'... I Repeat-This is a Test ...I!t" I ml-01gan Da l Seventieth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY of BOARDIN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. 9 ANN ARBOR, MICH-. * Phone NO 2-3241 r 'LOOK HOMEWARD, ANGEL': Wolfe Play Performed '* ° hen Opinions Are Free Truth Will Prevail" i Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. [URSDAY, APRIL 28, 1960 NIGHT EDITOR: MICHAEL BURNS ;K h r, 4 K A N : ' . " A }. e w1 'ttrfi .. ( 'S , 4 Y #. ,. . {jam '1 _. ~ "" . ~1 Conference To Measure Student Re-Awakening NATIONAL and local experts, who for years have pinned the ambiguous label of "apathy" "on the American College Student, are suddenly switching their song in light of a supposed renaissance of political activity on American campuses. Indeed, they have a good deal of evidence: the widespread sit-in movement and last week's Washington conference on student demonstrations in the South are particularly telling examples, as is the quickly-expanding CHALLENGE program concept. On the local scene, repeated picketing is perhaps the most significant example of the trend. This weekend will provide an interesting measurement of the extent of the new re- awakening. About 400 students from 50 schools will be on hand for a locally-generated Con- ference on Human Rights in the North. CERTAINLY the topic is important, and has attracted increasing local, national and world interest. Certainly the weekend program promises to be well-coordinated and elaborately planned. Certainly the participants and featured speakers should be informed and stimulating. Above all, the concept of a serious, analytic conference on social action techniques is praiseworthy, and something practiced too in- frequently. Those attending will break into AS OTHERS SEE IT: small sections, attempting to create an intense climate of thought directed solely at possible modes of action. Nevertheless, one wonders if the conference will have a potent impact on many University students or Ann Arbor residents, other than those few already participating in the current non-violent picketing. VARIOUS other conferences, generally well- publicized and of major importance, have attracted the minds of very few students in the past. This year's poorly-attended campus United Nations comes to mind as a striking. example of such a failure. If University students do not attend, the growing belief in the nationwide college re- awakening will be rendered dubious. Obviously the 400-odd students coming to Ann Arbor are politically active, but perhaps they are a min- ority, hence not very representative of Ameri- can students. Considering past affairs in Ann Arbor, it doesn't seem likely that interest in the Con- ference will be high. But hopefully, the alleged re-awakening really is extensive. If so, it will be encouraging to see local individuals actually accepting their free opportunity to seriously attend a conference which might measurably affect their social condition. --THOMAS HAYDEN lop> IF 47r.. i In Smooth, Epic Style THERE ARE two major problems involved in a production of Ketti Frings' adaptation of "Look Homeward, Angel." The first is to catch the epic quality of Wolfe's prose and structure, the second, to keep the play compact, realistic and composed. Both of these problems were ably, and occasionally magnificently, worked out by the director and actors of the Speech Department productions. For two and one-half hours the play leaped, soared acid sometimes staggered across the stage, mingling good solid performance with moments of real excellence. The story covers several months in r. Iii & - All 1913ir .ff AV IF.W-l - AIR -- .. WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND: French Pressure for A-Bomb MSU ROTC Issue Lives Ont (EDITOR'S NOTE: Last week the Michigan State University trustees voted to continue compulsory ROTC, climaxing several months of intense controversy on the campus. The student newspaper print- the following editorial after the trustees' vote.) WE HOPE the Board of Trustees are not so naive that they believe that their decision of last Thursday regarding the ROTC issue will end the controversy. Saturday's protest on the grounds of the State Capitol building was only one indication that as long as the Trustees continue to admit intelligent thinking students to MSU they will never be able to hand down such a decision without repercussions. It is indeed unfortunate that the Board members were not at the rally to answer the questions on some of the signs that were being hoisted for the public to see. As it was, such placards as "One Trustee Equals 100 PhD's" and "Politics and Universi- ties Don't Mix" must have made the passers-by wonder if maybe we aren't just fighting for the end of compulsory ROTC after all. If that thought was transferred, then the rally was at least a small success. 1IHE BASIC QUESTION to us seems to be one of the Board's relationship to the uni- versity and whether or not this relationship is in the form of a supreme ruling body that cannot be challenged, such as the United States Supreme Court. If this is the case, then we had best abide by the decision and make no further qualms about it, whether we think the decision is wise or not. HOWEVER, if the Board is not supreme, which we feel is the case, then we certainly have a right to question how four men can reverse the detailed and time-consuming find- ings of a faculty committee and then justify their stand by simply saying: "We've raised the most spoiled generation ever. These kids need this kind of discipline." If Mr. C. Allen Harlan I MSU trusteel ever made his presence felt before, it was nothing compared to the ripple which that statement caused here on campus. Surely we deserve a better explanation than that if we are to ignore the vote of our faculty and the feeling of a vast majority of our fellow students. The Trustees had best realize right now that this issue is far from dead. MSU students who are told that this is a "forward-looking" uni- versity will not be satisfied with decisions of this kind that involve the very basis of free thinking, a necessary ingredient of any pro- gressive university. If similar demonstration of Saturday's type are held in the future, the Board might even- tually be forced to wake up to this fact. -THE MICHIGAN STATE NEWS I -me - PRESIDENT Charles de Gaulle doesn't know it, but he has set off a chain reaction of atomic ar- gument behind the scenes in the Eisenhower administration. It has been over the question of turning the know-how of the A- bomb over to the French. Before de Gaulle left Paris on his trip, Secretary of State Her- ter urgently appealed to the French to call off plans for an un- derground atomic test on the is- land of Corsica. Herter approach- ed French Foreign Minister Couve de Murville when he was in Wash- ington two weeks ago and told him that the Corsica test would complicate Western efforts to reach an atomic agreement at Geneva. The French foreign minister, however, was under rigid instrue- tions from de Gaulle and flatly refused-unless the United States agreed to give France some Ameri- can atomic bombs. This bargain- ing position is behind de Gaulle's drive to develop a French bomb. It's also one of the chief subjects he is discussing in Washington. By DREW PEARSON He'll call off French experiments --if the USA gives him its bombs. * * * AND RIGHT HERE is where the backstage jockeying inside the administration and inside Cong- ress comes in. For the congressional joint atomic energy committee has warned the White House in blunt language that Ike cannot promise de Gaulle any atomic secrets or any American bombs. This com- mittee includes such potent per- sonalities as Sen. Clinton Ander- son (D-N.Mex.), Sen Bourke Hick- enlooper (R-Ia.), and Rep. Chet Holifield (D-Calif.). And both Re- publicans and Democrats believe there are so many Communists in France that giving the A-bomb to the French would be like giving it to Moscow. So. fearing that Ike might be swayed by de Gaulle's charm, the congressional committee carefully reminded the White House last week that Ike's hands wel'e tied by law. SOME WEEKS PRIOR to this, senators heard reports that a sec- ret memo was being prepared in- LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Are Students Dedicated? IAX LERNER: Blood and Freedom in Korea NEW DELHI--The news about Syngman Rhee is one of the stirring events of a stirring time. Consider what happened. The Koreans struggled hard to achieve their nationhood. Then they struggled again to preserve their freedom against the Communist attack from the North. They emerged from a bloody, drawn-out war to find themselves saddled with, a government under an embittered tyrannical old man who made a farce out of Parliamen- tary democracy. He gagged the press, hounded the opposition leaders, rigged elections. He branded all oppo- sition as Communist-inspired and sought to exploit the old battle-cries of an earlier na- tionalism, using his services to the past as a way of shackling the present. The result, especially after the last rigged elections, were student riots moved by a cour- age born of despair. Rhee met them with bloody police repression, 130 of the student demonstrators are dead, hundreds of others wounded and the jails filled with still others. The blood of the students bought at least a measure of freedom for the rest of the nation. Rhee was compelled to yield; he has agreed to step down. A NUMBER of questions come to mind in assessing the meaning of what has hap- pened. How about the role of the American government in keeping Rhee in power so long? The Republic of Korea could not have survived the Communist attack without American and UN help nor could it have survived economi- cally without what the American economy pumps into it. Communist stance of the regime than about its honesty or its democratic fiber. IT IS NOT hard to guess that as soon as the riots and shootings took place the American leaders moved swiftly and decisively to with- draw their support from the Rhee government. That, at least, must be said for them. They / acted late but they did act. But there is another aspect of Rhee's sur- render which is worth noting. Could this have happened in the Communist regime of North Korea, or could it have happened in China, whose propagandists will doubtless try to ex- ploit the episode and say that even a new regime will be no improvement. It is hard to see either the North Korean or Chinese Communist leaders yielding to any mass protest or demonstration. There is evi- dence that China in the past year had to deal with sharp discontent but the blanket of cen- sorship and silence kept news of it pretty ef- fectively from the world. Not hundreds but thousands or tens of thousands of young stu- dents might die in China but no Chinese jour- nalist would be allowed to report it and trained seals from abroad might never tell or never even get to know it. N O MATTER how corrupt and tyrannical a regime may be, as long as it has to operate in the open it must reckon with the wrath of its people and the conscience of mankind. That is what the Korean shootings have shown,,just as the massacre of the Africans at Langa and Sharpeville showed it. Verwoerd's government still survives, but in the end it faces a doom To the Editor: A SHORT time ago a friend asked me if there were any cause for which I would be willing to die. I had to admit there was none. Obviously, I have lots of company. Thomas B. Morgan writes (in March Esquire) that the young people of today are "a generation with nothing to say. All that seems real about their self-ex- pression ... is their dedication to unreality, to songs of watered- down, self-pitying blues - that - aren't blues, and to aimless hos- tility." Of course, Morgan is being proved wrong by at least one small segment of Americansyouth. Southern Negro students are manifestly dedicated to a reality- the reality of a cause for which they will stand, will risk their physical well being, and, appar- ently will even die. Could it be that they have a lesson to teach Northern students? If they do, few of the latter seem willing to listen., SEVERAL weeks ago two stu- dents from Virginia who had been participating in sit-in demonstra- tions, were in Ann Arbor to raise funds for the legal defense of those who have been arrested in the South for demonstrating. The Daily, The Ann Arbor News and radio stations WUOM and WHRV all gave advance publicity to the public meeting at which they ap- peared. The result? Of the 23,000 students of this campus only about 100 turned out to learn what these leaders of American youth had to tell. True, immediately after the two young men returned to the South and their cause, almost $900 was raised on campus for democracy. This was important and is testi- mony to those who collected the funds and to those who gave; but it averages out to not quite four cents for each student at thn. Vniverltv.in fi. o ne ss the Conference for Human Rights in the North meets on campus April 28-May 1. -John D. Milligan, Grad. Injustice. . To the Editor: WISH to call your attention to a strange legal case which has been struggling through the Lan- sing Circuit Court this winter and which was last week airea before the State Pardon Board. Walter Pecho, a former Lansing resident, was convicted in 1954 for the 2nd degree murder of his wife. His attorney, Robert H. Warner (Law '58) has amassed what to me is an amazing array of evi- dence indicating Mr. Pecho's in- nocence-that Mrs. Pecho com- mitted suicide. I am morally con- vinced Mr. Pecho has spent over five years in Jackson Prison for a crime he did not commit. BUT RATHER than review the details of the case-which seem monumental in their one-sided- ness-I refer interested parties to the Detroit newspapers of the past week, and particularly to page one of the Detroit Free Press of April 21, in which it is made graphically clear that the testi- mony which convicted Mr. Pecho in 1954 is now unbelievably ir- rationally confused. The case was refused a new trial earlier, on grounds of lack- ing new evidence. It is now being reviewed by the Pardon Board, which is expected to make its recommendation to Governor Wil- liams late this week. I am told that public interest in the case is extremely high and that letters to the Governor's of- fice are welcomed. Anyone wish- ing to express himself in this way, on behalf of Mr. Pecho, will, I am firmly convinced, help in a very real way, however small, to allev- late a miscarriage of the tragic and often forgotten fact-the fal- libility of human judgement. side the Pentagon advising that the commander-in-chief had pow- er to delegate use of nuclear weapons to our allies. The Penta- gon memo reasoned somewhat like this: Since Gen. Lauris Norstad, a United States officer, is com- mander of NATO, atomic weapons couldbe turned over to units un der him and even though the weapons were actually in the hands of French and German units, they would still be in his custody and therefore within the law. Discussion inside the Pentagon also dealt with the use of nuclear interceptors by our allies. In defending Europe from air attack, the most important weapon will be the air-to-air missile. The U.S. armed forces have now de- veloped efficient air-to-air mis- siles, the Sidewinder and the Genie, fired from interceptor planes at enemy planes. However, the Genie carries nuclear war- heads which under the law can- not be given to NATO allies. * * * THE PENTAGON A R G U E D that if a French pilot, flying over France as a part of NATO, inter- cepted a hostile plane, he would not have time to phone NATO headquarters and ask: "can I use a nuclear Genie to shoot this plane down?" Time is too precious in this kind of attack, so the Pentagon argued that French, German, and other NATO planes should be per- mitted to carry nuclear air-to-air missiles and use them. About this time, Congressman Chet Holifield of California learn- ed via the grapevine what was going on in the Pentagon and conferred with Sen. Clint Ander- son of New Mexico, chairman of the joint atomic energ'y commit- tee. Anderson in turn warned Chairman John McCone of the Atomic Energy Commission. As a result, AEC Chairman McCone vetoed the plan to put air-to-air missiles in our NATO planes. Pentagon officials are still chafing over this restriction and are inclined to side with de Gaulle. They point out that the defense of Europe is largely in continen- tal, not American hands. Most of the interceptor planes on guard over the continent are French or German, or British. Yet they can- not carry air-to-air nuclear mis- siles. ABOUT A MONTH AGO, Gen- eral Norstad and President de Gaulle negotiated an agreement whereby a joint nuclear task force was set up under NATO. It is com- posed of American and French troops armed with atomic weapons and is able to move fast into any sector of NATO. However, there has been no agreement to turn nuclear weapons over to France. Only the American units can have A-weapons, and this is one thing de Gaulle wants to change. For the last two years, how- ever, United States control of A- weapons has been only nominal. General Norstad has the right to store nuclear weapons at his dis- cretion and usually he has stored warheads on top of missiles. Or he has stored them immediately adjacent to the units that are going to use them. In England, the only country rumA wo hav e nn, i+ hn rm. the lives of the Gants, Wolfe's counterpart for his own family. Wolfe represents himself as Eu- gene, the youngest son, and tells the tale of his first love and his first tragedy, the death of his brother. THE UNDENIABLE star of the show was Eugene, played by Richard Lenz. Type-cast for the lean, shambling looks of Wolfe's youth, Mr. Lenz gave a boyish, natural and sincere performance without ever losing the sense of the most flowery pasages. Of the other leading characters, Lorraine Small, in the role of Eliza Gant, was the most con- vincing performer. The role of Eliza is not an easy one; it re- quires nuances of characterization and combinations of motivation which are really difficult to achieve. In most instances,uMiss Small achieved them admirably. The only possible complaint about her performance is that she makes the woman a bit one-sided, almost too much the sharp dealer, the domineering mother. It is hard to see how her sensitive son, Ben, could ever have loved her, even as a child. Some of the funniest moments of the play came from the bit players, who were nearly without exception good and excellently handled by the director. Possibly the funniest scene is the one be- tween Madam Elizabeth, proprietor of the local bordello, and W. . Grant, as they discuss old times. Even the remarkably unresponsive audience laughed at this. Nancy Enggass, as the Madam, was su- perb. * * * OTHERS of the leading charac- ters were not quite as strong as they could have been. Albert Katz, as the father, tended to be quite unsympathetic, far better in his pouts and whines than in his titantic passages. Elizabeth Robertson portrayed Eugene's great love, Laura, with sensitivity and warmth. She seemed, however, too small in contrast with the other charac- ters, and far too weak for Eugene. Howard Green, as Ben Gant, was never the focal, point of the audience's sympathy, as he should be, until the very end. He handled the long, near-poetic passages probably better than anyone else, but his Ben never attained the warmth and purpose that it should- Doctor Maguire, played by Ron- ald Sossi, was one of the best of a group of well-played parts. The direction of this production, as far as locking, interpretation and cohere ce, is truly wonderful. Prof. Baird has made a fine and meaningful whole of a sprawling, technically difficult play, But something has to be done with the set, so the audience doesn't worry about it falling on the actors through the whole second act. -Faith Weinstein INTERPRETING Pravda Explains Associated Press News Analyst PRAVDA is explaining a great deal these days. The program of the world Com- munist attack is being outlined in the Kremlin's chief newspaper. In brief, it Is this: while holding the line in the advanced nations, Communism will infiltrate and dominate nationalist movements in underdeveloped countries. Pravada's words render absurd the argument whether Fidel Cas- tro of Cuba Is truly a Communist. The Communists are not concern- ed with what label Castro or any other extreme nationalist leader wears in any impatient, emerging contry of the underdeveloped world. * * * USING LENIN as its authority, Pravda counsels Communists to merge their movement in such countries with ideas of patriotism and national aspirations, and turn these aspirations toward "the in- terests and aims of the world rev- olutionarydand socialist move- ment, (and) COmestruggle for soc- ialism and Communism." This ad- vice is contained in a newly re- vised biography of Lenin, the last of which was printed April 18 in Pravda. "Lenin. " the authors coun- seled, "taught that correctly un- derstood national interests do not contradict international socialist interests. On the contrary, only a correct understanding and con- sistent putting into practice of the principles of proletarian soc- ialist internationalism make it possible to achievenational inter- ests of this or that people, this or that country." "PROLETARIAN international- ism" is a synonym for the world Communist movement under the unquestioned control of the Soviet Communist party. This advice points the direction o Communist activity, aimed at th soft underbelly of the western world, the under-developed areas. Progress in this direction requires a lowered western guard. Thus an atmosphere of relaxed tension with regard to the threat of nuc- lear war is desirable. Many times Khrushchev him- self ha's issued this instruction: peaceful coexistence means only the absence of shooting war. In no way does it indicate any slack- ening of the political' war in which world Communism is engaged. Khrushchev and Moscow also have laid down rigid marching orders. The 1957 world Commu- nist meeting in Moscow still Is the starting point. There all Com munists were warned that Mos- cow is supreme boss in the devel opment of Communist expansion, i I DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN (Continued from Page 2) istration, Psychology, Bus. Admni, or Liberal Arts with interest in tetine Bloomfield Hills, Mich. (Day School) -4th Grade; Sci/Math, Eng., Soc. Stud. for Gifted Children (Grades 5-8). Port Huron, Mich. (Twp. Sch. Dist.)