Ask Russia

for

Return

Of Air

Force

Army Head
Takes Up
Negotiations
Nine Occupants Safe
In East Germany
BERLIN ()-The United States
asked the Russians yesterday for
the immediate return of nine
Americans and their United States
Air Force C-47 that strayed Fri-
day into Communist East Ger-
many.
The Russians had announced
the plane was forced down by the
Soviet military.
Gen. Clyde D. Eddleman, United
States Army Commander in Eu-
rope, took up the case with Gen.
x. X. Yakubovsky, Commander of
Soviet Forces in East Germany.
Hours later, there still was no
Russian response.
Lands Safely
TLe Soviet liaison mission re-
ported the plane landed safely
and that the occupants, eight men
and a woman who, were flying
from Copenhagen to Hamburg,
West Germany, were in Russian
hands.
A Soviet embassy spokesman
said he could give no details as
to how the plane was forced down
- whether by jet fighters or
ground gunners.
It was the second time in three
weeks that Soviet sources an-
nounced the downing of an Amer-
ican plane behind the Iron Cur-
tain. The first was United States
pilot Francis G. Powers' Lockheed
U-2, whose ill-fated May Day re-
connaissance flight deep into the
Soviet Union led to the collapse
of the Paris Summit conference.
Khrushchev's Explanation
The C-47, according to Soviet
authorities, was forced down just
as Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev
was getting ready for a new ex-
planation in East Berlin of what
happened in Paris over the U-2
incident.
News of the second plane per-
mitted Khrushchev to mention it
in an offhand way Friday after-
noon before a yelling and ap-
plauding crowd of East German
Communists. He said the Ameri-
cans had sent many planes over
Soviet territory "and they are do-
ing it right now."
Morale Flight
The plane was carrying Air
Force personnel on what the Air
Force called a morale flight, a
rest and recreation trip. Previous
flights had gone to Italy, Germany
and such places; this was the
first to Copenhagen.
The C-47 took off from Copen-
hagen for Hamburg at midday
Friday on a route close to the
Iron Curtain. Air Force weather-
men reported thunderstorms in
the Baltic, though a spokesman
for the West German. Navy Air
Rescue Squadron said the weather
was clear at the time.

AGGRESSION CHARGES:
Herter Calls Strategy Parley

WASHINGTON (M)-Top United
States policy makers yesterday
shaped up a defense which they
predicted would shatter Russia's
charge that the United States is
guilty of aggression by its plane
flights over the Soviet Union."
Secretary of State Christian A.

Herter, flying in from the ill-
starred Paris summit conference,
promptly .called a strategy session
on how to combat the Soviet alle-
gations which will be laid before
the United Nations Security Coun-
cil tomorrow.
Among those sitting in on the

U.S. Navy Calmly Evaluates
Soviet Submarine Threat

n

(EDITOR'S NOTE: While most of
the current defense debate has
centered on ballistic missiles, there
is growing alarm in and out of
Congress over the apparent Russian
underwater threat to United States
control of the seas. Here's an as-
sessment based on a series of Inter-
views with top naval strategists in
the Pentagon.)
By BEM PRICE
Associated Press Newsfeatures Writer
WASHINGTON - The submar-
ine road to Russia is a two-way
street.
Belated realization of this is
focusing increased attention on
the fact the Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans are no longer great de-
fensive barriers. They provide
hidden highways for potential
enemies.
Much also has been made of
the fact there are more submar-
ines--450-in the Russian fleet
Farley Hits
Stev..enson
NEW YORK MP) - James A.
Parley yesterday called upon the
forthcoming Democratic national
convention to "condemn and re-
pudiate" Adlai E. Stevenson's crit-
icism of the Eisenhower Adminis-
tration over the U-2 spy plane
incident.
Parley, former Democratic Na-
tional Chairman, accused Steven-
son of "attempting to use the
incident to 'sledge-hammer and
crowbar' another disastrous nomi-
nation for himself as the apostle
of appeasement out of the Demo-
cratic Party."
Stevenson, the party's presi-
dential nominee in 1952 and 1956,
had said that Premier Nikita
Khrushchev of Russia wrecked the
summit conference but -that the
United States gave him the sledge-
hammer and crowbar to do it.'
Parley said "the unwarranted
attack" by Stevenson "on the
President's conduct of the summit
negotiations in my opinion in no
way represents the thinking of
the Democratic Party."
Parley called on Democrats "to
keep the symbol of our party the
Democratic mule and not Steven-
son's umbrella."

than there are active warships--
383--in the United States Navy.
Implicit in the alarm these con-
siderations generate is the specter
of the United States isolated and
beset from the sea. Is this alarm
justified?
Calm Observation
Perhaps the best answer is that
the United States Navy views the
threat with considerable calm.
There are two major factors in
the Navy's lack of nervousness
over the apparent Russian ad-
vantage:
1. The Russian Navy as it now
stands was built to World War II
standards and designed to fight
a conventional war of defense
and attrition.
2. The United States Navy can-
not now forsee a situation in
which the surface ships would be
pitted against submarines as they
were in World War II, except in
limited war situations-and these
would not involve Russian man-
ned submarines.
Limited War
At the moment, the United
States Navy is far more concerned
over its ability to meet simultan-
eous, limited war crises in two
oceans with an overage, steadily
shrinking fleet.
Seven years ago the total United
States fleet consisted of 1,129
ships. Now there are 817--and no
guarantee against further reduc-
tions. Eighty per cent of the Navy's
ships were built during or prior to
World War IL The Navy places
the useful life of a ship at be-
tween 16 and 20 years.
At the present replacement rate,
the United States Navy will be
about half its present size in 10
years.
Increase Needed
These facts worry top Navy of-
ficers because as the character of
the Russian fleet changes-and
intelligence reports indicate it is
acquiring a thermonuclear war
capability - the Navy's defense
capabilities must be greatly in-
creased with new ships and new
equipment.
As experts unofficially see it
the missions of the two navies,
Russian and United States, axe
different. With her present fleet
Russia seeks nothing more than
control of adjacent waters while
the United States needs to main-
tain control of the seas.


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Second Front Page
Sunday, May 22, 1960

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DIPLOMAS
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