B ig Three Plans o Seek COMMON WEA LTH LEADERS: Conference Views Race Proble "All-or-Nothing' Resolve Khrushchiev Opens Fair MOSCOW (P)-Nkita S. Khru- shchev sparked -the opening of the Czechoslovak trade fair yesterday with a calm, collected speech and confined fireworks to a demon- stration of his rifle-shooting skill. Although noting the 15th anni- versary of the victory over Ger- many will be celebrated soon, the Soviet Premier made no new de- mands and repeated no old ones for the conclusion of a peace treaty and the departure of the Western allies from West' Berlin. He emphasized that the Soviet Union wants economic coopera- tion with the West but added, "if the capitalists place obstacles in the way of such cooperation/ this would not break us." Khrushchev claimed Czech in- dustrial volume had increased four times over that recorded dur- ing the country's capitalist years. He said this came about because of a planned socialist economy. Earlier in the day Khrushchev saw the French ambassador, M. deJean at the latter's request, but no details of their conversation were released. Presumably it con- cerned the Big Four summit con- ference opening in Paris May 16. It appeared that if Khrushchev is to make an important pre-sum- mit statement it will be Thurs- day during the session of the Su- preme Soviet in the Kremlin. PROJECT ECHO: -f U.S. Announces Plans t To Fire.Radio Balloon 4 CAPE CANAVERAL (,')-A bal- loon communications satellite, bright as a star and tall as a 10- story building is scheduled for launching from this missile test center tomorrow.; The satellite is designed to test the feasibility \of using a system of satellites for fast, accurate global communications. The pro- ject, called Echo, could lead to worldwide radio, television and television networks. If the 100-foot sphere orbits, widely separated ground stations will try to bounce radio signals and voice messages of f its highly reflective aluminum surface. Announce Date The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, whichj doesn't like to release the dates of space launchings, announced the Echo date two week: ago to give volunteer project participants adequate time for preparation. These include government agen- cies, scientific groups and indust- ries in many parts of the world. Most ham radio operators do not have powerful enough equip- ment to carom signals off the big sphere, but they will be able to tune in on signals sent by groups with adequate equipment. Signal Exchange .The major experiment will be an attempt to exchange signals' and messages between Bell Tele-I phone's Holmdel, N.J., labora- tories and NSA's jet propulson lab tracking station at Goldstone, Calif. Goldstone will transmit via the satellite on 2390 megacycles and receive on 960 megacycles. Holm- del will transmit on 960 and re- ceive on 2390.. The space agency declined to make public the hour of launch- ing, but it is timed so the alumi- num-coated balloon will remain in continuous sunlight for about two weeks. This will make visual tracking easier. Circular Orbit The satellite will be aimed at a circular orbit 1,000 miles above the earth and a course that will take it over all sections of the world between 50 degrees north and 50 degrees south latitudes. This includes most of the popu- lated parts of the earth except Canada, Alaska and Northern Europe. Spinning across the sky, the big bag will appear as a zero magni- tude star, or as bright as Vega. The launching vehicle will be a three - stage Thor - Delta rocket. The balloon will be folded com- pactly in a 28-inch round mag- nesium container in the nose of the rocket. When it reaches the desired altitude, the balloon will be ejected and residual air in the folded sphere wfr cause it to start to expand in the vacuum of space. Packets of sublimating powders will produce a gas to fill out the shape. Fully inflated, Echo will weigh about 150 pounds and will be about as thick as the cellophane on a cigarette pack. The rigidity of its Mylar plastic will enable it to keep its shape despite expected damage from micrometeorites. WOMEN'S HAIRSTYLING A SPECIALTY!.!. - No Appointments Needed - NATO Group Hears Pledge In Istanbul City Quiet as Army Guards Meeting Hall ISTANBUL (P) - The Western Big Three pledged to their NATO partners yesterday they will seek an all - or - nothing understanding with the Soviet Union to end the global cold war at the summit. No piecemeal settlements would relax East-West tension, it was agreed. Turkish tanks stood guard at the far end of the plaza from the new city hall where the 15 foreign ministers of the NATO council met and reached these conclusions. But only one incident marred an otherwise quiet day. The city is under martial law as a result of student demonstrations de- manding that Turkish Premier Adnan -Menderes' government re- store political freedoms. Students Assemble Fifty students assembled for an anti-government parade near Tak- sim Square in the heart of the cityi but troops with bayonets levelled moved in and dispersed them before they could form ranks. The army was taking no chances. The troops patrolled the sereets in threes soon after the 8 p.m. curfew and heavy tanks rumbled to ancient Dolmabache Palace where the NATO ministers were at a banquet. These were the highlights of the NATO council session as re- lated by senior authorities: Assure Allies United States Secretary of State Christian A. Herter, British For- eign Secretary Selwyn Lloyd and French Foreign Minister Maurice, Couve de Murville assured their allies any stopgap deal arranged by President Dwight D. Eisen- hower and the summit chiefs on Berlin will leave Western rights intact. Otherwise, they promised, - NOR T HERN a., .,,3M0 A RICR HOD ESI A M S Salisbury SOUTHERN Ro-A ODE$$A ,." Froncistown 8tcliTRANSVAAL SOU TH WES T tPrtoria AFRICA JOHANNESBURG,. ^ S.,orpili. Kamberley ORANGE SWAZILAND FREE NA TAL GOOD HOPE BASUTOLAND *Sutherland Oc-a CAPE eworceitr East London ' TO'WN Port Eliiabeth Simonstown 0 It y w LONDON (M) -- The Common- wealth prime ministers conference yesterday ruled out any public condemnation of South Africa for its racial segregation policy. Instead, the leaders of this free association of nations that once made up the British Empire de- cided to discuss the problem in- formally at a series of private meetings with South Africa's foreign minister, Eric Louw. This formula was worked out at the opening of the 10-day con- ference, behind locked doors, after Louw reminded his colleagues that South Africa claims the sole re- sponsibility for its own domestic policy. "The meeting reaffirmed the traditional practice that common- wealth countries do not discuss internal affairs of member coun- tries," a communique said later. w Leaders from Britain and 10 of her former' dependencies are taking part in the conference. They represent 700 million people of various races-a quarter of the world's population. I South Africa's policies loomed as the greatest issue facing the meeting after racial violence broke out there In March. Demands were made in various parts of the Commonwealth, and in some sections of the British press, for a public condemnation. of South Africa. Some urged ex- pulsion of South Africa from the Commonwealth, an organization to which South Africa itself is not particularly warm because of old hatred of the British. aises Problem Prime Minister Abdul Rahman of the newly independent nation of Malaya raised the racial prob- lem at the opening session yester- day morning. He said discrimina- tion in South Africa is affecting its relations with other nations in the Commonwealth. Lord Home, Britain's Secretary of State for CommonwealthRe-- lations, told newsmen the prime ministers themselves would de- cide how to conduct their discus- sions with Louw. The conference usually is held in considerable secrecy, and Lord Home suggested that private con- versations would be' even more secret than the full meetings at No. 10 Downing St., MacMillan's official residence. FS i~il u 'marw Triumph For MacMillan The decision to avoid putting South Africa in the position of a defendant is court represented a triumph for Prime Minister Har- old MacMillan of Graet Britain over angry leaders from dark- skinned nationsinrthe Common- wealth, particularly Ghana, India and Ceylon. He convinced visiting leaders more good could be done in in- formal conversations either singly o rin pairs with Louw, who is deputizing for Prime Minister Hendrik F. Verwoerd, wounded last month by a white, British- born assassin. I I SOUTH AFRICA-The embattled Afrikaaner nation, scene of recent and serious racial disturbances, was the principle focus of attention for the British Commonwealth prime ministers, who began meetings yesterday in London. At the behest of British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan, they ruled out any public condemnation of South Africa's racial policies. o<;;;;>c;;;o m o;;;;:> m oo< ;;;;>=oc:04o m04o o 0. 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