Page 2-Wednescay, December 6, 1978-The Michigan Daily Spaniar MADRID, Spain (AP) - After cen- turies of law by decree and dictator- ship, Spaniards vote today on their own constitution in a plebiscite that has in- flamed political passions. Three police officers were shot dead in a bar on the eve of the vote, apparently by Basque separatists who oppose the constitution. Despite terrorist killings, opposition from extreme left and right and from, ds vote on constitution Oarket study set The role of the courts in maintaining a European "Common Market" marked by free trade and political unity will be the subject of a study by European and American lawyers and jurists, the University announced. Supported by a grant from the Ford Foundation, the study is directed by Prof. Eric Stein and Dean Terrance Sandalow of the University Law School. The project will culminate in a con- ference next July 16-21 in Bellagio, Italy, where research papers by 11 scholars will be discussed by some 20 conference participants. The Rockefeller Foundation has made its Bellagio Study and Conference Center available for the event. The papers will be published after the session. Associate Justice Potter Stewart of the U.S. Supreme Court and three members of the European Court of Justice will be among those par- ticipating in the discussion. homosexuals, feminists, ecologists and elements of the Catholic Church, government officials predict the nation's 24 million voters will approve the new document. It makes permanent democratic reforms initiated since the end of the late Gen. Francisco Franco's dictatorship three years ago. THE OFF-DUTY policeman - a chief, an inspector and a patrolman - were killed by three gunmen as they sipped pre-lunch , drinks in San Sebastian in northern Spain's Basque region. Police blamed the ETA, the terrorist arm of the Basque nationalist movement. The Basque separatists, who are urging -a boycott of the referendum, have mounted the heaviest opposition to the constitution, including a stepped- up terror campaign in recent months to deter voters. The ETA - Basque-language acronym for "Basque Land and Liber- ty" - has tripled its assassination ef- fort this year, killing 52 persons, most of them soldiers or policemen. The pro- Marxist ETA demands independence and removal of "occupation forces," meaning national police and the army. THE BASQUE National Party, ban- ned by Franco but now represented in Parliament, says the constitution's home-rule articles ignore Basque rights honored for centuries by kings. More than 10,000 police will guard public buildings and polling places today in the Basque region. The new constitution, Spain's eighth since the first one in 1812, is the first to be put up for public ratification. The others were mandated by kings, non- elected parliaments or dictators. FRANCO'S ' constitution, which technically has remained the law of the land, is not enforced and will expire automatically if the new one is ap- proved. Late polls indicate 75 per cent of the electorate will vote for the con- stitution. This fall, the first freely elected Parliament since the 1930s civil war overwhelmingly approved the con- stitution to be voted on today. King Juan Carlos called the document "an expression of the new national accord and fruit of general consensus," but not everybody agrees. Women's liberation leaders say it guarantees equal rights and legalizes divorce, but avoids the issue of abortion and was framed by "macho" men in the Cortes, Spain's Parliament. "IT IS WORSE than our gran- dmothers had in 1931," says the plat- form of organized feminists. Ecologists claim it is too vague about the state's responsibility to protect the environment and permits "dangerous" development of nuclear power stations. Homosexuals claim it leaves them out- side the law. Rightists say the constitution is a sell- out to the socialists and communists and would destroy national unity by allowing regional autonomy. TENS OF thousands of rightists wearing "Vote No" buttons turned out in Madrid at a Nov. 20 rally marking the third anniversary of Franco's death. Leaders denounced the new con- stitution as anti-Spanish, anti-Catholic, Marxist-atheist, likely to encourage terrorists by abolishing the death penalty and certain to fill newsstands with pornography by giving freedom to the press. The right wing's stand is supported by two national newspapers. A handful of military officers hatched an abortive plot in Madrid to overthrow the gover- nment three weeks ago. But the constitution has the backing of Premier Adolfo Suarez' ruling Cen- ter Party, the Socialist opposition, the Communists and the rightist Alliance Popular, the four major parties. Although the constitution separates church and state, allows divorce and civil marriage, Spain's powerful Con- ference of Catholic Bishops says Spaniards should vote according to * their conscience. The only real church criticism is from the conservative primate of Spain, Cardinal Marcelo Gonzalez Martin, the archibishop of Toledo. The constitution keeps the king as chief of state and head of the armed forces but takes away his power to ap- point premiers. Gator Bowl fever? o'* Nine-year-old Andy Ownes, right, leaps but just misses a rifled touchdown pass, while Mike Koehler, left, defends. The chilly Dayton, Ohio weather didn't stop the youngsters from enjoying one of the last snow-free friendly football games. Prof. says Israel s right to exist key By JOE VARGO The existence of the stage of Israel, not the Palestinian refugee issue, is the main stumbling block to a permanent Middle East peace agreement, accor- ding to Yitschak Ben Gad, a visting Israeli professor. r Ben Gad, professor of history at the University of Tel-Aviv, expressed that opinion last night to a small audience of 10 peirons in an Undergraduate Library conference room. "the main issue in the Middle East is Israel's right to exist," he said. "Every Arab state has the right to not only exist, but to flourish and prosper. The leaders of the Arab countries want to deny Israel that right, even though it has been accepted by the United Nations." BEN GAD SAID Israel feels no hostility towards Palestinians living on the West Bank and Gaza Strip. "Jewish people have mercy," he said. "We don't want to see anyone suf- fer. We have even gone so far as to offer an autonomous state to these people. This state would be 90 per cent in- dependent. The only matters it would not decide would be those concerning the military.'l Israel, he said, would decide such matters. "WE WANT TO help the Palestinians," Ben Gad said, "but we don't want their state to be detrimental to Israel." Ben Gad also criticized Arab coun- tries for making the plight of Palestinian refugees a major issue. "Palestinian refugees are a minor problem,"he 'said. 'In fact, pveĀ§80 pe; cent of the Palestinians in' the Middl. East live on Palestinian soil. Thee make up 60 per cent of the population of Jordan." There aren't a great deal of refugees, and the number of refugees is small according to Ben Gad. Many Palestinians living in Israel have no desire to return home "becaue they en- joy a higher standing of living in Israel than they would in their native lands." BEN GAD ADDED that while the world knows mostly of the Palestinian refugees, almost no one realizes hun- dreda of thousands of Israeli refugees have been forced to flee Arab lands. "Over 700,000 Jews were expelled or voluntarily left their Arab homelands," said the Israeli professor, who himself fled his native Libya. "These refugees came to Israel. Israel fed and clothed them with her meager resources." He added that if Arab countries were willing to do a similar thing for Palestinian refugees, tensions in the Middle East would be greatly reduced. Kenworthy announces mayoral candidacy (Continued from Page 1) question, as well as on how well Belcher kept his sweeping campaign promises from April. "I think it's incumbent upon him to show how he's realized the expectations, he's raised," Kenworthy said. ' KENWORTHY ALSO said citizens ''are surprised that Republicans would lead the city to its first budget deficit in the five years that Sy Murray has been administrator." As an alternative to the current Republican government, Kenworthy promised to "reestablish a political and social contract with the citizens." Ken- worthy said that in the current anti- government mood and the raised ex- pectations, it is essential that "public officials go back to their constituents to determine what services are needed, at what cost, for what benefit, and for how many people." This platform complements the at- tack on the Republicans for holding an illegal closed public meeting. The theme for the Democrats in April, then, will be a promise to bring citizens into the decision-making process while they accuse Republicans of consciously trying to exclude citizen input. Or as Democrats turned to Kenworthy as one who could unify the party and salvage some of the April losses. Kenworthy said, "I wouldn't be running for mayor if I didn't think I had a good chance tai unify the party" and beat Belcher in' April. "First, there are 7,000 more voters this year because of the gubernatorial race. Registration is up and -that generally helps the Democrats," h( said. Second, Kenworthy said there wag "personal enthusiasm" among rank and-file Democrats about his can- didacy. "Third, I don't think Belcher has much been able to broaden his sups port. His record has not been one to rally the whole city behind him." KENWORTHY promised to bring a "political administration" to city hall that would "set the tone" for the city. He added quickly that he did not mean a new administrator to replace Ad- ministrator Murray, the city's bureaucratic head. "Mr. Murray is a very bright person and he has brought financial solidity to the city," Kenwor- thy said. "But after a while you get.. ." he said, stopping in mid- sentence. Hadd h2atgeIv_ "T'm n ot onino