Prime

Minister

Denies

Rumor

CIA Director Debuni
Khrushchev 'Boasts'


Of

Missing

Officer's

Desertion'

v

7

Cuban Head
Says Major
Likely Dead
Fails To Answer
U.S. Accusations
HAVANA (A) - Cuban Prime
Minister Fidel Castro yesterday
indicated he believes his army
commander, Maj. Camilo Cien-
fuegos, crashed into the sea north
of Cuba.
He angrily denounced rumors
that the popular Cienfuegos pay
have deserted the Cuban revolu-
tion.
The Prime Minister looked grim
and haggard as he went into great
detail in a midnight television
speech to squelch widespread ru-
mors arising from Maj. Cienfue-
gos' disappearance.
The 28-year-old Army com-
mander, who was one of Castro's
closest associates from the begin-
ning of the revolution, vanished
Oct. 28 after leaving troubled
Camaguey province for a 300-mile
plane flight to Havana. No trace
of. him or his plane has ever
been found in the extensive search
directed by Castro himself.
Lambasts Americans
One of the few flashes of Cas-
tro's oldtime oratory came when
he lambasted American newsmen
for circulating reports that Cien-
fuegos might have deserted the


MINISTER REACHES 70TH YEAR:


U.S. Leads
Economics

Leader of India To Celebrate Birthday_

(EDITOR'S NOTE: One of the
world's most noted leaders cele-
brates his 70th birthday today. He
is the prime minister of India and
spokesman for nearly a fourth of
the world's population. Here is a
look at what the future holds for
the man who precariously balances
his nation between East and West.)
By WATSON SIMS
Associated Press Feature Writer
NEW DELHI (A)- The Prime
Minister of India leaned forward
at a children's rally and was sorry
to be old.
"My birthdays are chasing me
and I cannot escape them, it
seems," Jawaharlal Nehru said,
"although I would like to go away
and spend the days unmindful of
it.
'Everyone Knows'
"If anyone reminds me of my
age I do not like it. But how to
hide it? Everybody knows it.
"I will tell you a secret provided
you do not tell it to anybody. I had
decided that I would go away
somewhere without telling anyone
on that day and spend it peace-
fully and try to forget that it is
my birthday.
"It was a secret but I have told
you about it."
Only Prime Minister
Today, Nehru's seventieth birth-
day will catch up with the only
prime minister 400,000,000 Indians
have known in 12 years of inde-
pendence.
The anniversary will find Nehru
enjoying popularity among his
people probably unparalleled any-
where in the world. Millions of I
dians adore him, not only as
political leader but as a sai
Some Hindus worship him as a r,
incarnation of Vishnu the Prc
tector.
At three score and 10 years,
Nehru speaks with great prestige
in the world's councils. Leaders of
East and West respect him. The
nonaligned nations of Asia, total-
ing with India nearly a fourth of
the world's population, generally
follow him.
'Shadows' Seen
Yet there will also be shadows
over the anniversary. More than.
at any time in years, the policies
and institutions to which Nehru
ti devoted are under strain.
Friendship with Communist
China was a foundation stone of
India's foreign policy, laid by ex-
press direction of Nehru. This year
the friendship soured. The Prime
Minister's birthday finds Chinese
troops holding two sectors of In-
dan territory and claiming 40,000
square miles more.
The situation has given Nehru's
critics an opportunity to say, "I
told you so," and they have said
it over and again. Newspapers in
India are more hostile to the Prime
Minister than in past years. He has
quarreled more with the press and
his political opponents.
Impracticality Cited
Some critics claim nonalign-
ment, with which Nehru identified
himself, has been proved imprac-
tical. They say India must recon-
sider her military policies now that
Tibet has vanished as a buffer
region and Chinese troops are on
Indian soil. Even the nature of
non-alignment has become con-
troversial.
For example, Nehru had long
made clear that if trouble should

Y

arise between India and Com-
munist China, he would not expect
the little states which lie on In-
dia's side of the Himalayas to be
nonaligned.
"Much as we appreciate the in-
dependence of Nepal," Nehru said
eight years ago, "we cannot allow
anything to go wrong in Nepal or
permit that barrier (the Hima-
layas) to be crossed or weakened
because that would be a threat to
our own security."
Wall Breached
When this year the Himalayan
wall was breached in India itself,
Nepal made clear it wanted no
part of the quarrel.
Even the Tibetan border state
of Bhutan, though in some respects
a protectorate of India, seemed to
want nonalignment. Some Bhu-
tanese talked of membership in
the United Nations.
In the face of adversities, Nehru
said India would defend her soil if
necessary. But he pledged India
would continue a policy of non-
alignment and coexistence because
the principles involved did not de-
pend upon treaties with China.
Stands on Principle
"They stand by themselves as
principles which we hold to be cor-
rect," he said. "We shall hold on
to them even if all the world says
'no' to them. When people are
wise enough they will come back
to these principles."
More than ever during 1959,
political observers have professed
to see cracks in the National Con-
gress, a juggernaut of the public
opinion and endeavor that drove
the British from India and re-
mained to overshadow Indian poli-
tics..
Mahatma Gandhi was among
many Indians who felt the Con-
gress should disband when inde-
pendence was achieved. Such ob-
servers felt the Congress, being
spread from left to right over the
political spectrum, could not func-
tion as a political' instrument.
Held Party Together
Yet Nehru, more than any other
man, kept the Congress together
to dominate India's first two elec-
tions. When his only daughter,
Mrs. Indira Gandhi, took over
presidency of the Congress this

year, she called for dissident Con-
gressmen to join up-rather than
split up.
But there now are many, signs
of stress. In most of India's 14
states the Congress is split into
"in" and "out" factions. The outs
quarrel constantly with the ins,
complaining over the manner in
which they operate state govern-
ments.
In a half dozen cases the quar-
rels are serious enough to cause
fear that the states involved might
fall to other parties when the third
national elections roll around in
1961. It was dissension such as this
that helped the Communists win
control of Kerala in the last elec-
tions.
New Party Rises
In Nehru's 70th year came the
rise of a new political organiza-
tion, the Swatantra (Freedom)
Party to challenge the Congress.
Led by C. Rajagopalachari, India's
first Governor General and once
a colleague of Nehru's, the Swa-
tantra Party aimed its fire directly
at the Prime Minister, particularly
at his economic policies. The

charge was "statism" and preoc-
cupation with socialism.
Like friendship with China, this
is a matter near to Nehru's heart.
Time and again, Nehru has enun-
ciated his basic economic philos-
ophy.,
Roughly, it is this:
India is too poor to afford the
trial and error of capitalism; there
must be a plan to channel and
control endeavor. There iAust be
state ownership of enterprises with
which the state can compete with
private ownership on even terms.
But Nehru rejects Communism be-
cause it condones violence and
denies the rights of the individual.
'New Direction' Needed
Somewhere between East and
West, Nehru says, India must
"give a new direction to educa-
tion and evolve a new type of hu-
manity."
Swatantra leaders call this
"fuzzy idealism," and say no such
humanity will emerge. Some big
businessmen, who heretofore have
had little option but to back the
Congress, appear to agree.

Competition
WASHINGTON OP) - The top
United States intelligence special-
ist yesterday downrated as, propa-
ganda distortions some of Premier
Nikita S. Khrushchev's boasts of
giant economic strides by Russia.
What's more, Allen W. Dulles
told a Senate-House Economic
Subcommittee, evidence indicates
Khrushchev's first-hand look at
the United States shattered his
illusions about overtaking United
States industrial production in the
next 10 years.
But at the same time Dulles,
director of the Central Intelligence
Agency, testified the Russian eco-
nomic drive must be taken seri-
ously. He said the United States
lead, while still substantial, will
be narrowed dangerously by 1970
unless this country pushes ahead
its industrial expansion at a faster
pace.
Communists Lag
"The Communists are not about
to inherit the world economically,"
Dulles said in his prepared state-
ment.
"But while we debunk the dis-
tortions of their propaganda, we
should face up to the very sobering
implications of the Soviet eco-
nomic program and the striking
progress they have made over the
last decades . ."
Dulles gave this assessment in a
statement prepared for his first
public appearance before a Con-
gressional committee. Normally, he
testifies in private for security rea-
sons.
Chief Notes Gap
While there is a considerable
gap between the over-all United
States and Russian economies, the
intelligence chief said, "Their
military effort, in terms of value,
is roughly comparable to our own
-a little less in terms of hardware
produced but substantially more in
terms of manpower under arms."
Dulles dismissed as a "gross ex-
aggeration" a Khrushchev predic-
tion that the Russian people will
enjoy the world's highest living
standard by 1970.
Dulles said the Soviet public still
fares very badly in comparison
with ours.
"From . . . evidence before- us
we do not believe that Mr.
Khrushchev left the U. S." with
an illusion of Soviet supremacy,
he said.

Of Withdrawal Necessities'

WASHINGTON OP)-The Pen-
tagon yesterday discounted re-
ports that the Air Force has said
a budget spending limit would
force withdrawal of three or four
fighter bomber units from NATO
defenses of Western Europe.
A Defense Department spokes-
man, -asked about the published
reports, (New York Times) said
that in preparing the military
budget for the coming fiscal year
"a major concern is the continued
maintenance of the effective
strength of NATO."
He called the report of the Air
Force proposal "completely spec-
ulative."
Claims No Proposal
An Air Force spokesman said
no such proposal has been sub-
mitted in the current budget-
making discussions.

Gen. Lauris Norstad, North At-
lantic Treaty Organization su-
preme commander, and also an
American Air Force officer, has
repeatedly cautioned Washington
against sudden or drastic cut-
backs in American air or ground
strength in Europe.
Such action, it is contended,
would encourage other NATO
member nations to cut their own
forces - a possibility against
which Norstad has been fighting.
Based on Power
Military strength of United
States forces in Europe - as else-
where - is based on potential
striking power, not necessarily
numerical strength of specific
types of forces.
This explanation leaves open
the possibility that at some later
time it might be decided that new
missile weapons could provide the
same firepower now available in
manned jet bombers.

FIDEL CASTRO
... addresses Cubans

revolution or had been kidnaped
or murdered as asresult of political
intrigues in Castro's own revolu-
tionary movement.
That done, he failed to give his
people a fill-in on situations which
they had expected after a 17-day
lapse in his television appearances.
They had expected he would
detail Cuba's answer to accusa-
tions by the United States govern-
ment that his regime is destroying
traditional Cuban-American
friendship. They had hoped he
would clear up rumors that three
or four cabinet ministers were
about to resign or be removed, and
that he would designate a suc-
cessor to Maj. Cienfuegos. They
were disappointed.
Neglects Answer
The bearded premier did not
discuss Cuba's formal answer -
delivered yesterday-to two Uriited,
States notes. One complained of
attacks on the United ,States, and
another protested against a pam-
phlet by the Ministry of State
charging the American govern-
ment permitted planes to bomb
and machine-gun Havana.
Castro said the United States
had failed to prove that planes
from the United States had not
bombed and machine-gunned Ha-
vana. Castro reported two persons
were killed and 50 wounded in a
raid by Maj. Pedro Diaz Lanz,
former Castro Air Force com-
mander.
One Cuban, long a supporter of
Castro, said his net impression of
the speech was that Castro "is un-
happy and worried." He acted like
a man who needs to sit down for a
long time to get his thoughts to-
gether, the witness reported.
a Swingline
Stapler no
bigger than a
pack of gum!
98
(tcuding
I0DDOstaphts )

Second Front Page
November 14, 1959 Page 3

%af n n nN 'IL - .ilt- I (/(,a.
poO*

E

i

I

HOLIDAY WHIRL
NOV. 17 and 19
7:30
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l 1

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L.N.
Dear L.N.: I would call you seldom.

i 1
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