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Omen?
a+
AY, JANUARY 7,'1960
AT THE CAMPUS:
Polish 1
Film Subject
f9 9~
NIGHT EDITOR: KENNETH McELDOWNEY
Search for D gniy
BANNED IN POLAND, "The Eighth Day of the Week" should be
evaluated primarily in non-political terms. Its picture of the work-
ers' paradise is hardly the view the Communist arbiters of art would
approve. But it is a film that could - with minor alterations - depict
the life of the young, and the poor, in any country.
Filmed in Warsaw by a Polish-West Berlin cooperative company,
the film is based on the frustrations that young love faces in a world
which has no room for them. The room means more than a place for
love, more than "four walls to himself." The room is a symbol also for
human dignity - all that is denied to the youth of post-war Poland.
IN A BLEAK and sordid city filled with bleak, sordid, and con-
Jested apartments live bleak, defeated people. The old slump or nag of
Community College Program
Raises Problems
I
ANTICIPATED expansion of the state com-
munity college program will mean that, in
the near future, the number of Michigan resi-
dents applying as upperclass transfer students
to the state's four-year colleges will increase
significantly.
The state's 15 community colleges - an ad-
dition of eight more is contemplated, offer
programs "comparable" to the first two years
of university education. The program was set
up, in part, to offer beginning college programs
to the large numbers of qualified students that
the four-year institutions cannot presently ac-
commodate.
But plans must be made by state schools
to make provisions for the completion of their
education. The rationale behind the commu-
nity college idea is that of providing prelimin-
ary instruction which would eventually be com-
pleted at the University level.
AT THE PRESENT TIME the number of
these students applying to four year schools
has not increased alarmingly, for the program
is just getting on its feet.
But in the next four or five years, this will
obviously have changed. Students will desire
-and deserve-admission to the major state-
supported institutions - including the Uni-
versity.
The ratio of transfer students will obviously
be affected. State universities, by committing
themselves to an endorsement policy for the
community college program, are responsible
for taking up where the junior colleges leave
off. And it has been estimated that this would
eventually involve about one half of the two-
year graduates.
THE UNIVERSITY'S enrollment policy fea-
tures "controlled growth;" if the upperclass
transfers are accommodated and growth is
controlled, the obvious outcome is a propor-
tionate reduction in the size of the freshman
class.
University policy makers maintain, however,
that the freshman class won't be reduced, that
the transfers will be admitted in as large num-
bers as possible, that the ratio between trans-
fres and incoming freshmen will remain at
the standard~ one to two figure and that total
enrollment will be reasonably controlled (28,-
000 is the most recent projected figure.)
These. assumptions are incompatible.
With controlled enrollment, increased trans-
fer admissions cannot possibly be accompanied
by proportionately increasing freshman classes.
Two and two make four, not three.
Whether the University will maintain the
MAX LERNER:;
ratio at the expense of the transfers or give
them priority over freshmen remains to be
seen.
IF TRANSFERS are admitted in large num-
bers and the freshman class is accordingly
limited, financial repercussions appear. It has
been pointed out that it is considerably more
costly to educate an upperclass student than
a freshman. The proportionate increase on the
junior and senior levels will then require in-
creased outlays on the part of the University.
How willingly will the state legislature accept
this argument for increased appropriations is
uncertain. And how else will the University
meet the expenses incurred?
On the other hand, if a limit is placed upon
transfer admissions, questions are raised con-
cerning overall responsibility in planning on
the part of the state colleges and universities.
It seems highly irresponsible of the institu-
tions endorsing the community college program
to do so if they do not expect to be equipped
to accept such students in their junior year.
Here, a need for more realistic planning is in-
dicated. And with the desired addition of eight
more community colleges - this has been
called the fastest growing movement in the
state - the pressure will increase.
SECOND, their actual rather than potential
role needs examining. If the education re-
ceived at community schools is "comparable"
to that provided by the major four-year in-
stitutions, students completing the community
course should be admitted to full-term schools.
But with increasing admissions pressures from
all directions, the University, may, consider-
ing the possible inferiority of the programs of-
fered at community schools, be forced to re-
strict admission of these students.
The University's responsibilities seem to con-
flict - responsibility with academic excellence,
desire to select the most qualified and prom-
ising applicants with a responsibility to the
state for admitting a great part of its educable
students and finally, responsibility to the com-
munity college program itself.
It and its students will suffer most. The
program the community college backers have
been encouraged to expand is apparently' a
thing that their partners in this enterprise -
the four year schools - are unable to meet
halfway. Partial responsibility for the success
of the program falls upon the state universities.
Their over-optimism in encouraging expansion
cannot be justified in light of the current poli-
cy of a stable transfer ratio and an expansion
curtailed by philosophy and finance.
-CAROL LEVENTEN
' -
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Herblock is away due to illness
fondly remember the past. The
young drink, make love, and
dance to jazz.
The hero, an architecture stu-
dent, lives in a bombed-out build-
ing which collapses one day - the
day on which his love is coming,
at last, to live with him. Home-
less, the boy searches for a place
to be alone with the girl he loves.
A most agonizingly futile search
culminates in his finding a room
to himself - too late. The girl
has succumbed to another man.
Housing shortages may not
seem spectacular material for
drama, even cinema drama. But
the search for a room is also the
search for a sober answer to a
drunken question, "Is this world
of ours a place for lovers?"
The question, also posed in the
George Orwel novel, "Keep the
Aspidistra Flying," is not confined
to Warsaw.
POLITICAL connotations can-
not be avoided, however. The
ironies of such a situation in a
"Utopian state" are part of the
impact which the film makes.
Coming out of a crammed hous-
ing brueau office, homeless and
without promise of -a home,.the
boy is faced with a large sign:
"We exceed our construction
quota 250 per cent."
Despite a few hackneyed de-
vices, especially the "ships that
pass in the night" trick, the film
is basicaly sound in both acting
and in film technique. The young
students express a "deep yearning
for a better life" simply and with
great dignity.
A color sequence in the black-
and-white film is an interesting
device to convey the wealth sur-
rounding the couple while they are
locked in the department store
basement-wealth they can never
attain. Like most devices, it in-
terrupts the continuity of the, film
rather ° than contributing to its
meaning.
The eighth day of the week is
the day on which dream come
true - the day on which the sun
finally shines. Even the film's
quasi-optimistic conclusion brings
that day no nearer for the youth
in an impoverished society.
-Jo Hardee
LETTERS
to the
EDITOR
Arrests .. .
To the Editor:
THE ARTICLE on homosexuality
in the January 5 Daily caused
us to wonder what actions are
taken if an individual is convicted
of homosexual activities. We pro-
ceeded to check the state statutes
to determine what these actions
would be.
The "Michigan Statutes Anno-
tated, 28.570, stated that homo-
sexuality was "gross indecency be-
tween males and was considered a
felony. The penalty stated in the
statutes was either a maximum of
5 years in the state prison or a
maximum fine of $2,500. For re-
peated offenses the penalty could
range from one day to a life sen-
tence.
* * *
IN OUR opinion, these actions
are inappropriate retaliation for
homosexuality. Homosexuality is a
psychological illness or mental dis-
order and should be treated as
such. If the state has reformed to
the point of establishing mental
institutions to help those who are
mentally ill, why cannot these
homosexuals, who are also defined
as mentally ill, be admitted to
mental institutions and given
special care instead of being com-
mitted to criminal institutions?
When these homosexuals are not
given proper care but are put in
criminal institutions where they
are confined to a small area in an
all-male population, there is great-
er opportunity to further their
homosexual activities.
WE FEEL that if the state is
going to take any action, it should
take the proper action and confine
these individuals to institutions
that would help to cure them
rather than to institutions that
would contribute to their illness.
-Names withheld by request
.'
SEVEN ARTS:
Jazz from the Outside
IS
By AL YOUNG
Generation Co-Editor
(EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the
first of a series of articles by Al
Young dealing with the socio-
psychological aspects of jazz.)
I'VE NEVER forgotten the rather
cryptic remark that slipped
from the lips of a beautiful, sad
young English teacher in high
school. She was given to staring
into space frequently, and to tak-
ing a strongly personal, almost
intimate interest in her students.
One warm afternoon, after the
class had patiently waited for her
mind to return from one of its
spatial excursions, she asked,
"What are we going to do about
jazz?"
"Do about jazz?" a student
echoed aloud.
"Yes, it really is a problem you
know. She had assumed an un-
usually sedate demeanor - "Yes,
jazz is one big problem." She let
it drop that she had known Gerry
Mulligan as a schoolboy and the
day's lesson was immediately dis-
carded by unanimous decision in
favor of the topic she had intro-
duced. It was all she could do to
prevent subsequent classroom ses-
sions from slipping into the same
groove again.
* * *
SHORTLY afterwards, she
abandoned teaching for being a
TV weather girl and has since
then, 'tis rumored, married an
itinerant drummer and settled
down to life on the road.
The impression she made on her
class was nothing short of won-
derful. Quite evidently, she had a
broad knowledge of jazz, of music
generally - something considered
to be revolutionary among us who
thought jazz would be the furthest
subject from any schoolteacher's
mind.
"What are we going to do about
jazz?" is another of the one thou-
sand remarks that sent me to
writing these pages. What is this
many-headed creature jazz? Now
who but what! What are the peo-
ple who create and play it, listen
to it, build their lives around it?
* * *
CERTAINLY a music, any mu-
sic, serves a function apart from
the esthetic. It can very well be
a fabric through which we may
examine the fibres of a cultural
ferment, a people or merely people
--if you will.
The extramusical aspects of jazz
interest me greatly. Jazz affects
many of our lives more than we
might suspect.
Much has been written about
the music from musicological, so-
ciological, even psychological
points of view. Fictionists have
drawn freely upon jazz and jazz-
men to make stories and novels--
too often bizarre and ludicrous
ones. But -little has been written
about that evasive little fellow, the
listener, the fan (fanatic?) who
may not be a musician himself
but who spends a good deal of his
time listening to jazz. I thought
it would make curious, if not in-
teresting, reading ' to get down
some of my own impressions.. This
piece, I hope, will be a modest be-
ginning toward a broader, richer
work.
* * *
THERE'S A barbershop on the
eastside of Detroit, in the heart of
the Negro district, where I some-
times go for a haircut. What I like
about this particular barbershop
is the atmosphere - especially
after three o'clock weekday after-
noons when everyone is getting off
from work and stopping by more
often to chat and dig than to get
haircuts.
In one corner of the shop there
is a big wooden stove that has a
checkerboard on otp of it when it
isn't burning. In another corner,
there is a jukebox. A man might
come in, fresh out of the factory,
feed the jukebox for some of the
most provocative Miles Davis,
Horace Silver or Count Basie, and
at the same time carry on a con-
versation from what would seem
a different world-
"The time my mule got sick and
I couldnt lay my crop by in time"
or "When I used to slip off at night
and be in town hanging around
the honky tonk and knowed I had
a whippin comin if my folks found
out" or "He was the fellow could
holler the blues and play the
guitar would make you cry. All
the women went for him and he
didnt never have to work - just
picked up enough t'eat and live
from makin music.
* * *
SCENES SUCH as this take
place daily. I visit friends out in
the backwoods who farm for a
living, yet on Saturday nights
when ,they drink and play cards
or dance, you'll hear as much of
Charlie Parker & the MJQ as you
will Fats Domino or Bo Didley.
The catholicism of these people
is natural and unpretentious. They
simply know what they like but
the forces that have gone into
molding their tastes are many and
varied. In a way, their roots run
deeper than those of the so-called
hipster and professional jazz fan
-- sometimes deeper than the
average musician's.
It's a pleasure to move among
people like this in this half of the
century when too many would-be
jazz buffs have the idea that jazz
began at Minton's in 1942 and be-
fore that came Satchmo.
:S
The Balancing Posture
INTERPRETING THE NEWS:
nazism Serves Soviets
By J. M. ROBERTS
Associated Press News Analyst
IT IS EASY to speculate that the Communists are behind the new
outbreak of anti-Semitic incidents, hoping to discredit West Ger-
many as the time for negotiations over the German future approaches,
but the speculation may not be well-founded.
In the first place, there is no denying that there are Nazi left-overs
in Germany, and neo-Nazi organizations containing hoodlums perfectly
JAIPUR, India - There was a recent book on
the "American style," based on the valid idea
that every civilization has a characteristic way
of thinking and of doing things. Ever since I
have been in India I have been asking myself
what is the "Indian style." No Indian has
written about it because Indian scholars are
not in the habit of trying to seize their rich
and complex civilization as a whole, but an
American innocent abroad may be forgiven a
brash plunge.
What then is the Indian style? Or better,
what is the stance of posture with which an
Indian confronts any problem?
O START WITH, we must clear away one
difficulty which distorts our view of the In-
dian character. The long and fierce struggle
for Indian independence from the British has
left in our minds an image of passionate and
almost fanatical devotion to a cause. I have no
doubt that the element of fanaticism is there
in the Indian tradition, and humanists like
Nehru have recoiled from its expression in riots
and even massacres.
Yet I must add that the energy which the
Indians showed in the independence movement
is now in the history bokos, but you do not
find a comparable energy for any cause today.
For an historical moment, under great leader-
ship, the Indians were caught and stretched
beyond their habitual reach. They broke
through the shell of theirtradition.
Today one seeks in vain for evidences of a.
similar spirit. What one finds instead is the
balancing posture. India is caught between
East and West, between socialism and the free
market, between the public sector and the pri-
vate sector, between science and superstition,
between tradition and innovation, between a
closed and open society, between a society of
frozen emotions and a happiness society, be-
tween fear of Chinese aggression and resis-
tance to it, between pacifism and military
training, between passivity and action, between
the old and the new.
IN AN EARLIER COLUMN I wrote of "Nehru
as India". More than anyone else in public
life Nehru sees and embodies these contradic-
light on the Indian posture. Take the non-
alignment policy, which is India's chief gift to
the theory and practice of world politics. There
are good concrete reasons for it in India's geo-
graphic and strategic position and its need for
economic aid from both sides. Yet Nehru has
clung to it with a fervor of conviction that goes
beyond the practical needs of policy.
There is the same balancing posture in oth-
er aspects of the Indian style. The Indian in-
tellectuals tend to be Marxist in their econ-
omic thought but not in economic policy. The
government is anti-Communist in its domestic
utterances but it is by no means anti-Russian:
in fact the Russians today are basking in the
sun of popular approval, along with the Amer-
icans and British.
E CHINESE alone are unpopular, because
they are eating Indian territory. But even
in the Chinese case Nehru is caught in a bal-
ancing posture: on the one hand he points to
the expansionist tradition of the Chinese: on
the other hand he insists that China and India
have had good relations for thousands of years.
If there has been a long tradition of friend-
ship, how can he reconcile it with Chinese ex-
pansionism? It should be evident that the new
factor is the nature of the Chinese Communist
regime. But Nehru and the Indians will not
have it. They insist that Chinese aggression is
Chinese, not Communist. They thus encompass
the best of both worlds: hostility to China and
friendship to the Communism which everyone
recognizes as having transformed China.
This tolerance of contradictions is to be
found everywhere on the Indian scene and in
the Indian character. One meets officials close
to the top rank, whose functions depend for
their performance on science and technology,
yet in their private lives they reserve thei
decisions for days favored by the stars.
IERE is an obvious clue to this balancing
posture, although any student of India will
find scores of others. It is in Indian philosophy,
which not only tolerates opposites but courts
them.
Indian philosophy always embraces both
poles - negative and positive. nhysical and
GOLD-PLATED DOOR:
Fear Influences Immigration
capable of the acts. The over-
whelming popularity of Konrad
Adenauer, who has sought zealous-
ly to lead German thinking away
from such fields, is sufficient evi-
dence that these elements are nei-
ther representative nor powerful.
But in Germany and the rest
of the world there are enough
extremists who, like anonymous
letter writers, are willing to act
surreptitiously to create the im-
pression of an organized move-
ment.
Any Communist conspiracy in
such a matter would be in con-
stant danger of discovery, and the
resultant danger to the Commun-
ist cause very real.
* * *
THE COMMUNISTS have always
been extremely wary of charges of
anti-Semitism, recognizing it as a
link to Czarist Russia where the
pogrom , was once a well-used
weapon of the government to keep
the minds of the people off their
other troubles.
It still exists, of course, and at
times has flared to the point where
it was clearly discernible even
through the Iron Curtain. But the
line has seldom been clearly drawn
between anti-Semitism and the
general running fight which Com-
munism carries on against all re-
ligions in its effort to stand as a
religion within itself.
Stirring up hatred is not the
Soviet. line today, although the
Chinese Communists still go for it
in a big way.
* * *
THERE can be no question,
however, that the growing entente
between France and Germany is
one of the most disturbing sights
on the Soviet horizon today.
Anything which tends to remind
France and Eastern Europe of the
character of Germany between
1932 and 1945 is meat for the
Soviet stew. The communists can
therefore be expected to exploit
any anti-Semitic evidence even
though they may not dare to insti-
gate it themselves.
(EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the
second in a series of articles on the
United States immigration policy.)
By NORMA SUE WOLFE
Daily Staff 'Writer
THE TREND in United States
immigration laws over the past
75 years has refi.ected the single
pressure-fear.-
With the development of immi-
gration legislation, liere has been
less interest in the improvement of
the nation as a whole and more in
economic self-improvement; less
in "desirability" and more in
"practicality;" less in furthering
the ideals of a democracy and
more in yielding to a pressure
called fear . . . fear of economic,
social, moral, political, religious,
and racial domination by masses
of "foreign;rs." '
* * *
IMMIGRANTS make for an
overstocked labor market, keep
down wages, substitute for native
strike-breakers, and thus injure
the natives socially, he argued. As
for moral and religious injury, he
part of the irony of the present
system is the fact that both those
persons favoring and opposing it
make use of economic theories for
the bases of their arguments.
THE FIRST economic school
premises its attitudes toward im-
migration upon the need for
additional labor. If the entrance
of an immigrant will cause indus-
trial displacement, such entrance
should be denied, they believe.
The second school of. economic
thought, composed largely of new
immigrants and older stock who
recall the part foreign-born have
played in American history, has
developed a number of answers to
these cries for even more limiting
legislation.
They claim the United States
has become a world force largely
because it has welcomed immi-
grants who seek to betterthem-
selves economically or who en-
deavor to escape persecution. Also,
much of the native labor force will
not perform certain unskilled
that it diminished progressively
with the swelling volume of the
immigration current," one account
of the theory reports.
While the theory concedes that
immigrants, in general, represent
a lower standard of living than
native American workmen,- Gen.
Walker maintained that the na-
tives are compelled to choose be-
tween two alternatives - either
lowering their own standard of
living or limiting family size and
maintaining the standard.
But all people - particularly
Americans - resist lowering their
standard of living, Gen. Walker
argued. Therefore, the American
laborer limits the size of his fam-
ily.
MULTIPLIED by tens of thou-
sands, this expedient checks the
growth of the population. As a
result, there is a greater demand
for alien labor to enter certain oc-
cupations formerly intended for
native children.
Furthermore, one's standard of
DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
(Continued from Page 2)
Moe Sport Shop, 711 N. University Ave.
Orders should be placed immediately.
There will be a few vacancies in the
Martha Cook Bldg. for the second se-
mester, Feb., 1960. Those interested
may apply to the Director. For ap-
pointment please call NO 2-3225.
Today at 4:10 p.m. the Dept. of
Speech will present a double bill in the
of Music; Natural Resources, 2039 Nat-
ural Resources: Pharmacy, 1525 Chem,-
Pharm.; Public Health, 3520 School of
Public Health; Social Work, Window A,
Administration. Students from the
above schools should submit their
forms at Window A in the Adminis-
tration Bldg. for certification.
Students who are definitely planning
to transfer to the College of Literature,
Science and the Arts, School of Educa-
tion, School of Music, School of Nurs-
ing, College of Architecture and De-
sign, or the College of Pharmacy in