IT Early Bird EL7 xd ' EmBigy Seventieth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSIT of MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY Of BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 Pben OpinimoAre-O re Truth Wll Prev&il Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.- AY, DECEMBER 16, 1959 NIGHT EDITOR: KENNETH McELDOWNEY Federal School Aid: Imperative Measure . . ~ ; : . k.. . : ,. - : _ ,_ ,_ ,. :z f: 3 Ek t 4 _ i * } 4 , d +r" a 'T+ ! Fes'} . ,,, , Y Y l AT HILL AUDITORIUM * Universty Choirs Sing Fine Program T HAS BEEN quite a while since the University of Michigan com- bined choirs have presented a program that was such a large-scale production, yet so completely entertaining. This concert was actually an experience. It is amazing how so large a group can provide such a variety of music and moods using both select groups and non-musicians together. The opening motet "Hodie Christus natus est" is a fine example of the superb antiphonal effects achieved by Gabrielli and his masterful brass parts. However, last night's performance lacked brilliance. The choir was somewhat of a disappointment, even though the brass choirs came through quite fully (often overshadowing the vocal- ists). The soprano part was scarce- ly audible at times and the "Alle- IN E R TNG luias" failed to convey their obvi INTERPRETING ous meaning. However, had this been presented later in the pro- gram, the entire choir may have been ready to fill the auditorium with the spirit it somehow failed T TT to transmit,.In i-iii ii on r f 'o: [ME PERENNIAL FEAR that federal aid to education will mean federal control seems miss the question at issue, for the simple ict is that public education cannot exist with- ut public support. With the states of the Union finding it daily lore difficult to dig enough funds from their 'easuries to meet the financial demands of heir school systems, continued refusal to con- der the federal government as a source of evenue can only result in impairing the quality nd quantity of education that can be offered 3 the public's youth. Already, according to figures quoted at last eekend's Haven Hill educational conference, he nation lacks 140,000 classrooms and is >rced to employ in its school systems 92,000 ibstandard teachers to fill those it has. In ddition, state university entrance applica- ons seems to be rapidly outpacing admissions uiotas. Although this situation can justly be lamed in part on the states' inability to keep p with the mushrooming population growth, here is no indication that this growth will srel off or that the states will suddenly find ew reservoirs of gold, for while few people iese days question the value of public educa- on, few are willing to increase their share of s financial support. PARTIAL SOLUTION to the dilemma may lie in convincing the public that it must pen its wallet if it wants its children to gain n education. And the federal government may ave a definite advantage in this battle, for it eems that states are particularly leery of in- reasing their tax demands, holding a kind of pride in keeping taxes lower than the next state. The federal government, on the other hand, can present a coordinated argument for increasing taxes and then proceed to assess everyone in the nation equally, regardless of their home state. The state situation has been dramatically emphasized in Michigan, where legislators are still desperately trying to find the money to keep its schools in operation, for one thing. Despite the amount of politics slowing down the search, it is hard to imagine anyone in the state capital who would willingly watch the public schools close their doors to students because expenses were too great. The state's only hope for solvency now seems to lie in a new tax plan, but it can probably merely alleviate the present crisis without taking into account what the state will need in the way of new schools and programs 20 years from now. SUPPLEMENTARY federal aid is undoubtedly no cure-all, but it could ease the tension if applied with care. The problems in implement- ing such a program are great-how much would each state get, is it fair to assess everyone equally and then parcel out the revenue with- out regard to the state assessments, would aid mean Congress could clamp controls on and Investigate schools... .? But Haven Hill participants said, "the bene- ficiary of the educational system at every level is not only the individual but society as -a whole," and society, probably at every level in- cluding the national, must assume responsibility for supplying it. -KATHLEEN MOORE k G.p ° -: r tzz "I .2 .~- MAIV 4PW CarMO36 TM u~wPbw- St. Lous cow.tw Herbiock is aay Bre to M~no," AMEIH CAN PROPAGANDA: Broadcasts-Need Appraisal TODAY AND TOMORROW Our Iranian Problem I. THE REST of the first half was quite entertaining. "Adoramus te Christe" was completely captivat- ing. The pianissimo achieved was extraordinary, especially in view of the fact that it was the entire University Choir. The young women of the chorus did a good job with the Benjamin Britton "Ceremony of Carols" al- though here again the first so- pranos were often obscure.A round of applause to Anita Fecht whose voice was beautiful in its simplic- ity. It was quite reminiscent to a medieval maiden sitting in her courtyard plucking a lute. (Ah! Imagination!) Susan Bigby filled in quite nicely as a lutist. * '' * CHARLES WALTON who sound- ed a tiny bit throaty nevertheless rendered the moving spiritual "Mary Had a Baby" very beauti- fully and - thank heavens- very simply. The tenors and basses of the choir backed him in excellent proportion and what a joy indeed to hear a perfectly balanced male group! The numbers performed by the Tudor Singers were quite pleasant, although at times, their singing was so barely audible that the dic- tion was faulty. * * * FOR THE most part the second half of the program was less en- lightening. The Bach motet,. al- though a masterpiece in'its own right, seemed to drag. There were several bad spots in- tonation-wise and the lower parts again overshadowed the sopranos. However, there was one pertinent, feature - the aspirate H's in "Spirit" especially were quite nicely controlled. The final "florid" was an ex- cellent closing selection although the orchestra was often faulty in their intonation and behind in the tempo (the solos particularly)'. Muriel Greenspon, Janet Ast and Judith Hauman were splendid as is the custom. They have three of the finest voices ever to grace the School of Music halls. * * * THE CHORUS closed with a rousing "Cum sancto Spiritu" a fine ending for a fine performance. Maynard Klein was at his best. His choir was at its best. The or- chestra was good with very few exceptions. The music for this Christmas concert was very nicely selected and this season is the one time of the year when it can be performed and received as it should be. -Karen McCann EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the fourth in a series of. live special articles by Walter Lippmann on India and the Middle East, from where he has just returned) IN IRAN, which we came to from India, an American will find much to think about. For here there is being put to the test the question of how a country which borders on the Soviet Union can be prevented from falling within its orbit. Our answer to this question, which was evolved In the Acheson-Dulles period, is to build up an Iranian army, to promote and un- derwrite the military alliance with Turkey and with Pakistan, and to give financial and economic and moral support to the Shah's government. The figures about our aid to Iran are classi- fied. But it is no secret that we have in Iran a military mission of about 900 officers and men. They are there to help train the Iranian forces. In addition, we have an extensive pro- gram of civilian aid under the Point Four Pro- gram, and we make up a deficit in the Iranian budget which may be as much as 20 per cent. YET AN American visitor will be told, as we were told by the Shah himself, that the United States is not doing enough, and indeed that, it 4is discriminating against Iran. The Shah complains that whereas Iran is com- pletely aligned with us and is not netralist in the cold war, we nevertheless give aid to neu- tralists like Nehru and Tito. The Shah complains, moreover, about the quality of the aid we do give him. Not only would he like a bigger army, but he is particu- larly aggrieved because we are supplying the Iranian Air Force with F-86s, which our own Air Force is discarding, whereas the Soviet Union is supplying neighboring Afghanistan with the superior MIG-17s The Shah feels, moreover that Iran is en- titled to receive much larger aid for capital investments in order to develop a modern in- dustrial complex based on the great rivers and the oil reserves at the head of the Persian Gulf. THE SHAH, who is a young and modern- minded man, says frankly that the military threat to Iran is not on the Soviet border. It is on his two other frontiers - that with Traq :n the West and with Afghanistan on the East. We need not, I would guess, worry too much about the few Russian planes in Afghanistan. There are not many of them in the first place and in the second place Afghanistan is a very awkward country from which to get at Iran. But there is a real and not an imaginary dan- ger on the Iraqi side. The danger is not that of an organized in- vasion. It is that of infiltration and incursion. The Tudeh Party, which is the Communist Party of Iran, is outlawed and suppressed. But t continues to opreate underground from Baghdad. Moreover, the Kurds who live on both sides of the Iraqi-Iranian frontier are somewhat disaffected, and cannot be counted n as certain and reliable supporters of the :'Ihh.r crt .-rarl On %LTER LIPPMANN I the solidity of his government. But it is hard to avoid the impression that the regime is vul- nerable. ALTHOUGH the Shah is making a brave ef= fort, the Iranian nation has not yet been consolidated behind the government. There are many things to worry about at home. There are the Communists. There are the disaffected tribes. There are also an unknown but con- siderable number of sympathizers with the Mossadegh revolution, who are to be found in the upper and middle classes, among the in- tellectuals, and, although this cannot be veri- fied, in the army as well. In Iran, our military aid is really directed not outward but inward. It is not strategic and tactical but political and domestic. I am not particularly squeamish about this. If that is the best way to help Iran, well and good: The question which this country will have to ex- amine is whether it is going to be in the future the best way, or indeed how long it can be expected to work. AGAINST this background we can under- stand better, I think, the real nature of the Soviet Union's Iranian policy. There are, as usual, the carrot and the stick. The biggest stick is the radio broadcasting into Iran from the Soviet Union and from some of its East European satellites. I did not hear any of the broadcasts and, of course, could not have understood them if I had. Nor did I see any translations. But I talked with Iranians whose sympathies are with Mossadegh, de- scribed them to me. The main substance of the propaganda is not Marxism but muck raking. It resembles, if he" will forgive me for saying so, a high-powered. and greatly magnified campaign by Mr. Drew Pearson. The main impact of these broadcasts comes from the fact that they seem to ori- ginate inside the Iranian government. They contain a series of concrete charges of cor- ruption and favoritism. They name names and amounts and definite events. It is evident that the information they contain is sufficiently specific to make them plausible and that this information must be supplied to the Soviet broadcasters and processed for them by a wide and highly-placed network of disaffected Iran- ians. There is no doubt that they are under- mining confidence and disturbing the morale of the Iranian public life. rTHIS IS the big stick. The carrot is offered privately through diplomatic channels. The Iranian Foreign Minister, told us that just that morning he had had one of a series of visits from the Soviet Ambassador. They had talked informally, and the Ambassador had once again argued that Iran would be much better off if it followed the example of Egypt and adopted a policy of non-alignment. Why don't you, said the Ambassador take aid from both sides? Let us give you arms and let us help you as we are helping Egypt at Aswan, to develop your resources. Go on taking aid from the Americans, though you should send By ARNOLD SAMEROFF Daily Staff Writer O NE OF AMERICA'S loudest propaganda machines in Eu- rope recently came under the at- tack of the United States Am- bassador to Poland, Jacob D. Beam. Ambassador Beam reported to the State Department that Radio Free Europe lacks effective-, ness in Poland because of broad- casting misinformation and a too- blatant propaganda line. This is one of the few times that Radio Free Europe has been criti- cized by an official United States representative. Since it is a private organization, it is responsible to no official body for its actions. The only influence the State De- partment can have on it is through recommendations. Previous to this time there have been. many criticisms from private sources of the reliability of Radio Free Europe. In the Polish case, information about internal de- velopments was reported that proved to be incorrect. As a re- sult many Poles who were closely associated with the events, stopped listening to R.F.E. S E *ep NEWS USED on the programs usually has passed through many hands before reaching the air. The sources are generally escaping re- fugees or white Russians who tend to tinge their stories with their political views. In these cases the station has been almost unscrupulous in the use of unconfirmed information, which has finally led to this of- ficial notice being taken. One of the blackest periods in Radio Free Europe's history was its role in the Hungarian blood- bath which helped to make it a great deal bloodier. The station made continual pleas for 'the rebels to hold out because help was coming. There were many statements that the West would not let them be de- feated. As a result many, many people died waiting for this help. THE IRRESPONSIBILITY of an independent organization like Ra- dio Free Europe is resulting in much more harm to American propaganda than good. The only positive function it seems to be performing with its "Truth Dol- lars" is to provide employment for White Russians and refugees. On the other hand, the British. Broadcasting Corporation broad- casts to Eastern Europe are reported to have a much larger audience because of their straight- forward presentation in their pro- graming. * * * THE VOICE of America, the of- ficial United States radio station, has also been involved in several situations which might be inter- preted as being mistakes, except that they are intimately connected with American foreign policy. The recent Khrushchev visit is a case in point. While he was here, occupying the major portion of newspaper front pages and radio newscasts, the Voice of America at the same time allowed his visit only fifteen minutes a day. The significance of this was emphasized by the fact that the Russians stopped jamming the station's broadcasts during the period of the visit. However, once it became evident that there would be no change in the Voice's policy, the jamming immediately re- sumed. A reappraisal of the roles played by these propaganda organs might be in order along with the other moves being made in the drive toward peace. By J. M. ROBERTS Associated Press News Analyst VIDENCE that Nikita Khrush- chev opposed Russian military intervention in the 1956 Hungarian Revolution suggests that any sort of a concerted allied move at the moment would have changed his- tory. Khrushchev appears to have anticipated the world reaction, and the worldwide Communist confu- sion, which would be caused by using the Red Army, long heralded as the hope of the world prole- tariat, against that very prole- tariat which was seeking liberty In Hungary. He is represented as having been overpowered by the argument of Zhukov, Molotov and Kaganovich, among others, that the whole Communist system was being threatened, and that it was vital that Hungary should not be per- mitted to go the way of Yugo- slavia. * * * IT WAS A TIME, you will re- member, when a clash with the West need not be feared. It was the period of noncommunication which had set in between Britain and France, on the one hand, and the United States on the other, as the two Western European powers planned and executed their attack on the Suez Canal. Observers who were close to the behind-the-scenes negotiations in Budapest at the time are con- vinced that a show of Western forcedsuch as flying in reinforce- ments to Germany - would not have been necessary. They hold that when the Nagy government proclaimed its with- drawal from the Warsaw Pact and its neutrality in the East-West conflict, all that would have been necessary to deter Soviet action would have been for the British, French and Americans to advise the Kremlin that they accepted the neutrality proclamation. THIS, THESE observers hold, would have given Khrushchev all the support he needed to carry his argument with his associates in what was then a far more "col- lective" government than it is now. Incidentally, the reaction may have given Khrushchev the lever which enabled him to oust Molo- tov, Zhukov and Kaganovich and end the "collective government." It is not quite clear whether the Khrushchev attitude was reported to the Western Allies while there was still time to act. Later on, when Western diplomats were questioned about it, they were in- clined to downgrade its impor- tance. Nagy government officials were aware of it at the time, however, and it has been confirmed by So- viet officials visiting in the West since then. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN (Continued from Page 2) Bridgeport, Inc., Conn., has need of a Chief Clinical Psychologist with Ph.D., experience in a child guidance clinic or in a psychiatric setting serving chil- dren. Analytic orientation, personal analysis preferred. ' The May Co., Cleveland, Ohio, is very interested in i960graduates who may be interested in retailing "a- career- merchandising trainees. New England Mutual Life Ins. Co., Detroit, Mich., is seeking men with sales abilioyr who believe they can be trained to sell. Having openings in the Metropolitan Detroit area (includ- ing Ann Arbor) for a limited number of men. Motorola, Inc., Chicago, ill. would like to interview Feb. grads during Christ- mas vacation for position of employ- ment interviewer, and beginning spots in personnel administration. Business administration graduates, with prefer- abl ya major in personnel admin. will be considered. Military service veterans desired, but not absolutely necessary. Student Part-Time Employment The following part-time Jobs are available to students. Applications for these yobs can be made in' the Non- Academic Personnel Office, Rm. 1020 Admin. Bldg., during the following hours: Monday. through Friday, 1:30 p.m. to 4:45 p.m. Employers desirous o hiring students for part-time work should contact Jim 8tempson. Student 4 SEN. JOHN P. SMEEKENS: Legislator Views Michigan Fiscal Crisis (EDITOR'S NOTE: The following letter was sent to Student Govern- ment Council President John Feld- kamp in response to the Council's recent expression of concern about the state financial crisis. Senator John P. Smeekens (R-Coldwater) forwarded a similar letter to a number of his constituents, feeling that it explains his view of Mich- igan's fiscal problem.) Good Morning: WE SHALL soon do honor to the boys who paid the last full measure of devotion to their coun- try. Orators refer to them as hav- ing "so willingly and freely given their lives for the cause." Not ev- eryone subscribes to this termin- ology. "Rather it may be said," they say, "that their lives were sacrificed to the demon god of war." Along a similar strain, it may be asked: Did the Galilean Prophet' willingly give His life as ransom for the many? Rather - did He pray that the cup might pass Him by and a little later did He not feel that His Creator had forsaken him? Did Socrates willingly drink from the hemlock cup? Not at all. He argued long and diligently in his "Apology" as reported by Pla- to, pleading for mercy. Did St. Stephen enjoy being stoned to death? The record shows that his spirit went out while he was praying for mercy. Did St. Joan of Orleans delight in looking forward to inhaling the Legislative observers - looking closely, attest to witnessing a war raging in Lansing this year - a war which reaches the very roots of the American system of govern- ment. The current deadlock is not the result of inability by Michigan lawmakers to find immediate-cash -to meet payrolls - bills as due and payaable - etc., etc. That's really only a trifling problem. The war is a test of whether Michigan will continue the kind of government that Republicans call "free enterprise" or whether our lawmaking processes shall be surrendered to the philosophies of a Democratic party who continue to subscribe to goals such as pub- lic ownership of all utilities, so- cialized medicine, and a theory that the worker should be prac- tically exempt from taxation. * * * THIS YEAR voters sent 55 Democrats and' 55 Republicans to the Michigan House of Represen- tatives. Consequently, for the first time, the clash of these two vio- lently opposed theories of govern- ment has come out in the open, in a war where neither side can win without the help of the other. The present deadlock was inevi- table. There is no confusion on the floor of either the House of Rep- resentatives or the Senate in Lan- sing. There is no turbulent dissen- sion within either party. dustrial communities in this state. I persist in my conviction that no matter what tax is ultimately im- posed, no matter how much addi- tional monies are provided our State Treasury thereby the only thing we will have accomplished will be to "prolong the day of reckoning." Unless and until we as citizens demand and . respect a fiscally sound, sane, and responsible pro- gram - so enacted by the Legis- lature and carried out by the gov- ernor - one whose appropriation expenditures are confined within the limits of revenues as received -no tax imposition will ever solve our continuing financial crisis in Michigan. STo--he Ed--or Reviews To the Editors: IS THERE anything on this cam- pus that you will concede to be a good production? When a news- paper, which undoubtedly must have a fairly wide circulation con- sistently rips apart and degrades all student productions, it follows that there must be a flaw some- where. Does it lie in the student- amateur productions or could it possibly be the "highly esteemed, world known for their fine ap- praisals" critics you have chosen to analyze a production? Before any critic on an academ- ic campus has the right to pan, pull apart or generally slash at a ANY PRODUCTION such as MUSKET or the "Messiah" is a challenging assignment for any group. Can't we let them accept this challenge and praise them for a job well done? Michigan is not Broadway, nor is it the New York Philharmonic. How can anyone then expect a student production to live up to its professional pre- decessors? Must The Daily critics always use past professional productions as their rating system? ' While I am using the privilege of freedom of the press, as you do so loosely, I would also like to add one further criticism. What right do you have in criticizing the Bos- ton Symphony Orchestra? A pro- fessional group of men and wo- men, led by one of the. world's or,.a.a.c.+ nnr, ,etr' Tfair v pr.