0 4 Ath a Batt
Seventieth Year
- - __EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSrrY OF MICHIGAN
"When Opinions Are Free UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
Truth Wil Prevail" STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
"Did You Fellows Get All the News from Paris?"
TO AVOM CRISIS
Plight of Education
Prompts Public Survey
By SANDRA JOHNSON
Daiy staff Writer
"H[IGHER EDUCATION in the United States is not in an easy
or comfortable position," social scientists at the Survey Research
Center pointed out recently.
"The war-time baby boom and the growing emphasis on higher edu-
cation will more than double the number of students seeking admis-
sion to our colleges and universities within the next decade," Rensis
Likert, director of the Institute for Social Research, said.
"The handling of the growing student population and the securing
of adequate financial support "are problems that must be solved
if the United States is to avoid an educational crisis, the social scien-
tists warn.
* * *
PARENTS AND STUDENTS alike are going to become upset if de-
serving young people are denied a college education becausse there is
no room. "The large state-supported universities, deriving their sup-
JNDAY, MAY 22, 1960
NIGHT EDITOR: MICHAEL BURNS
OBSERVATION POINT
iF REDUCED to its essentials, the University
of Michigan can be most truly described
as a school possessing quality within diversity.
These two traits are deeply interrelated.
Academically, the University is outstanding
because it has within it the scope and diversity
required of any great school. On the other
hand, the University is diverse partly because
it is great. Only a superior institution could
draw from all parts of the world the largest
foreign student body of any school in America.
These two traits are deeply interrelated. Aca-
demically, the University is outstanding because
it has within it the scope and diversity required
of any great school. On the, other hand, the
University is diverse partly because it is great.
Only a superior institution could draw from all
parts of the world the largest foreign student
body of any school in America.
But the educational quality and far-reaching
variety which the University gives to her stu-
dents are not necessarily assets alone. For both
the coin of academic superiority and that of
overall diversity present two faces. Depending
on the spirit in which they are taken and how
they are used by the student, they can either
be an asset or liability to him, both during his
stay at the, University and in his future life.
FIRST FOR academic quality. It is obvious
that the educational excellence in intel-
lectual training and in human understanding
that students receive from the University is an
asset to them. Accomplished teachers and
scholars, excellent library and laboratory facil-
ities and carefully constructed curricula have
all combined at Michigan to the end of a
superior university education. Because of it,
University students are not only more effective.
within society today, but also reap the personal
benefits of the wide-ranging yet disciplined
understanding of themselves and their environ-
ment that are the hallmarks of the educated
man.
But a quality education can have, another,
more snobbish face-one that is hardly an
asset to its owner. For both Michigan and
Michigan students realize they are good. They
are better educated in fact than most Ameri-
cans today.
It is this realization of superiority, if allowed
to get out of hand, that can split the college
student off from the wider community of his
fellow men. The student who takes his super-
iority in the wrong way may become an intol-
erant egghead in the worst sense, and then
may withdraw into his personal ivory tower,
occasionally deigning to lean out to sneer at
the rest of the supposedly uneducated world.
I happen to know a Michigan co-ed, now long
graduated, who has had a miserable home be-
cause she is more interested in reading Des-
cartes than in caring for her children. This
is, of course, an extreme example, but similar
ones are often all too true.
Our age has been called one of "the betrayal
of the intellectuals," and recently has been
characterized by witch hunts largely directed
against intellectuals in American society. Such
things, of course, cannot be condoned. But the
college student, and future "intellectual" in
American society, might well wonder whether
a degree of snobbishness unjustified by his
real worth may be at bottom a contributing
factor in such outbursts.
0LOOK NOW at the coin labelled diversity.
As with academic quality, variety at Michi-
gan may either be an asset or a liability to
the student.
On one side of the coin, the great diversity
of Michigan contributes to the excellent edu-
cation she gives. It is present in the boy from
New York City who has sat in a Great Books
class and argued about the Iliad with a girl
from the Upper Penninsula, who went to high
school in a one-room schoolhouse. It has been
given to the English major who has joined a
graduate mathematics student in a discussion
of modern poetry, along with a medical stu-
dent from India.
In the complexity of 17 schools and colleges
and numberless departments which make up
the University today, lies the necessary ground-
work for what the English poet Robert Graves
(in The White Goddess) has called the capac-
ity for "'the graceful relation of all varities of
experience to a central humane system of
Editorial Staff
THOMAS TURNER, Editor
. . . Philip Power I
thought," a capacity that distinguishes the
truly educated man from the barbarian.
BUT THE COIN of diversity has its other
face. The very variety and size which make
Michigan a great university can also become
a serious liability to its students. For a com-
mon response to the often overwhelming in-
tricacy of Michigan is for the student to retreat
into the familiar, the small, the easily under-
standable.
The English major who knows nothing-and
cares less-about zoology; the girl who, when
asked whom she dated the previous evening,
answers with a groan "only an engineer;" the
extracurricular activities man who only associ-
ates with the other members of his inbred
clique. Students such as these may well turn
away from the full world in which they must
eventually live. By gradually denying their
involvement in the wider human community,
by restricting their activitiesand interests only
to their bridge club or to their business associ-
ates, such students reject the real meaning of
their education at Michigan for the narrow
satisfaction of a limited life. To such students,
the diversity Michigan has given is little more
than a liability.
IN ALL HER activities, then, the University
has given her students the raw materials
for a full meaningful life as truly educated
men and women. But if misused, these same
qualities can result in a student who lives a
life of snobbery and withdrawal. Whether we
who are students use what the University has
given us as assets or liabilities is largely up to
us and to our own personal insight. This is
the challenge of education-a challenge we
shall face all our lives.
What is the ideal use of these things? A hard
question, and such a personal one that one
cannot give a definite answer, for we all have
our own favorites. My own is that written by
William Johnson Cory, a master at Eton in
England during the 19th century.
He wrote: "At school you are not engagedj
so much in acquiring knowledge as in makingj
mental efforts under criticism. A c e r t a i n
amount of knowledge you can indeed with
average faculties acquire so as to retain, nor
need you regret the hours you spend on much
that is forgotten, for the shadow of lost
knowledge at least protects you from many
illusions.
"But you go to a great school not so much
for knowledge as for arts and habits; for the
habit of attention, for the art of expression,
for the art of assuming at a moment's notice
a new intellectual position, for the art of en-
tering quickly into another person's thoughts,
for the habit of submitting to censure and
refutation, for the art of indicating assent or
dissent in graduated terms, for the habit of
regarding minute points of accuracy, for the
art of working out what is possible in a given
time, for taste, for discrimination, for mental
courage and mental soberness."
SUCH QUALITIES are not cold, impersonal
techniques to be absorbed from books, for
they are not subject to reduction into print.
Rather they are intensly human, and can be
learned only from other human beings who
possess them in full measure.
This is why the student does not remember
long after the completion of a course the
specific bits of information he has crammed
down, too often in a last-minute rush before
an examination.
The student remembers instead the indi-
vidual teachers under whom he has studied
-as human beings. This is because only
through their personal examples can the arts
and habits of an educated man-the most im-
portant results of an education-be made real
to him. It is only through emulation and sin-
cere affection for such men that students can
hope to acquire the arts and habits of an edu-
cated man which such teachers possess in full
measure.
And only such men possess the sine qua non
of a great teacher: the ability to make subject
material take on a personal meaning and in-
terest for the student, and to inspire in him
the desire to continue learning.
IN MY OWN experience at the University, I
have been fortunate in encountering many
such men-men who have made the learning
process at Michigan meaningful and exciting
for me.
Dean James Robertson, James Meisel, Pal-
mer Throop, George Cameron, Paul Alexander,
Arthur Benavie, Andrew DeRocco, Arthur
Eastman, Kenneth Boulding. Only such men
can make the University a place of vast ex-
citement and terrific meaning for its students.
For in the last analysis, the University
stands or falls on her human resources. With-
port from public taxation, will
necessarily be more extensively
- affected by this public reaction."
-x'"To avoid friction, misunder-
standing and criticism, the ad-
ministrators of our institutions
must understand the viewpoints
b .Mof the public who financially sup--
-. port the schools; and the tax-
payers must understand the ac-
tions, policies, and needs of edu-
cational institutions.
TO MEET this need the Survey
Research Center has proposed
that it carry on "a study designed
to discover what people know, or
do not know, about higher educa-
rx °- ? tion and how they feel about edu-
U cational institutions and their
various f u n c t i o n s, policies and
products."
From this data the administra-
m;:s tors would be made aware of what
the public regards as the best
means and sources for future fi-
nancial support. This study would
also provide practical information.
- - . on factors affecting future college
Q E+T.40. tS4KOM ver ' wenrollments and attitudes towards
the policies of the institutions.
UNIVERSITY FACES PRESSURES:
Tuition Increases Reasonable,
By THOMAS HAYDEN
Daily Staff Writer
ALL THE interacting strains of
the University's ambition to
expand facilities along with the
state's persistent financial troubles
led to Friday's justifiable deci-
sion to raise tuition for all stu-
dents.
Since World War II the Uni-
versity has increased geographi-
cally, particularly through large-
scale development at North Cam-
pus, Flint and Dearborn. A par-
allel increase in its financial
needs has of course ensued.
Those needs have expanded
more rapidly than the state's
ability to meet them. Especially
in the last three years, Michigan's
money troubles have intensified
the University's own financial--
and consequently, academic -
needs. In particular it has seen
frightening departures from its
teaching staff, because of better
salary offers elsewhere.
* * * *
IN 1957 the University raised
its tuition fees to help meet its
needs. In that year legislators de-
manded that the state schools pay
their fair share of the bill for edu-
cation.
For the past several weeks,
many observers have seen a simi-
lar situation emerging, ever since
it became abundantly clear that
legislators were not going to ap-
propriate the amount of money
the University insisted was the
absolute minimum for its 1960-
61 operating expenses.
Finally, the legislature pulled
an interesting, if not praiseworthy,
political move, by appropriating
a. University operating budget
slightly higher than the budget
for the last fiscal year, but not
quite meeting the "absolute mini-
mum" requested.
HENCE, THE Legislature re-
ceived some favorable recognition
for the increase it did provide,
and at the same time got the
tuition increase it wanted the
University to contribute.
The University always has been
opposed in principle to tuition
increases.
The early constitutions of the
midwestern states foresaw an edu-
cational system reaching from
the elementary through university
levels "where tuition shall be
gratis and equally open to all."
Such has been the general case
through the first twelve grades.
No tuition is leveled, on the theory
that the education provided its of
general benefit to the state.
THE PUBLIC mind, however,
has not yet recognized the similar
general value of university train-
ing.
In the course of time the public
mind will perhaps change. Until
it does the University will have to
charge a certain fee to those
wishing to learn. In other words,
while tuition increases are philo-
sophically questionable, they were
in this case a practical necessity;
this was the essential considera-
tion of the majority of the Re-
gents who decided to boost both
charges $255 (instate) and $555
(outstate). Wayne State, a metro-
politan school trying to become
cosmopolitan, accordingly charges
$276 (instate) and only $300 (out-
state).
MSU has still not revealed its
intentions regarding fall tuition
fees, but rumors suggest the in-
stitution opposes any increases for
instaters, but may add to the
tuition burden of the outstate stu-
dents. Wayne on the other hand
may raise neither.
The difference between instate
and outstate fees has weighty
ramifications for the whole state,
and especially this University.
Considerable sentiment has been
generated against outstate stu-
dents on the grounds that tax
money of Michigan residents
should not be used for the bene-
fits of students from other states
whose families do not pay taxes
in Michigan.
* * *
SOME LEGISLATORS and many
citizens have even used the label
"foreigners" to describe the out-
stater.
Others have been willing to
raisehoutstate fees here because
the high rates charged Michigan
students attending eastern schools
amount to "unfair barriers." This
kind of condition has irritated
more than one Regent and ad-
ministrator.
At the Board meeting Friday,
Regents M u rp hy and McInally
voted against any hike in instate
fees, and Mrs. Murphy suggested
openly that outstate fees should
be considerably higher, as much
as $810 a year.
* * *
IT IS IMPORTANT to remem-
her such ideas have been generated
in a large and serious context-
what what has been glibly re-
ferred to as the "baby boom."
That boom-the raising numbers
of students clambering to get into
American colleges-has now be-
come frightening in its demand
for immediate attention.
For example, it is quite likely
that the University could close
its doors to all dutstaters - now
DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of The Univer-
sity of Michigan for which The
Michigan Daily assumes no edi-
torial responsibility. Notices should
be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to
Room 3519 Adminsitration Build-
ing, before 2 p.m. two days preced-
ing publication. Notices for Sunday
Daily due at 2:00 p.m. Friday.
SUNDAY,,MAY 22, 1960
VOL. LXX, No. 174
General Notices
Attention June Graduates: College of
Literature, Science, and the Arts, School
of Education, School of Music, School of
Public Health, and School of Business
Administration:Students are advised
not to request grades of I or X in June.
When such grades are absolutely im-
perative, the work mus be made up in
numbering three in every ten stu-
dents here-and still: be forced
to raise its admissions standards
to cope with the surging crowd of
instate residents seeking admis-
sion. It is possible that the level,
of intelligence of the undergradu-
ate body would now remain the
same even without a single stu-
dent present from outside this
state.
Many who know this, and are
additionally aware that the Uni-
versity's first obligation is to in-
struct the residents of Michigan,
have adopted one of two opinions:
either the University doesn't need
outstaters any longer, or the Uni-
versity needs outstaters but should
force them to pay heavily.
NEITHER ARGUMENT is en-
couraging.
The first totally subverts the
University's traditional commit-
ment to preserve a fundamental
heterogeniety among its student
body. That commitment has been
not only characteristic of the Uni-
versity's peculiar quality, but an
essential contributing factor to
that quality.
- The second, that outstaters
should pay heavily, is perhaps
justifiable, 1) as a former retalia-
tion against the high tuition bar-
riers in other states or 2) as con-
sistent with the University's pri-
mary obligation to state students.
These were the arguments of Re-
gent Murphy, who favored greater
increases in outstate fees.
But the dangers in raising out-
state fees are clear in a very con-
crete sense. The University does
not want to choose its outstate
students by economic selection,
rather than selection as fees go
higher, economic selection becomes
a greater d a n g e r. Outstaters
coming to the University are not
exposed to as many local scholar-
ship opportunities as ,instaters
(the instate student, for example,
can draw on a $400,000 Regents
scholarship fund for aid).
s * *
THE UNDERLYING premise
which opposes economic selection
is simply that the world of scholar-
ship recognizes no economic dis-
tractions between individuals who
wish to enter it.
Hopefully the Regents will not
raise outstate fees much further,
nor make the present difference
in instate and outstate fees much
greater.
As for instate fees, it was un-
fortunate but necessary to make
the slight increase of $30 for
Michigan residents, although Re-
gents Murphy and McInally dis-
agreed. To raise the instate fees
any farther would have been some-
what questionable because of the
University's obligation to its state
taxpayers. But to raise only out-
state fees, which Regents Murphy
and McInally proposed, and by a
sum as significant as $150, would
have been a failure to recognize
the University's non-provincial
nature.
AS FOR the future, things now
look generally better than in the
but...
ficant number of students will be
turned away because of inability
to pay the new fees. The $200,000
aid fund, thoughtfully established
along with the new fees, will par-
tially take care of problems in
this area.
The state - and its financial
condition. - is something else.
Lynn Bartlett, state Superintend-
ent of Public Instruction, argued.
Friday that higher education
might receive its."just share" of
funds when the Legislature meets
in a special session in the early
fall. The University can be some-
what hopeful here, but perhaps not
until next spring when budgets
roll around again.
* * *
BEHIND ALL THIS lies one fur-
ther grave danger-that in the fu-
ture tuitions will have to rise again.
Although one Regent said Friday
such a possibility "does not neces-
sarily follow," no one could deny
the possibility.
The University is committed to
continued growth, and at this
point, the state is hesitant and not
quite capable of meeting the Uni-
versity's demands. This difference
in purpose and capabilities is'
bound to force some more of the
interacting strains which caused
the present tuition increases.
The Legislature (and perhaps
the public) refuses to agree that
higher education should be sup-
ported by taxation and philan-
thropy. Until they do, the Univer-
sity will be asked to make its stu-
dents contribute their "fair share"
to the expense.
** *
IF THE UNIVERSITY yields
again, and it has shown little in-
tention of not doing so sometime
in the future, it will be moving
into a dangerous situation. Further,
Increases in instate tuition'will be-
minimal, leaving outstaters to
probably carry more of the load.
If this is done, the University's
understanding of its special quali-
ties and heterogeneous character
will have slipped very badly.
BUSINESS COLLEGE:
' U', Stiffens,
Standards
By ANDREW HAWLEY
Daly staff Writer
HE NEW undergraduate cur-
T riculum program approved Fri-
day by the business administration
school faculty is a reassuring ele-
ment in the fact of the constant
criticism leveled at business
schools in American institutes of
"higher learning," especially in
recent months.
The new program, which was
prepared by the school's curricu-
lum committee, is the culmination
of two years of study, indepen-
dent of, but similar to, two Im-
portant and well-known reports
published last year, one sponsored
by the Ford Foundation, the
other by the Carnegie Corpora-
tion.
The two studies, also indepen-
dent of each other, attempted to
survey and make an analysis of
the state of education for busi-
ness in the United States.
THE BOOKS, "The Education
of American Businessmen," by
Frank C. Pierson, profesor of
economics at Swarthmore Col-
lege; and "Higher Education for
Business," by Robert A. Gordon
and James E. Howell, arrived at
many similar conclusions and had
an important impact on business
educators, employers, and others
who would like to see , constant
appraisal and improvement in
standards ofdboth business and
general education.
According to Russell A. Steven-
son, dean of the school of busi
ness administration, the Univer-
sity has for several years had an
opportunity to pursue a program
which would conform to the
recommendations of the two re-
ports, using courses in non-busi-
ness liberal arts to provide a
broad, general educational back-
ground.
* *
"THE UNIVERSITY under-
graduate business administration
school does not admit students
until their junior year," he
pointed out, "making it necessary
for them to take at least half of
their courses outside of our
school."
But it was possible for them to
take "easy" courses or courses
which would not contribute to
either their intellectual well-be-
ing or their capacity for efficient
and intelligent business adminis-
tration.
THESE NEW curriculum re-
quirements, . plus the school's
policy of admitting students from
liberal arts, engineering schools
and junior colleges, contribute to
keping its standards and reputa-
tion near the high level enjoyed
by most of the other departments
and the University in general.
According to Stevenson' esti-
mate, our business administration
school ranks among the top four
in the nation. Constant, .careful
self-scrutiny by the department
will help it to avoid the stigma
attached to so many of the coun-
try's business schools, and to con-
tinue to improve the quality of
our citizens and our business lead-
ers.
TO Tn pio-
To The Editor:
MR. HENDEL'S letter of May 18
shows that he lacks an under-
standing of Catholics and the
Catholic Church. Catholics are ra-
tional beings. Granted there are
some who blindly follow the dic-
tates of their priests, but many
Protestants and Jews are guilty of
the same failing. Most Catholics
are guided by their consciences.
The Church itself is not a mono-
lith, but a haven for many diverse
.points of view. One must not see
only obscurantist prelates and be
blind to those (the vast majority)
of the hierarchy who accept the
American tradition on church-
state relationships.
The Catholic Church is not a
menace to this country. A Catholic
majority does not sound the death
knell of democracy. No, the real
danger comes from those who
would deny any person, or group,
the right to speak out on issues of
moment in the light of their own
principles.
--John H. Wilde, 'G0
To The Editor:
IAM pleased that the House Ap-
propriations Committee today
approved $1.8 million for a cyclo-
tron for the University of Michi-
gan which had not been budgeted.
After this public works appro-
priation bill is approved by the
House next Thursday and later
PHILIP POWER
Editorial Director
ROBERT JUNKER
City Editor
JIM BENAGH....................... Sports Editor
PETER DAWSON .... ....... Associate City Editor
CHARLES KOZOLL . .............. Personnel Director
JOAN KAATZ.......... Magazine Editor
BARTON HUTHWAITE .. Associate Editorial Director
FRED KATZ ................ Associate Sports Editor
DAVE LYON ................ Associate Sports Editor
JO HARDEE ................. Contributing Editor