"That Was No Accident" * I5 A~ijan &tidy Seventieth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN S p AUNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLcIATIONs 'When Opinions Are Pree Truth Will Prevail" STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. NDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 1959 NIGHT EDITOR: JEAN HARTWIG t A EE *wm B y THOMAS TURNER FEDERAL ENFORCEMENT: New Labor Reform Law Promises Rigid Cleanup rHE UNIVERSITY is for the first time on record as opposing all forms of discrimina- on. There are "no implications" in adoption of ;e bylaw at this time, according to Regent Wscoe Bonisteel of Ann Arbor-the University as ilways practiced a policy of non-discrimi- ation in the administration and management f its internal affairs," he said. What then does the non-discrimination by- 3w mean? Not an awful 'lot, except that an istitution noted over the years for either con- ervatism or indecision has committed itself o an actiye role. Perhaps the most important word in the new ylaw is "work": "... It slall work for the elimination of dis- rimination: 1) in private organizations recog- ized by the University, and 2) from non-Uni- ersity sources where students and the em- loyes of the University are involved." 'OREMOST AMONG the "private organiza- tions recognized by the University" are of urse the 66 fraternities, sororities and colonies. iereof. Fraternity - sorority discrimination can be ivided into two basic problems: 1) making it pssible for a chapter on this campus to pledge nyone it wishes, and 2) educating local affili- bes so their choices of pledges will be made n the individual's merit rather than group ereotype. Discussion of fraternity discrimination and cal autonomy has of late tended to focus on ie so-called "bias clause": a constitutional striction of membership to members of one ligion or race." This is in a sense unfortunate, for there are. mly three chapters here which have clauses. hese three-Sigma Chi, Sigma Nu and Alpha au Omega--have borne the brunt of anti- iscrimination feeling, while many other houses ave proceeded to choose their own members, rery bit as arbitrarily. But it is true that bias clauses represent the ost serious check to autonomy of local chap- rs, for no group can hope to pledge whomever aey want when to do so would mean violation a provision of the national constitution. THE UNIVERSITY'S position on bias clauses will be to wait and see what various study groups come up with. Vice-president for Stu- dent Affairs James A. Lewis said his office will concentrate on coordinating the efforts of these groups, the Interfraternity Council's Selectivity Committee, for example, and Student Govern- ment Council's Restrictive Practices Committee. The interesting question here is what would Lewis' attitude be if one or more of these groups were to decide that a time limit by which all bias clauses must be eliminated was the best course of action. President Harlan Hatcher spoke of time limits as "coercive," saying more progress has been made toward elimination of bias here than at schools with time limits. Lewis referred to time limits as "time bombs," and ,said there is wide difference of opinion as to their effectiveness among those well-in- formed. The National Student Association doesn't fav.or "time bombs," Lewis said in illustration. As a matter of fact, the National Student Congress last August defeated a motion to do away with its backing of time limits by a mar- gin of at least two to one. NSA's MODEL Education Practices Standard statement on clauses reads in part: "The USNSA recognizes the procedures as effectively, initiated on several campuses by which student bodies establish a specific time limit for elimination of restrictive clauses and withdraw recognition from an organization which fails to meet the time limit unless it is convinced that conscientious effort toward re- moving these clauses justifies an extension of time." It is to be-hoped the administration's con- sistent desire to be inoffensive wouldn't obscure the merits of such an approach were it sug- gested here. As to eliminating discrimination in a broader sense, "education" is of course necessary, as President Hatcher says. But "education" has been the phrase cus- tomarily thrown up by those opposing any more direct approach to discrinination, and unless a dynamic program is instituted, "education" can be a euphemism for inaction. By ROGER GREENE Associated Press Newsfeatures Writer WASHINGTON =- The nation's new labor reform law swung into high gear recently with the federal government towering like a giant watching over the labor- management field. The controversial statute, which may have widespread repercus- sions in the 1960 elections, affects literally millions of workers and thousands of employers. Designed to blast hoodlums, crooks and racketeers out of cor- ruption-ridden labor unions-and simultaneously curb anti-union activities by some employers - the new law in effect sounds this warning: "Uncle Sam is watching you." Like the 1932 Lindbergh Law which threw the power of the fed- eral government into the fight against kidnapping, the new law mobilizes the same formidable weapons into a nationwide clean- up drive on the labor-manage- ment front. EXPERTS say the injection of federal law-enforcement authori- ty into the situation is perhaps the most important phase of the labor-reform enforcement. Under the new law, the goons," extortionists and crooked union officials will fSguratively have FBI, agents br e a t h in g down their necks. For the first time, the. statute makes it a federal crime to em- bezzle union funds. And for the first time it sets up severe federal criminal penalties -ranging up to a maximum $10,- 000 fine and 20 years in prison- for extortion, violence, terrorism and other offenses which have blackened the labor-management picture in the last decade. * * * TOP LABOR leaders have as- sailed the law as "union-busting" legislation which they say will cripple labor's legitimate func- tions - they particularly dislike the new curbs on picketing - and open the door to 'further legisla- tive assaults on the trade union movement's hard-won gains. The first major challenge to the new law - probably the first of many - was raised by Harry Bridges, left-wing San Francisco labor leader, who rejected Secl-e- tary of Labor James P. Mitchell's request for a report on Commu- nists and ex-convicts in Bridges' International Longshoreman's Union. The law bars convicted felons and Communists from holding union office within five years aft- er they left prison or quit the Red party. BRIDGES said the law violates the first and fifth amendments to the United States Constitution. Bridges also challenged Mitch- ell's power to make . him comb United States criminal records to find out, whether the union has any ex-convicts among its officers. Business leaders, while grumbl- ing over some aspects of the new law, say its union-curbing restric- tion are long overdue. Amid the hubbub, Secretary Mitchell says: "No honest trade union or em- ployer has cause to fear this legis- lation.J t will not be used to bust unionsorharrass.*management It will be used only to help labor and management clean their ranks of corrupt elements." THREATS of retaliation at the polls in the nationwide 1960 elec- tions have. already been fired by some top-ranking union chief- tains. AFL-CIO vice-president James B. Carey, head of the Internation- al Union of Electrical Workers, has called publicly for ballot-box revenge against congressmen who supported the so-called "tough" Landrum - Griffin bill w hi c h formed the backbone of the new law. Herblock is away due to illness co "SL Lmt tD ak ca NEW APPROACHES: Student Government Council Revisited AX LERNER: By BABS MILLER Guest Writer RECENT student articles seem to indicate that SGC is doomed to failure because of the relative- ly small vote count in the recent election. What many fail to con- sider is that 3,500 voters is not really an insignificant number if it represents even 2,500 students who are interested in what a stu- dent government can and should do. Higher quality in the student votes cast and concern for ideas instead of faces were the underly- ing philosophies behind the fall elections procedures. Perhaps this has resulted in less vivid publicity and a smaller num- ber of voters, but does that neces- sarily mean that the quality of the election was poor? Those "se- lect" students who did vote in'the fall election were probably, on. the whole, better informed on the IDEAS of the candidates than the voters in most of the previous Council elections. This was be- cause only the platforms of the candidates were plated in all of the frequent habitats of Univer- sity students in order to lessen the "popularity" aspect of the election and to stress the idea that candidates should be able ot think, and who were willing to devote this thinking to the prob- lems which confront SGC. * . * ONE PROBLEM which SGC or any other organization concerned with the campus as a whole is the problem of size. It is impos- sible to attempt to contact 23,000 students and interest them, in something which may be as re- mote from their immediate core of existence as SGC is to the av- ,erage married, student or medical student. However, because it can- not immediately reach 23,000- stu- dents, this does not seem suffi- cient reason to interpret the or- ganization as a failure. Most important'of all those who did take the time to read the platforms in the past election now have some small idea of what the Council is all about and what it will at least be trying to do in the coming year. * * * AN INFORMED student body is an interested one. This is what the present Student Government ,Council should try to attain. This is desirable for SGC because in order to attempt to intelligently represent student opinion, the students must first be correctly informed in those areas about which they should have an opin- ion. The new SGC with six newly, elected members, having views. not necessarily parallel to then old Council is actively concerned with the problem of communication be- cause it is worried about the sup- posed "all-time low" campus in- terest in SGC. One motion was passed on the Council floor this past Wednesday night which attempts' to begin to solve this problem. Questionnaires which attempt to gather student opinion on areas of student con- cern will be sent to a sample of 5,000 students in the various liv- ing units. * * * A PLAN will be presented to the Council at the next meeting to try to give students a better op- portunity to express their ideas about or for improving SGC to the members of the Council. It seems that, contrary to a re- cent "Daily" article, SGC is try- ing to do away with the "Club" concept. Council members have set up office hours to make them- selves more available to interested constituents. Students who are in- terested in the work of the Coun- To, 1h6 Edor ,cil, are Invited-to join the Council in carrying out these projects by work on the Administrative Wing Committees. The best people to consult about the work that is being accom- plished by the Council are the in- dividual members.' This is an open invitation issued by one Council member, and I'm sure echoed by many, to come visit the "Ivory Tower" in the SAB and be your own judge. Who Is Nehru ? EW DELHI-Who is Nehru, now turned sey- 'enty, and easily one of the four or five olitical leaders now alive whose names will ave a meaning a century from now? (I count hurchill, Khrushchev, DeGaulle, perhaps Mao se-Tung with him.) His profile is familiar enough-the slight fig- re, the precise and delicate features, the chkan long-coat and the gaiters, the khaki ap, the scarlet rose in his buttonhole. His has been the talent for combining what eem to be contraries: West and East, socialism nd Gandhi, intellectual distinction and mass ppeal, the gullible and tfie subtle, moral earn- stness and political skill, the lion and the fox. It is this talent for the fusion of opposites 'hich has allowed him to survive in the suc- ession of roles into which his life cast him-- budent at Harrow and Cambridge, young law- er and dilettante, nationalist, Congress Party rganizer and leader of its Left wing, agitator, risoner, middle-ground arbitrator between the 'arring Congress Party. factions, head of the aterim Government, first (and thus far the rily) Prime Minister of independent India, andung Conference leader, creator of the non- ligned bloc of nations, Cold War mediator, riend and rival of Communist China, and now ngaged in a life-and-death struggle for the irvival of India in the looming shadow of a ommunist empire. S WE LOOK BACK at his life we must ask two questions. What men and events have ifiuenced him most strongly? To what extent as he learned from the blunders and sue- esses of his career? There are two people whose influence stands ut in his life-his father and Gandhi. T'here re others who have been close to him, and ho have influenced him. But it was Motilal ehru, his father, who first brought Nehru Editorial Staff THOMAS TURNER, Editor HILIP POWER ROBERT JUNKE= UStorial Director City Editor )AN KAATZ ....................Magazine Editor HARLES KOZOLL ......... ..... Personnel Director ARTON HUTHWAITE. .......Features Editor M BENAGH .. ..................... Sports Editor MLMA SAWAYA ...... Associate Personnel Director MMES BOw ........o.. PAssociate City Editor JSAN HOLTZE i.......Associate Editorial Director TER DAWSON ................Contributing Editor AXELYO ............Asocia.te -SnrtsEitor into the Indian Nationalist movement and was then pushed farther and farther toward an un- compromising position by his son's ardor. And it was Gandhi who became Nehru's second father. He brought him into touch with the Indian villager, and gave him for the first time a glimpse into the mystique of the masses and the flow of strength that sets up a circuit between leader and followers. He taught him by example, the art and uses of self-criticism. He gave him some lessons, which have not always endured, about means and ends, and how the urgency of the ends must not twist the means. And he left in his mind abidingly the idea that the, most powerful weapon a man in public life can use is the weapon of moral force. "When I am gone," Gandhi once said about Nehru in a moment of clairvoyance, "he will speak my language." Largely he does. EVERY MAN has a number of turning-points in his life. In Nehru's life my guess would be the following: The tragic massacre at Am- ritsar, in 1919, when General Dyer gave the order to shoot which killed hundreds and wounded thousands in a peaceful crowd of Indians. Two events in 1927-his role in the Anti-Imperialist Congress at Brussels, which pushed him far to the Left; and his visit to Moscow, at a time whn he was impressionable and still naive. His first experience as a street demonstrator in Kucknow, in 1928, with a rain of blows from the lathis of the police. His succession of prison terms through the 1930's, which hardened and deepened him. His recoil from the .Hindu-Moslem religious ter- rorism of the 1940's, which led to his accept- ance of Mountbatten's plan for Partition, but also made him determined that India should become a secular state. His visit to China in 1954. His leading role at the Bandung Confer- ence in 1955. Finally, the current Chinese ag- gressions which have made him a sadder man, more bowed down with burdens-and I hope a wiser one. AS NEHRU looks back, at 70, through the crowded corridors of his memory, what are his failures and successes? His greatest failure, which. he now recognizes, was to have been adamant toward Jinna's Moslem League when compromise was still possible, and then to have panicked and accepted Partition when a more iron nerve might have waited out the crisis. But this is the wisdom of hindsight. I should hate to have been in his shoes, and have had to make the decision. His other great failure can still be salvaged-- the failure to understand the nature of the ene~my in theform Aof (Commuinist- China. the~ I The Senior Column BY Charles Kozoll Generosity. . To The Editor: WHILE HOLDING a bucket and collecting money for the Fresh Air Fund this morning, I observed; a trend in action. Where generos- ity once was lauded and one tried to show his neighbor how generous he was, now the opposite seems to be the case. One tries to show how unmoved he can be. He does not want to have his neighbor see him give money to charity for fear he will be labeled a "sucker." * * * STUDENTS walking by them- selves, on the off-hours, were will- ing to give to the drive. Students in groups hardly ever donated and so little money was made at the busiest. hour-noon. Had it not been for the off- hours when students could secretly slip their coins into a bucket, and also for the many older men and younger children, who are oblivious to what others think about them, the buckets might have gone empty. Judith Reinhardt, '61 Equal Time ... To The Editor: ]'R A NUMBER of years, own- ers and representatives of broadcasting facilities have at-* tempted to get Congress to amend T E EXISTENCE of voids, be they the tangible manhole type which people can unknowingly into or the intangible variety, has bothered people since man's mind progressed up from the ape stage. Most people will allow the lack of one quantity or one conven- ience to bother them slightly, but. usually not enough to induce any positive action. A few will become irritated enough to do something -a list of the more productive and perhaps more volatile indi- viduals would include inventors, artists and political thinkers. Last summer a group of young artists at the University became annoyed because they felt that an "artistic void existed in Ann Ar- bor." With the creation of GAP, Georgeanne Pearce and her asso- ciates hoped "to have a place to show new work and new ideas be- cause other people who show old work are afraid of us." * * * THE ARTISTS who would have been presented to the public didn't have the names which draw pseudo-esthetes to the plush gal- leries. The initial collection didn't represent any one school of thought in painting but was aimed toward experimentation, diversity and originality. Efforts of the 20 relatively un- known artists weren't the types that fit into neat categories of de- scription. Rugs woven from mink, paintings made from bits of glass f*lrP t'n nrraf'k a. an a 'nriA a ,+.that their removal from the apartment on Washington St. could easily be one of those who doesn't see the reasoning behind Miss Pearce's GAP. It would be useless to discuss the building owner and also the man involved, William G. Skin- ner, who sublets the building. Other stories and other papers have adequately dealt with the political controversy around the converted apartment above a lo- cal tavern. Numbers of Ann Arbor artists have pointed out that the gallery definitely fills a cultural gap. This point is debatable; the unfortu- nate short life of the effort elim- inates any long-term evaluation which would have produced the most credible answer. * * * THE POINT to be made for Miss Pearce and her friends is that they were bothered and made the effort to correct a situation that they considered deplorable. At a stage in our society and in a University climate that is dominated by passive conform- ists, it is extremely refreshing to find people who do care enough to take action. the Federal CommunicatioIs Act so that radio and television sta- tions 'would not be required to provide equal time to the candi- dates of all political parties. Such exemptions would 1) give a mono- poly of broadcast time to the can- didates of the major parties and 2) make available for sale valu- able broadcast time which other- wise might have to be given to candidates who were entitled un- der the law to equal time. In arguing for exemptions from the equal time provisions of the Federal Communications Act, cer- tainl offigials of broadcasting sta- tions and networks assured mem- bers of Congress that' they were capable of distributing broadcast time to political candidates in a fair manner without compulsion of law. In other words, the of- ficials of broadcasting companies portrayed themselves as honorable and impartial in their manage- ment of such facilities. NOW, AT LEAST one official of a' radio and television network has admitted during the recent in- vestigation of television chicanery that the network permitted cheat- ing, canned laughter and canned applause, and misrepresentation of the spontaneous character of such interview shows as Edward R. Murrow's "Person to Person." Congress did amend the Fed- eral Communications Act as it affects political broadcasts. The exemptions are so written that a wide variety of interpretations is possible. On the basis of honesty and good judgment recently dis- played by the broadcasting in- dustry, Americans can expect to hear very little or see very little of the candidates of minor parties in the 1960 election campaign. --Ralph W. Muncy, Chairman, State Central Committee. Socialist Labor Party of Michigan Brave? . . To The Editor: THE radio reports that a man has been refused Canadian citizenship, for he will not swear to fight against his native Italy, if need"be. This is hard to under- INTERPRETING THE NEWS: 13rita in Protects Trade Inets 'By J. M. ROBERTS Associated Press News Analyst BRITAIN, France and Germany are making a determined effort to ease their differences in an at- mosphere which suggests their troubles may be more deepseated than has been apparent. British Foreign Minister Selwyn Lloyd has just visited Paris and German Chancellor Adenauer is now visiting London. In both places there has been an air of re- serve. Macmillan is trying to convince Adenauer that Britain stands just as firmly as the United States na 'ninflt* anv flflflflaenlf PAMPlA$ but it doesn't seem to be enough to be causing all the smoke. What really underlies this whole business is something not yet clearly defined, something which all of the parties are in- clined to deny exists. They would all like to wish it away as an is- sue, but cannot ignore the pres- sures which are driving them along divergent courses. * * * ADENAUER now holds the un- disputed leadership, once shared by such Frenchmen as Schuman and Jean Monnet, and Spaak of Belgium, of the European unity feeling that the continent must never be permitted to organize in any \fashion which might endan- ger her interests, and this feeling is 'beginning to show through. Britain has therefore organized the "Outer Seven" countries in an effort to maintain a balance of trade relations. .* * * BOTH SIDES deny that this represents conflict, and claim to be erecting machinery which can be mutually profitable. Trade con- cessions already have been made by the six nations of the commu- nity. ..