Wolverines
crush
Hawkeyes,
55-0'
See story,
page 11
THE SUNDAY
DAILY
See Editorial Page
YI rL
Si tr q au
IxitM
SLUSHY
High--33
Low-22
1-3 inches of snow by noon,
windy
Vol. LXXXI, No. 64 Ann Arbor, Michigan - Sunday, November 15. 1970 Ten Cents
Twelve Pages
Army
By SEYMOCUR M. HERSH
Dispatch News Service
FORT BENNING, Ga. - T h e
Army calls it Correctional Custody,
its phrase for the small, barren en-
closure _that serves as a detention
center for GIs in the 197th Infantry
Brigade here who step out of line.
The troops have their own name for
the area: Concentration Camp.
It consists of three drab barracks
surrounded by guards, two or three
acres of carefully raked brown soil,
and a high barbed-wire fence. it's
located a few dozen yards off a main
road at Fort Benning, and has held
between five and 40 inmates at any
given time, since it was opened in
March 1970.
The camp is the centerpiece of a
new and extremely harsh form of
disc ipline:
Correctional
custody
dicipline that's getting a try in the
mostly of GIs who, having completed
197th, a boisterous unit composed
their obligatory one-year tour of
duty in South Vietnam, find it dif-
ficult to conform to barracks life.
A dozen interviews with personnel
from the 197th established beyond
doubt that the typical work day at
the correctional facility begins at
4:30 a.m. and often ends at 11 p.m.
or midnight even in the worst wea-
ther. GIs are worked seven days a
week at hard labor, and they are
allowed only four cigarettes a day;
and that privilege is one of the first
to be taken away as a disciplinary
measure.
GIs have told of repeated beatings
by the guards, all specially h a n d-
picked by the headquarters staff of
the 197th. Mail is restricted, no tele-
phone calls are permitted except in
extreme emergencies, visitors are not
permitted, and often inmates are -
as a punishment - forbidden to
speak to anyone else in the camp.
None of the senior officers of the
197th denied in interviews that con-
ditions are rough at the camp, but
they insist the work and require-
ments there are completely within
army regulations. The GIs are all
sentenced there for infraction of
Army rules - such as being absent
without leave (AWOL) or talking
back to a superior - under a mili-
tary punishment known as field-
grade Article 15.
In most other Army units, punish-
ment for an article 15 consists of
being restricted to barracks or extra
duty. The punishment is usually given
out by a company commander (a
Captain or Lieutenant) and lasts up
to 7 days. For more serious infrac-
tions which still do not require a
court-martial, a field-grade Article 15
may be given in which a higher rank-
ing officer (Major or above) can pre-
scribe up to 30 days of penalty. Some
units, as a deterrent, will place all
of the GIs serving Article 15 pun-
ishments in a separate barracks, al-
though that is rarely done.
Pvt. Patrick Healy, 20, completed
a 30-day sentence at the camp in
early October for disobeying an or-
der. "They claim it's not a prison, but
it's really bad. We work all day," he
said.
There's a lot of people that don't
know what's doing on in there,"
Healy said. "We get up at 4:30 and
start working - raking and digging a
lot of ditches. One night I worked
until 2 in the morning. The regular
duty lasts until 9:30, but then most
guys get two hours extra duty. Then
you got to shine your shoes and clean
up." He complained that there were
no breaks during the day and said the
guards "were not like ordinary NCOs.
They were obsessed by orders acid
power - worse than any drill in-
structors in basic."
Another GI who - like most inter-
viewed - did not want his name used
- said: "It's really horrible in there.
You really work from 4:30 in the
morning until 11 every night, or 12 if
you get extra duty. I've seen people
work until 2 in the morning, which
means 21/2 hours sleep. And the work
is hard. The shower facilities are
just cold showers out in the open
- you fill up a jerry can with water,
lift it over your head and take your
showers. The latrines are portable
and they change them every
week . . ."
Some of the GI complaints in mid-
summer led officials of the 197th to
improve the sanitary conditions at
the camp, although they are still
crude. "Nobody really wants to say
much about it," one GI explained af-
ter spending 30 days in the camp.
"You say something and the people
just look at you like you were crazy
or say they don't exist. But I wasn't
sleeping, I didn't dream it up."
All of the GIs are presented with
a 10-page mimeographed list of harsh
rules and regulations when they enter
rr
19r Gis
the camp. The GIs are told, for
example, that they cannot be witt-
ing 10 feet of the barbed-wire fence
surrounding the facility.
Other regulations include:
-"Action and movement of cor-
rectees are controlled continuously
by a non-commissioned officer."
-"Correctees will work seven days
a week."
-"Correctees will not talk with
anyone other than (official) escorts.
Idle talk is prohibited."
A final section notes that mutiny
is punishable by death and warns:
"Military authorities are authorized
to use the most extreme measures to
suppress the riots of mutiny, when
necessary. Do not be a fall guy and
take part in any riot or mutiny."
See GEORGIA, Page 2
J.E. Hoover .
cleaner' to
face trial
By ANITA CRONE
David Gasowski, an August '70 graduate
of the School of Architecture and Design
faces sentencing Nov. 19 in Grand Rapids
on a charge of desecrating the American
flag.
The charge stems from an exhibit "J.
Edgar Hoover All American Crime Cleaner"
that Gasowski entered in the 4th Michigan
Biennial Arts and Craftsman show held in
Grand Rapids. The exhibit consisted of a
vacuum cleaner with a bag made out of
material which appeared to be an Ameri-
can flag. The engine covering of the clean-
er was molded to form the head of a pink
pig.
An anonymous patron of the show report-
ed the exhibit to the Grand Rapids police,
who sent uniformed officers to confiscate
the work after it was observed by a plain-
clothes detective.
Gasowski was arrested Oct. 25 in Ann Ar-
bor, transferred to Grand Rapids the same
night and stood trial the next morning.
The artist was prosecuted under a Mich-
igan law which reads, "Any person who
shall publicly mutilate, deface, defile, defy,
trample upon or by word or act cast con-
tempt upon any such flag, standard, color,
ensign, coat-of-arms or shield is guilty of a
misdemeanor.
Gasowski was convicted of the misde-
meanor after pleading guilty to the charge.
However, he hopes to have his plea changed
to not guilty at the sentencing.
According to Paul Williams, defense at-
torney for Gasowski, the change in plea at-
tempt will be based on the difference be-
tween legal and moral guilt. While Gasow-
ski may have treated the flag unconven-
tionally as judged by traditional American
standards, his lawyer claims he was not
guilty of the crime because he did not
intentionally deface, defile, trample .upon
or cast contempt upon the flag.
"The main thing," Gasowski said about
his exhibit, "is that the piece was an aes-
thetic approach using pure color and design
-by rearranging the flag I more or less use
it as that - not as the American flag it-
self but as red, white ,and blue, which best
signify the U.S.
The U.S. Supreme Court now has before
it two New York appeals cases and is ex-
pected to decide soon whether state laws
prohibiting flag desecreation violate the
First Amendment's free speech guarantee.
In a recent Pennsylvania case, a defend-
ant charged with desecrating the flag was
found not guilty after the defense noted the
recent use of the American flag in the
movie "Myra Breckenridge."
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Burger eyes
end to jury in
U.S. civil suits
PHILADELPHIA (P)-Chief Justice War-
ren E. Burger 1 a s t night suggested the
elimination of jury trials in most civil cases
as one way of streamlining the nation's
court system.
He said the change would save time and
millions of dollars, would free lawyers for
other uses, and might prevent chaos caused
by a fast-growing population.
Burger called the idea an "agenda item"
without proposing it directly. He carefully
emphasized that he believes jury trials
should be retained in criminal cases.
The chief justice said judges and lawyers
must consider with-an open mind possible
innovations in a stytem that has not changed
anything basic since the Constitution was
drafted in 1787.
He said the seventh amendment guarantee
of a jury trial in all federal civil cases in-
volving $20 or more is a dubious provision.
By contrast, Burger called wise the constitu-
tional provision specifying that admiralty
disputes between states be settled by federal
judges without juries.
The chief justice spoke in the city where
the Constitution and the first 10 amend-
ments were drafted 183 years ago. He sug-
gested the jury trial provision was given
little consideration in the heat and dust of
that summer, and hailed the congressional
decision to raise the $20 minimum to $10,000.
Honored at the dinner was John C. Bell
Jr., 78, who has served as chief justice of
the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, governor
of the state and president of the state
senate. In 1966 and 1968, Bell sharply cri-
ticized decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court
that protected the rights of defendants.
The jury-trial guarantee is one of the
few Bill of Rights provisions that is binding
only on federal courts. In recent years the
Supreme Court has imposed the sixth
amendment right to a jury trial in crim-
inal cases, and most other Bill of Rights
guarantees, on the states.
Burger spoke specifically of the federal
court system, but said, "if these points of
inquiry are appropriate for state courts as
well, so be it."
See BURGER, Page 8
I
-Associated Press
Save the air--Ride a bike!
Cyclists mass in Copenhagen yesterday to protest air pollution and the risks bicycle
riders take pedaling in traffic. The cyclists, intent on dramatizing the need to save
the air and their lives, blocked traffic in the King's Market area where 25 buses were
subsequently stopped.
Senate passage doubtful
for Nixon welfare program
-Daily-Randy Edmonds
He's off and running
Halfback Billy Taylor (42) picks his way through the hapless Iowa defense on his
way to the goal line. Taylor scored two touchdowns in the Wolverines' 55-0 trouncing
of the Hawkeyes and picked up 189 yards for the day. Michigan will face Ohio State
next week with a perfect 9-0 record. See story, Page 11.
450 PUBLICATIONS
Author says five million
buy undergrouqnd papers"
WASHINGTON (A) - Prospects for Pres-
ident Nixon's top priority domestic recom-
mendation to Congress - his welfare reform
plan - now appear only fair in the lame-
duck session opening tomorrow.
Backers of the Family Assistance Plan
have b e e n reasonably confident through
most of the 1970 session that the proposal
eventually would be enacted despite lengthy
delays encountered in the Senate Finance
Committee.
The supporters have generally gone along
with predictions of administration officials
which say they will have 60 votes on the
Senate floor, an ample margin.
But, confronted with a bob-tailed session
coming right after an emotional election
campaign in which the President himself
led\the fight against Democrats, supporters
of the legislation now are not so sure it can
get through the Senate.
They note that all along it has been as-
sumed 35 to 40 of the needed votes would
come from Democrats.
Foes of the welfare plan, led by Sen. John
J. Williams (R-Del.), now profess to see a
good chance of blocking it.
Most of the opposition centers on the pro-
vision to provide $1,600 a year for an urban
family of four.
"I just do not see how it makes any sense
to try to write on the Senate floor a new
welfare program that carries as many com-
plications as this one does, the Delaware
Republican told a reporter.
r"We will have only about four full weeks.
in thic ,',,nl geOflf nnAnnrl w ha ,,amnn
ters as extension of the excise taxes on au-
tos and telephone service which expire Dec.
31.
These will produce more than $1 billion
in the next year for a budget already far
more out of balance than Nixon has con-
ceded, the Senator said, and yet neither the
House nor Senate has acted on the exten-
sion.
The initial battleground for the welfare
legislation in the lame-duck session still will
be the Finance Committee even though that
panel voted tentatively in October to reject
it.
See PASSAGE, Page 8
INDIANAPOLIS (/P) - A researcher says
the nation's underground press, written "by
the alienated for the alienated," has achiev-
ed a circulation approaching five million.
Robert J. Glessing, professor of journal-
ism at Canada College, Redwood C i t y ,
Calif., reports in a book, "The U n d e r-
ground Press in America," that there are
more than 450 such publications. He says
underground circles estimate the readership
at up to 30 million.
Glessing attributes the proliferation of
such newspapers to a youth revolt against
15
vie
for seven SGC seats
war, racial injustice, politics and a loss of
individuality, coupled with advances in
printing technology which make the publica-
tions cheap to produce.
Who reads them?
The author quotes one underground press
worker in California as saying his readers
are "fresh-smelling hippies and dewy-eyed
runaways, pot smokers and pill poppers,
university students and regents, Socialists,
Communists, anarchists and Yippies, Hell's
Angels, police chiefs, city councilmen, the
Pentagon and the Bank of America."
Glessing points out that some of the pap-
ers are not so underground any longer.
The profit-making Village Voice in New
York City, for example, has a certified cir-
culation of 130,000.
"Many of the underground papers of the
past decade died suddenly after one or two
issues, while others like the V i11 a g e Voice,
the Los Angeles Free Press and the East
Village Other seem to flourish as the youth
movement continues," contends the writer.
"The new journalism in America was not
started directly or indirectly by the Village
Voice, by the Students for a Democratic
Society or by a new breed of children raised
by permissive parents.
"The underground press in America is one
of the results of the prevailing conditions in
America."
Establishment newspapers cover such
By ROSE SUE BERSTEIN
This week's Student Government Council elections will
determine whether council maintains its status as a suppor-
tive organization, moves to a new activist position or veers
back to the more conservative group it once was.
In a brief, uncolorful campaign of one week, 'the issues
which have interested the candidates most are: corporate re-
cruiting, military r'esearch, ROTC, sexism, minority admissions,
student living problems such as low-cost housing and Univer-
sity regulation of non-academic offenses.J
The 15 candidates for seven vacant council seats include
incumbent Al Ackerman, '72L, Henry Clay, '72, Andre Hunt, '74,
and current administrative vice-president Paul Teich. All the
incumbents seeking reelection are appointed rather than
elected members of SGC.
Ideological stances of the candidates vary with the issues.
All of those interviewed were united in their distaste for pres-
ent SGC policies and procedures. But the agreement ends there.
The Teich, Heyn, Lenzer and Spears coalition believes SGC
should innitiate and sustain change in the University and the
community. They foresee a working alliance of students and
workers within the community. Their priorities for action in-
clude implementing the Black Action Movement (BAM) de-
mands agreed upon last spring by the Regents, opening the
University to "all oppressed sectors of American society,' and
restructuring to eliminate institutional racism, sexism, and
elitism.
Separately, the coalition members have varying reasons
for running. Heyn thinks it is "illegitimate to turn SGC's at-
tention only to radical causes." She favors spreading the
Unversity's resources throughout all sectors of the community.