation of liberty
-kidnapping - (five to 15).
Police have already taken ac-
tion against leftwing publications
and used force to curb street
demonstrations.
Offices of the Peronist youth
m a g az i n e ElDescamisado
("The Shirtless One") were raid-
ed on Wednesday. Twelve peo-
ple were arrested in the building.
LAST NIGHT about 70 people
were detained as small groups
of demonstrators gathered in
pouring rain near the congress
building to protest against the
new penal code.
The radio station Colonia,
across the River Plate in Urugu-
ay, which regularly beams Ar-
gentine news back into Argen-
tina, was apparently jammed
yesterday by an unidentified
transmitter somewhere inside Ar-
gentina.
THE MICHIGAN DAILY
Volume LXXXIV, Number 97
Saturday, January 26, 1974
is edited and managed by students at
the University of Michigan. News phone

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JERUSALEM (P) - Israel's
Law of Return, granting every
Jewish immigrant automatic citi-
zenship in the Jewish state, is
hindering Premier Golda Meir's
efforts to form a new coalition
government. National elections
were held New Years Eve, but
Mrs. Meir and her Labor party
still have not managed to select
a cabinet to deal with the Mid-
die East crisis.
The National Religious Party
(NRP) an indispensable partner
in any coalition, sayseitswon't
join the government unless the
Law of Return is strengthened.
THE INDEPENDENT Liberals
(ILP) Mrs. Meir's other vital
coalition colleague, insist that
the law remain unaltered. The
law is one of the fundamental
principles of the Jewish home-
land, and changes could make
it difficult for some Jewish con-
verts from the United States and

other countries to settle in Israel.
Preoccupied with the after-
math of the Middle East war
and peace efforts with the Arabs,
the nation has tended to overlook
the quarrel about religion, immi-
gration and citizenship.
The Law of Return provides
free and automatic Israel na-
tionality to any immigrant "who
is a Jew, or a convert to Ju-
daism according to tradition."
But even government publica-
tions ask "who, then is a Jew?"
and reply "there is no legal defi-
nition."
THE RELIGIOUS Party, and
the rabbis and Orthodox Israelis
who support it, want to change
the law by eliminating the
word tradition and substituting
the word "Halacha." Halacha is
the strict code of customs and
religious law dating to writings
of the 5th and 6th centuries.
Amending the law would mean
giving citizenship only to those

born as Jews, or those converted
by Halach. Thus citizenship could
be denied to the many Jews con-
verted - by Reform or Conserva-
tive rabbis, whose rules are non-
Halacha and more liberal.
Many American Jews are
either Conservative, Reform or
non-Orthodox, and a high per-
centage of Jews in other coun-
tries are the same. Converts in
these communities are not con-
sidered Halachic Jews by Is-
rael's religious establishment.
THE NONRECOGNITION could
go further. If the law were tight-
ened, children of a marriage be-
tween a Jew and an unrecogniz-
ed convert would be considered
outside the pale by -Israeli rab-
bis, and would be unable to mar-
ry unless they left the country
for a civil ceremony. Civil mar-
riage does not exist in Israel.
Israel's Orthodox and anti-Re-
form religious establishment is
a powerful political force and its

Page Three
Soalition
influence is felt in everyday life.
Public transport halts *for 24
hours at sundown Friday for
the Jewish Sabbath and places
of entertainment are closed.
Many restaurants can serve only
kosher food. The rabbis have
prevented the government intro-
ducing Daylight Saving Time. It
would interfere with morning
prayers, they argue.
REFORM JEWS such as Dr.
Ezra Spicehandler of Jerusalem
think the move to change the law
is aimed at increasing Orthodox
influence and preventing liberal
inroads.
"We feel this is part of a
creeping movement t o w a r d
theocracy, which the Orthodox
would like to impose upon a state
that doesn't want it," said the
doctor.
But Orthodox Jews such as
Rabbi Louis Bernstein, head of
the Rabbinical Council of Amer-
ica, say they are concerned that
two separate communities could
develop, Orthodox and those de-
tached from Halacha.
GIDEON HAUSNER of the ILP,
which opposes amending the law,
says "who are we to rule out
conversions by rabbis freely
elected by their own communi-
ties abroad?"
"The Liberal'party," Hausner
added, "would be unable to put
up with" a change in the law.
But Yehuda Ben-Meir, a re-
ligious member of parliament,
says his party's demand for the
change is an ultimatium - with-
out the amendment, the party
will refuse to help form a new
government.

England stays on 3-day week
as new coal strike t hreatened

AP Photo
Back to school
It's Prof. Archibald Cox again as the former Watergate Special Prosecutor returns to Harvard yester-
day to resume his teaching duties for the first time since he was fired by Nixon last year.

LONDON {P) - The govern-
ment canceled plans yesterday
for ending Britain's three - day
work week and said more elec-
tricity cuts may be needed be-
cause of a threatened coal min-
ers' strike.
The message to hundreds of
thousands of Britons was clear
- little hope of quickly seeing
their shrunken paychecks return-
ing to normal and the possibility
of colder and more dimly lighted
homes and offices.
ENERGY MINISTER Patrick
Jenkin told the House of Com-
mons the Conservative govern-
ment of Prime Minister Edward
Heath refuses to bow to "the
brute force" of the miners' un-
ion.
Jenkin said Thursday's deci-
sion by executives of the miners'
union to recommend approval of
a strike in a miners' vote added
a "new dimension" to Britain's

start balloting late next week.
Union leaders were confident
that the strike appeal will be ap-
proved by far more than the 55
per cent union membership that
is required.
THE PRESIDENT of the union
for the Yorkshire coal mining
district, Arthur Scargill, told a

news conference: "We want an
overwhelming majority in favor
of the action and we shall do ev-
ervthing in our power to get it."
The government announcement
Friday revived speculation that
the government would call for
new elections and run on a plat-
form of whether the unions or
the government run Britain.

- --- ------------ -----


THE PLACE I WORK

U.S. WEAPONS USED:

Cambodian insurgents

ba rragi
PHNOM PENH, Cambodia (A)M
- Insurgents reported to be us-
ing captured American-made ar-
tillery shelled Phnom Penh yes-
terday for the second day in a
row and blasted the capital's air-
port. The two-day shelling killed
at least 47 persons and wounded
130, the police said.
The insurgents sent 33 more
shells whistling into the mostly
residential sections yesterday,
accounting for three of the dead
and 13 of the wounded. The po-
lice said they expected the two-
day toll to rise as they continued
to search for bodies.
TEN SHELLS HIT the runway
area yesterday of Phnom Penh's
big Pochentong airport, 3 miles
west of the city. In the capital,
some residents in the southern
parts of the city constructed
crude bunkers and fled to the
shelters when the bombardments
resumed.
The government ordered that
a 7 p.m. curfew begin last night,
forcing people off the streets two

Phnom Penk

hours earlier than during the
durfew in the past year.
Government intelligence sourc-
es said the rebels apparently are
using some of the 30 American-
made 105mm howitzers that gov-
ernment forces lost in the last
3 years of the Cambodian war.
Cambodian officers on the
southern front said the rebels
may have as many as four of the
captured howitzers firing from
hidden positions to the south of
the city.
The shells fell as an average
of three every minute, but some-
times came crashing down at
four - second intervals, indicating
a battery of the guns was at
work.
The guns can hurl 25-pound
high - explosive shells accurate-
ly for six miles.
Cambodian intelligence sources
said the captured howitzers are
believed to be closer than six
miles to the city.
The howitzers give the Khmr
Rouge insurgents a twin long-
range bombardment threat. The

rebels also shell the city with
122mm Soviet-made rockets.
The city has been under rebel
rocket attack almost daily since
Dec. 23, with the 100-pound So-
viet-made missiles claiming at
least 45 lives. The Cambodian
army commander's quarters are
among the targets hit by the roc-
kets.
Western observers said they
believed Thursday's artillery bar-
rage was aimed at President Lon
Nol's palace. Most of the shells
hit a crowded housing area about
400 yards west of the palace.
Field reports estimate that a
6,000-man government force
faces an estimated. 3,500 insur-
gents along Phnom Penh's 14-
mile southern defense perimeter.
Until yesterday, fighting there
appeared to continue at a stale-
mate, American sources said.

crisis.
The miners want:
the government's
ary limit of 7

raises beyond
anti-inflation-
per cent in-

creases.
JENKIN SAID the relatively
mild winter had brought coal
savings which permitted the gov-
ernment to envisage a four-day
work week or perhaps even a
five-day week.
Those hopes, he said, were
dashed by the threatened coal
strike. Jenkin did not elabor-
ate on the possible need for addi-
tional power cuts. Reduction of
electricity, which was ordered
to save fuel, led to reduction of
the work week.
The miners are expected to

"You get up late in this organization, sometimes
as late as 11 a.m. You have been out late the night
before. Mornings are set aside for paper work and
planning the rest of the day. There is a great deal
of record-keeping to be done on this job. At any
rate, I generally leave for my two areas of respon-
sibility (two counties) between three and four in
the afternoon. The drive takes anywhere from two
to three hours. The work here is the most impor-
tant I do; it is in many ways the toughest (at least
for me). Basically, it's a matter of personal contact.
"Today I traveled to a shack that serves as a
home to four genertions of the saine family. The
'house' lacks heat, running water,;or even an out-
house. To the score of people who live there, life is
an endless series of crises. Today's crisis is the fact
that their meager welfare allocation is about to be
cut off. we later find that the move is as blatantly
illegal as it is immoral. The people, with help from
their neighbors, are able to stop it. But tomorrow
will only bring another disappointment.
"This work means fourteen hour working days,
little pay, meals on the road. It is frustrating and
often lonely. Sometimes I find myself losing sight
of why I came: to be a part of a historic movement
-a fateful, inevitable movement-that promises to
free people from the bonds that have shackled them

for centuries. To work here your dedication is de-
rived from a faith in that movement, in these peo-
pie, in this land. This faith is nurtured daily. You
find it strengthened by watching the faces of the
poor, with their anguished and yet defiant stories
of generations of oppression. You find your faith in
the land suddenly confirmed by the awesome beauty
of a rurailunset or the fury of a summer thunder
shower. You find your dedication deepening as you
listen to the intensity of the hymns they sing at
meetings. And you find yourself marvelling at the
kind of strength that has stood the test of time-
that has enabled them somehow to persevere. It
is a faith that all of us could benefit from."
In 21 ^ural counties in Virginia and North Caro-
lina, a unique type of community organization
among the poor is taking place. It has led to the
empowerment of persons who before had been pow-
erless. It is a form of organizing which puts the
destiny of people in their own hands. We provide
room, board, travel and a small weekly allowance.
If you are interested, and for more information,
contact:
Mr. Jim Riley
Virginia Community Development Organization
P.O. Box 1834
Petersburg,' Virginia 23803

DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
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sity of Michigan. Notices should be
sent in TYPEWRITTEN FORM to
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Student organization notices are
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more information, phone 764-9270.
Saturday, January 26
Day Calendar
Gymnastics: meet, Crisler, 1:30 pm.1
PTP: "Grease", Power, 3, 8 pm.
Wrestling: Mich. vs. Ill., Crisler, 4 pm.
Swimming: Mich. vs. N'thwestern, M
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Hockey: Mich. vs. Minn., Yost, 7:30
pm.
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JIan. 29: Cargill Inc. & Upjohn Co.;
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& Savin Bus. Machines, Inc.; Jan. 31:
Case western Reserve/Law, Fed. High-
way Admin & U. S. Dept. of Transpor-
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N. Y. & N. J.; Feb. 4: Abraham &
Straus; Feb. 5: Abraham & Straus,
Ford Motor Co., Burroughs Corp.,
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Feb. 6: Inland Steel, American Nat.
Gas Co., Philco Ford Corp, Yoder Bros.,
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According, to this publisher,
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I

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