i

Seventieth Year


ON TOUR:
Khrushchev Tough
Effective Leader

a Opinions Are Free
ith Will Preval"t

EDITED ANT) MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
STUbENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241

Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.

X, SEPTEMBER 18, 1959

NIGHT EDITOR: THOMAS HAYDEN


NSA and Students ..
Retreat To 'Responsibility'

"RESPONSIBILITY" was the big word at this
y ear's National Student Congress.
Overconcern with "responsibility" led to a
nine-hour debate on a resolution .encouraging
distribution of information on nuclear testing.
Overconcern with "responsibility" led to pass-
age of meaningless amendments which 'diluted
important policy statements.
Overconcern with "responsibility" prevented
election of .the best candidate as NSA president.
In short, overconcern with "responsibility" ism
the biggest factor keeping NSA's performance
so far below, its potential.
AMENDMENT of the Freedom of the Student
Press resolution provides a good example of
the word-worship NSA now practices.
A section reading:
"That it is the duty and aim of the student
press to develop and serve its community and
to cultivate freedom of expression, stimulation
of thought and response in the community. This
must be done as its editors believe just and fit-
ting within their individual concepts of news-
paper ethics; Editors should bear full responsi-
bility for their opinions and decisions;" came
to the congress from the Student Editorial Af-
fairs Conference.
This was amended on the plenary floor "to
read "within their responsible concepts of news-
paper ethics," even though another entire see-
tion of the press freedom resolution deals with
the responsibilities of editors.'
Discussion in favor of this amendment dealt
only with the undeniable but irrelevant point
that editors should be responsible.
Debate against made two valid points: first,
that responsibility is well-treated in the other"
section referred to; and second, that saying the
editors must have "responsible concepts" of
journalism provides unfriendly administrations
with a ready means of censorship by subdective
criteria.
' IMTLARL the resolution on Aims of Edu-
cation was subjected to a barrage of amend-
ments, some of which were voted 'down.
A delegate from Yale objected to the phrase
"American colleges lack devotion to the in-
tellect, a sense of dedication and a profound
respect for the education which the student
should be pursuing." His school was devoted, he
said, and he proposed the .amendment "Most
American colleges . . .
A delegate from Lehigh rose to suggest an
amendment to the amendment, reading, "With
the notable exception of Yale University, Ameri-
can colleges ....'
And the original amendment was laughed
down.

But other amendments such as "in some
,cases", crept into the resolution, and an entire
section on the profound respect NSA has for
teachers was grafted on.
THIS SAME sort of logic apparently went into
the enormous reluctance of the plenary
body to consider dissemination of information.
on nuclear testing a concern of a student asso-
ciation.
Debate actually hinged not on the validity of
this concern but on a constitutional restriction
confining NSA to matters dealing with "stu-
dents in their role as students."
So passage on the nuclear testing resolution
represented a step in the right direction, forcing
a broader definition of the word "student" upon
NSA.
LOOKING BACK on this debate, only one
reason stands out for the average delegate's
reluctance to stretch the constitutional clause.
Responsibility has been equated with respecta-
bility, and students who feel vaguely foolish
legislating on weighty matters are retreating
behind the constitutional question.
- Retreat is also an accurate description of the
election for president.
Three candidates were running, one of whom
had the support of only a small minority of the
body.
The other two differed widely in approach.
Curt Gans of the University of North, Carolina
spoke on a need for a revival of the "messianic
zeal" which characterized NSA right after the
war.
Don Hoffman of Wisconsin, on the other'
hand, told the plenary he favpred going "back
to the campus" with NSA programming.'
"rPHAT HOFFMAN is so darned safe," a stu-
dent from Kansas said. He pointed out that
Hoffman had avoided speaking on either side
during the nine-hour debate on nuclear testing.
"Curt Gans scares me a little," a girl from
Florida said. "He's so intense.":
Hoffman was elected on the first ballot, re-
ceiving more votes than Gans and the other
candidate together. Gans was subsequently
elected National Affairs Vice-President. And an
interesting tug of war for the next year thus.
is shaping up.
THIS CAUTIOUS concern with responsibility
is far from being a characteristic of NSA
congresses alone.
An interesting parallel to the automatic
'safe" positions so often taken during the NSA
congress came up when American students went
to Cuba under Operation Friendship.
Many reacted instinctively against the en-
thusiastic University of Havana students, and
leaned toward the worldly "moderates" at Villa
Nueva.
Often, the objections raised to the govern-
ment of Fidel Castro seemed to stem not from
objection to specific procedures but to the radi-
cal nature of the revolution in general.
This Inflexibility and cautiousness proved a
bigger barrier to international understanding
than the ethnic and language differences be-
tween the United States and Cuba.
-THOMAS TURNER
Editor

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By PHILIP POWER
Editorial Director
NJIKITA Khrushchev is now wan-
d e r i n g around the United
States pretty much like any other
bourgeois tourist, except that his
retinue is fancier than usual. Aside
from giving Mr. K a VIP's-eye
view of selected parts of the counp
try, it is doubtful whether any re-
sults of the visit will become ap-
parent for some time.,
However, the very fact 'that
Khrushchev is visiting the country
and that President Eisenhower
will be returning the call soon has
some importance. At the now-for-
gotten Geneva Foreign Ministers'
Conference, the United States held
that the prerequisite for a summit
conference was a solution to the
,West Berlin problem, coupled with
some guarantees to the West that
the solution would be a lasting one.
This position has in effect been
reversed by Khrushchev's visit
here, as his talks with Eisenhower
amount to little more than a sum-
mit conference, and the Russians
have failed to make any signifi-.
cant moves toward a solution of
the Berlin situation.
~* ,* *
KHUSHCHEV'S own idea of the
purpose of the exchanges is that
"Agreement between the, great
powers is the best guarantee that
peace will be safeguarded, not only
for big countries but also for small
countries."'
And if one thing can be said to
characterize the current tour, it is
the overriding concern with the
necessity of peace.
The Russian leader is expected
to propose a new disarmament

plan when he speaks to the Unit
Nations General Assembly, a3
yesterday he warned that a Wor
War III "would cover the ear
with ashes and graves."
Khrushchev' and the Preside
will have more specific issues
discuss at the end of the vis
Khrushchev wants to conclude
German peace treaty, which wou
involve some sort of settlement c
West Berlin.
Khrushchev so far has been a
ticulate and effective in expoun
ing the Russian position on the
and other issues, and American r
action to him seems to be one
grudging respect - with excel
tions. It's too bad Congress ran o
of Washington before Khrushch
could address it.
THINGS have certainly changt
in Russia. Stalin or Malenk
would have never submitted
questioning Khrushchev took
the National Press Club. And, oz
is tempted to feel, they wouldi
have done so well.
Khrushchev came, here main
because he felt that his invasic
of the American publicity med
would. be some sort of person
triumph in the propaganda battl
How serious he'is about somethir
concrete coming of his talks wit
President Eisenhower is less ce
tain.
More definite is the fact that tl
President had better get his Mad
son Avenue friends cracking if I
wants to make a good showing
the return match of person
"competitive co-existence" wit
Khrushchev.

I


With the News
by RobeetJunker


A st!

A STATEMENT recently attributed to Nikita
Khrushchev on his tour through the United
States offers an interesting insight into the
Russian diplomatic mentality.
"We have a saying in Russia," Khrushchev
said, "that repetition is the mother of knowl-
edge."

This explains a lot.

P.P. *

Bias Clauses Again

MICHIGAN STATE University
deserves applause - loud and
long.
In the race to see which of the
state's giant universities could
open the best branch college this
year, MSU with its Oakland Coun-
ty unit appears far ahead of the
University's own Dearborn Center.
Both college newcomers will be
semi-autonomous and will feature
rather- bold new approaches to
higher education. It'sJust that in
the process somewhere along the
way, the two schools interchanged
their values, and the University
values adopted by MSU-O are by
far the superior.
MSU-O will open with a class
of about 500 this month. Like the
Dearborn Center, this class will
consist of commuters. Both schools
occupy choice locations - MSU-O
has the 1,800 acre Meadowbrook
estate given by the Alfred G. Wil-
sons, while the University Center
has Henry Ford's Fair Lane es-
tate. MSU has added 200 acres to
its original donation through pur-
chase and claims enough land is
available for eventual expansion
to a size of 25,000 or more.
* * 4
MSU-O WILL $E a four-year,
primarily liberal arts institution,
while the Dearborn Center is a
Junior and senior level institution
with primary emphasis on engi-
neering and business administra-
tion. But MSU-O is not a tradi-
tional liberal arts college, at least
as far as experience in state-sup-
ported education is concerned.
The MSU branch will attempt
to extract certain "u n i v e r s a 1
education as shown at Oxford or
truths" from British advanced
Cambridge. The student will be
primarily on his own. Loren B.
Pope, assistant to the MSU-O
Chancellor, shocked some Detroit
area residents with his comment,
"We will make our professors as
dispensable as possible, consider-
ing them less as teachers than as
resource persons. If we could, we
wouldabolish all faculty rank."
The branch plans to subordin-
ate large lecture sections to small
group discussions, even suggest-
ing that these take place in the
homes of faculty members. Writ-
ten assignments will be stressed,
periodic exams will be down-
played. 'Technical courses will be
kept to a minimum.
Extensive liberal arts work, at
least half the elected hours, will
be required of all students, includ-
ing those in engineering science
(MSU-O will offer no straight en-
gineeing 'degree) and business
administration.
* * *
ALMOST ALL students must
take a foreign language, and
MSU-O is stressing Russian. All
the language teachers are foreign
born native speakers. All students
must also take one year of study
in the people and cultures of Asia,
Africa and South America.
According to Chancellor Dur-
wadrr B Varner. the "nnive'rsal

STATE OF THE STATE:
Cures Sought
To Lansing Troubles
By THOMAS HAYDEN
Daily Staff Writer
IT WOULD BE pleasant to forget Michigan politics in 1959, and one
ordinarily could, for the legislative session usually ends in early
summer.
This wasn't the case this year. The legislators resume business
this week, after an 18-day rest, their longest since the present session
began in January.
Things usually done by the Legislature in the spring are still un-
done. And they most complex of these things.- a settlemnent of the
tax fight - is not only still undone but becoming more complex by
the day.
*4* *
PAUL ADAMS, the Democratie Attorney General, told the state
Supreme Court Tuesday that the one-cent use tax increase, key to the
$129 million tax package passed Aug. 29, is unconstitutional.
Adams claims that the use tax is no more than a thinly-disguised
sales tax. As such, he contends; the tax violates the state Constitution,
which places a three-cent limit on the sales tax.
If he' can prove his ppint, the use tax increase would have to be
rejected, and the legislators would once more be looking for new tax
plans.
Ironically, they might be forced to adopt some form of personal
income tax, which Democrats supported for six months before giving
up, and which Republicans regard as anathema.
What makes the situation confused is the strong. possibility that
the constitutionality of the tax may not be decided by wholly judicial
means. The State Supreme Court is predominantly Democratic, and
could be much inclined to junk the use tax increase, which would start
the heated bickering again.
* * *
THE ENTIRE DEBATE has been to an amazing extent a personal
feud between a liberal ambitious governor and a core of conservative
resentful Republicans. Both sides hurled blind invectives, bordering
sometimes .on hate, which is no climate where equitable tax programs
flourish.
Even this would have been tolerable if the Legislature had finally
come up with something solid in the form of taxes., But they didn't.
Instead they came up with something quite intolerable and inadequate.
The use tax increase merely burdens those who are least able to
pay - the low-income, large-family groups. And in a recession,.-when
tax returns are needed desperately, the sales tax returns will steadily
diminish,
SO THE BASIC PROBLEM remains: how to build a tax framework
which will provide enough money to operate the government of a large,
free-spending state, and at the same time 1) overcome the iniquities
of partisan politics and 2) eradicate taxes which unfairly cripple lower
income families (or which may over-burden business and industry).
All this adds up to a problem which might send pessimists over the
brink.
But there are some - few is a better term - elements working
which might someday clean out the mess and put Michigan on an
even keel.
There was the Citizen's Committee on Taxation, directed by- Uni-
versity Professor Harvey Brazer, which did such an intelligent and un-
biased job in recommending a tax program last fall that virtually all
its suggestions were thrown out by the Legislature. Still, the committee
did operate, and others of its kind are possible.

FACULTY OFFICE BLDG.: WILL ITS PHILOSOPHY HOLD TRUE? 

NEARLY EVERY fall in recent years, the
question of fraternity bias clauses attracts
attention in the press and on college campuses.
This year, for example, newspapers reported
that Sigma Phi Epsilon voted to remove from
its constitution, bylaws and ritual all member-
ship restrictions on race and creed. The Wes-
leyan University chapter of Sigma Chi an-
nounced its withdrawal from the national or-
ganization because the parent group had re-
fused to remove "discriminatory clauses" from
the national constitution. And the University
of California Regents have withdrawn recog-
nition of fraternities and sororities having
membership rules which discriminate on a
basis of race, religion or national origin.
A vocal group within the fraternity system
decries this annual pattern. Fraternities are
being denied their right as private organiza-
tions to choose their memberships, they claim.
This argument would be valid if Sig Ep had
passed a resolution saying that all Sig Ep
chapters must have Negroes, Jews and Asiatics

In it. Or if the California Regents had de-
manded that every fraternity on its campuses
proportionally represent all racial, religious
and national groups at that campus.
BUT NEITHER the Sig Ep national nor the
California Regents did this. The intent and
effect of both actions was not to force the
local chapters to do anything. Individual fra-
ternity members can still blackball a rushee
for personal reasons - even if this reason is
based on prejudice.
Sig Ep chapters and all fraternities on Uni-
versity of California campuses from now on
will be given more freedom of choice - there
are now no types of rushee that must be cate-
gorically rejected.
The attack on bias clauses has a broader sig-
nificance however. It is a necessary step in the
effort to create a freer, more tolerant atmos-
phere on the college campus. It is not a radical
step; it is a small step. Its objectives are not
revolutionary; they are modest.
-JAMES SEDER

emerging seriously as an educa-
tional philosophy leader.
The University traditionally has
been known primarily as a haven
of liberal education.'" It has had
strong engineering, medical and
other curriculums outside the
"liberal arts," but has probably
never been considered a technical
school in the sense that MSU has,
e. g., the "cow college" label as
one expression of MSU's technical
nature has no University counter-
part.
NOW THE Dearborn Center.
This unit, which opens this month,
will have nothing like MSU-O's
500 enrollment -, 100 is much
closer. Both' branches claim equal-
ly high admissions requirements.
The Dearborn Center will not
even offer a liberal arts program
this year.
The liberal arts curriculum was
apparently considered the most
expendable with the Dearborn
Center's "minimal" o p e r a t i n g
budget forcing curriculum cuts.
Engineering and business admin-
istration will be offered this year,
however.
The Center will offer the unique
"work-study program" where in
alternating three-month quarters,
students will attend classes at the
Center and then receive jobs in
industry keyed to the educational
program.
The work-study program is new,
and interesting. It should be valu-
hle in tehnical reducatinn which

MSU-O will almost revolution-'
ize teacher training, too. Courses
teaching students how to be
teachers will be virtually elimin-
ated; teaching practice begins in
the sophomore year and continues
until graduation. Teachers will
thus have practical experience,
and time to learn subject matter
rather than now to put the pre-
viously unlearned subject matter.
across to students.
This MSU-O scheme of well-
rounded education, a revamped
curriculum and elimination of
technical courses, is valuable to
the student who may well find his
technical training outmoded upon
graduation, but the "universal
truths" still much in evidence.
With admission standards as
high as those of the University
and higher than those of its own
parent school, with 24 out of 25
of its new faculty having PhD's,
with a revamped curriculum and
new emphasis, MSU-Q may well
grow into the state's outstanding
school in the coming decades.
The Dearborn Center probably
will find itself one of the most ex-
pensive experiments in trade
school education since . . . Well,
since old MSU itself.

f

f £imtigaut Bail. New Books at the Library

Editorial Staff
THOMAS TURNER, Editor
PHILIP POWER E' O ROBERT JUNKER,
Editorial Director City Editor
CHARLES KOZOLL .............. Personnel Director
JOAN KAATZ.. .«,....«...... Magazine. Editor
BARTON H UTHWAIE............. Features Editor
JIM BENAGH ...................... Sports Editor
SELMA SAWAYA ...... Associate Personnel Director
JAMES BOW .................Associate City Editor
SUSAN HOLTZER ........ Associate Editorial Director
fli.mtmn fT1 UUA'. t _af.'r «,t.. .t... -- - ... --

Markis, John N. - The Silent Investigators.
The great untold story of the United States
postal inspection service; N.Y., E. P. Dutton &
Co., 1959.
Packard, Vance - The Status Seekers: An
exploration of class behavior in America and
the hidden barriers that effect you, your com-
munity, your' future; N.Y., David McKay Co.,
1959.

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