~4r l t 4" 4bal Seventieth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER. AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CON'TROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 When Opinions Are Free Truth Wit Prevail" Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. DNESDAY, APRIL 20, 1960 NIGHT EDITOR: THOMAS KABAKER Appeal for Due Process Misses Point of Picketing oNE OF TIlE most consistent appeals by those who are wont to discourage picketing and other forms of active protest against dis- crimination in the United States has been the plea to remain within some sort of legal-judi- cial framework. Although conservative thought has not found particularly clear expression on this campus, that which has been offered has characteristi- cally urged compliance with "procedural due process." To an individual of well-established conserv- ative principles, this adherence to due process is paramount in consideration of any action to be taken. Whatever is done, it is argued, must be accomplished with careful attention to existing legal channels. However, from another standpoint, it is rather difficult to imagine distinctions being made along the fine lines of legal and judicial considerations, when one considers the revolu- tionary nature of the current anti-discrimina- tion campaigns and the impact of the his- torical and political traditions that are the heritage of the disruptions. FOR CLOSE to two hundred years, the American Negro has been literally perse- cuted fromo ne end of the country to the other. By sheer weight of prejudice and hate, the lot of the Southern Negro in particular has been constricted to one of passiveness-he has borne oppression with an enforced hu- mility. Slowly, however, forces of educational and legislative origins have pushed wider the door of Negro freedom, until today there is genuine alarm on the part of those who would keep it shut. Governmental and commercial institutions in many different areas of the country are fast becoming the focal points of protests against discrimination. The national capitol is being marched on, bias clauses in fraternities are being attacked, letters are being sent to state officials . . . the list could be supported with specific examples ad infinitum. AND THROUGH IT ALL, the most significant general impression one gets is the tremen- dous impetus with -which the present move- ment is gaining speed. Prejudice and hate are emotional issues, and the tide which is rising against them also carries the vigor and con- tagion of emotional convictions. It is precisely this vigor and contagion which is causing many of the stand-pat and "let's wait and see" school to shake their heads at the apparent violations of strict legal judicial ethics. It would seem, however, that "procedural due process" is just a little too much to expect. The proverbial yoke of oppression has been riding heavily on the back of the American Negro for more generations than anyone now living can tell of. When the time comes for throwing it off, and to an increasing number of people it would seem to have arrived, it is going to be ex- tremely difficult to blame the oppressed for not treating the traditions of their oppressors with kid gloves. -DAVID COOK Darkest Africa 4 E I -- FOCUS ON 'CRUCIAL ISSUES'. Challenge To Offer Stimuluso POLISH THEATRE: Students Stage Revol e Revol ith Satirical Thrusts By M. S. HANDLER New York Times Staff Member WARSAWBitter and savage satires of contemporary life have be- come the hallmark of the student theatres that flourish in the principal cities of Poland. The products deal with a large variety of subjects-love, housing, censorship, politics and the traditional concepts of Polish history. Nothing is spared. This nonconformism has gone beyond the usual protest literature and drama that prevail in most countries. It questions the very foun- dations of Poland's past present. and THE STUDENT theatre groups tour the country and attract big audiences, which see their daily lives portrayed in easily recog- nizeable allusions and situations. An expressionistic form of acting and staging adds to the starkness of the performances. The stage sets are frequently futuristic to accentuate the dramatic effect. A typical theatrical company is that of the Bombom student group of Gdansk (Danzig). Thisgroup has been presenting a series of sketches in one of the theatres of the Palace of Culture, a gift from Stalin to the Polish people. IN SEVERAL sketches the stu- dents ridicule many of the famous figures in Polish history who pre- ferred heroic death to the loss of their rights. The actors portray mock-heroics in a suicidal tradi- tion that, in the students' view, contributed nothing of practical value. Another series of sketches in the same show depicted the Polish "Everyman" as threadbare and reduced to the status of a vagrant pursued by the police-for no other reason, apparently, than that it is the job of the police to pursue and persecute people. The songs offer bitter, rather than witty, parodies of life under Poland's present Communist re- gime. It is a common observation in Warsaw that the most stimu- lating theatre and talents are those of the student groups. * * * . THE VISITOR to Warsaw gains the impression from these shows that Poland's students are in com- plete intellectual revolt against society, the state of their country and the place of their country in the world. The scripts and performances do not indicate defeatism, but rather a spirit of defiance and a refusal to accept the world of today as final. Another significant phenome- non in Warsaw has been the strong resurgence of savage sa- tiric jokes about everyone and everything of importance. These jokes, usually unprintable, ap- proximate the category known as "gallows humor." Students in general seem to form the most radical group -in the country. Their questioning attitude appears to involve a fun- damental re-examination of the very bases of Polish society. --Courtesy New York Times Service I .4 TODAY AND TOMORROW Unavowed Understanding By WALTER LIPPMANN THE OMENS are now more favorable that at the summit meeting in May there will be no serious crisis over the German question, no irreconcilable conflict between the Russians and ourselves, no real quarrel between the British and the West Germans. The prospects are that there will be much talk but no negotiations about the German question and there is a fair prospect of an interim working arrangement about West Ber- lin. Something. it would seem, has happened to change the climate. The public thing that has happened is that Mr. Khrushchev has been to Paris, has had talks with Gen. de Gaulle, and that while nothing concrete was agreed upon, Mr. Khrushchev went home in a good humor. As we know that Gen. de Gaulle is a hard and resolute man who gives away nothing he wants to keep, and as Mr. Khrushchev is a tough and persistent man, why is it that the confronta- tion of these two men has been followed by such an improvement in the atmosphere? MY GUESS is that on the German question there is now, as between France and the Soviet Union, a basic parallelism-that it is most likely that Mr. K. has now at last real- ized it. He has realized too, we may assume, that on the German question Gen. de Gaulle is in a position to speak for the West. The basis of this parallelism of policy is that in neither camp is there any serious intention of proceeding toward the reunification of Ger- many. On both sides there is a fear of the power of a reunited Germany. This is the basic un- derstanding which, while it cannot now be publicly avowed by either side, makes it likely that there will be no collision at the summit. Both sides realize that in the long run Ger- man nationalism will not accept gladly the present dismemberment. But for the short run which may be at least a few more years, the partition is acceptable, indeed unavoidable as long as the occupying powers are determined not to risk a war over the German question. The Germans are not strong enough to unify themselves and the United States has no intention whatever of going to war in order to unify them. On the other hand, a deal between West Germany and the Soviet Union at the expense of Poland and the West, though Editorial Staff ZBOMAS TURNER. Editor PHILIP POWER ROBERT JUNKER Editorial Director City Editor JIM BENAGH . . . .. . . . . . . ........,. ..Sports Editor PETER DAWSON............. Associate City Editor CHARLES KOZOLL ., . ........... MrazonneiDirector JOAN KAATZ .... Magazine Editor BARTON HiTHWAITE .. Associate Editorial Director FRED KATZ ................Associate Sports Editor DAVE LYON ................Associate Sports Editor JO HARDEE . ...,........ Contributing Editor Business Staff RnNAI) Pr,. DW'RAAln l,.im 4an a a theoretical possibility, would now be enor- mously and intolerably dangerous. THOUGH there is no agreement between the West and the East, a decision has in fact been taken to keep Germany divided. On both sides, the decision is masked by official formu- lae. On the Soviet side the formula is to say that East and West Germany are "free" to work out their own reunion. On the Western side the real decision is masked by the repeti- tion of the demand that the two Germanys should be reunited by a free election. Beneath these formulae, which are really fictions used for propaganda and for the sake of appearances, the reality is something like this. The Soviet Union means to raise the standard of life in East Germany to a level where East Germany can stand comparison with West Germany. Moscow believes that this will greatly reduce German popular pressure for reunification. The West, with France as its leader in this matter, is determined to give the West Ger- mans prosperity in the Common Market and status in NATO; it is determined to give the West Germans everything they want except the reunification of their country. Mr. K. would like to imprison and isolate the West Germans. The French intend to elect them to their clubs, and to bind them by self- interest against the lures and the snares of re- unification. SEEN FROM EUROPE, the division of the Germans, which has resulted from the dis- memberment of Hitler's empire, is more "nor- mal" than is their union. When we speak of reunification, we mean the reunification of East and West Germany with its capital in a reunited Berlin. Though we all speak of it more or less, the fact is that France does not want the reunification. Britain does not want it. While we have some yearnings for it, we accept the partition. An Adenauer's Germany opposes the partition in principle but is quite willing to live with it in fact. ALL THIS NARROWS the German question down to the question of West Berlin. For on the future of the various Germanys there is a working understanding between East and West. There is some reason to think that the new flexibility, which the Russians had hinted at recently, may be due to their having had some second thoughts about Berlin. It was easy to say that the allied occupation of West Berlin must end. But what if the impossible happened, what if the allies did in fact sur- render West Berlin to Eastern Germany, what would happen if Berlin became the biggest city in Eastern Germany? For West Berlin would have to be united with East Berlin and the result would be a quarrelsome city of three and a half million people as the capital of a country of about eighteen millions. The ,Berliners are a lively lot, and in trying to swallow them, the East German state might well be biting off more than it could chew. We' do not know this hut it is not at all (EDITOR'S NOTE: The following article, drawn up by one of the or- ganizers of Challenge at the Uni- versity, is a statement of principle applying some of the program's gen- eral goals and means to specific ones here.) By HUGH WITEMEYER Daily Guest Writer T e Idea.... THE MODERN world challenges us with problems more vast and comprehensive than any pre- vious society has had to face. Nuclear power, mass industrial- ized societies, undeveloped areas, racial and national tensions-all have created conflicts so far- reaching and often so explosive that they pose inescapable dan- gers to our civilization. Our most basic assumptions about the world are being called into question and challenged. People all over the world are trying to understand the complex forces at work on them. We are struggling to bring these forces under control before they dominate us. And the very possibility of control, equally new in history, makes it all the more imperative that we fully under- stand the problems. As citizens of the years to come, we cannot avoid them. As university students today, DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN (Continued from Page 2) or Female. At least a BA from an ac- credited college plui further experience or education for higher position. May 13th is final date for filing applicatin. For further information concerning any of the above positions, contact the Bureau of Appointments, 4001 Admin. Bldg., Ext. 3371. SUMMER PLACEMENT Interview: April 21 and 22. Mr. Alford of Camp Lawrence Cory of Rochester, N.Y., will interview for men counselors. This is a big YMCA camp and the pay is good. April 21. Mr. Harry Constant of Paper- mate Co. will interview marketing and Sales Juniors for summer work in De- troit, Mich., Pittsburgh, Pa., Grand Rapids. Mich. and Cleveland, . The-Summer Placement is open and interviews take place from 1:30 to 5:00 every afternoon and Friday mornings from 8 30 to 12, in D528 of the S.A.B. Student Part-Time Employment The following part-time jobs are available to students. Applications for these jobs can be made In the Non- Academic Personnel Office, Room 1020 Administration Building, during the following hours: Monday through Fri- day, 8:00 a.m to 12:30 p.m. Employers aesirous of hiring students for part-time work should contact Bill Wenrich, Student Interviewer at, NOrmandy 3-1511, extension 2939, Students desiring miscellaneous odd jobs should consult the bulletin board in Room 1020, daily. MALE 6 Meal jobs 1 Cost accountant, experienced (5 days per week, 2 brs. per day). 3 Library Assistants. 1 Experienced accountant - bookkeeper (20 hrs. per week). 10 Odd jobs. 10 Salesmen (Commission for 3 weeks in June-good money, FE L however, we find that our en- vironment does not enable us to understand these contemporary challenges. Our concern and our sensitivity have become intellec- tualized and fragmented to the point where we cannot feel the significance of, or respond cre- atively to today's most crucial is- sues. They remain strangely di- vorced from our sphere of con- cern. Students all over the coun- try and at the University need and are demanding a program to help them explore these issues with depth and vigor. Challenge is such a program; its goals are the creation of a widespread awareness of major contemporary problems, and the encouragement of an active response to them. The Means . . TO ACCOMPLISH these ends, Challenge sponsors a program of critical discussion and debate throughout the semester on a cen- tral topic. There are three main types of presentation: 1) Lec- tures, panels, and debates on the topic by prominent visitors to the campus or prominent mem- bers of the University community; 2) Smaller, informal discussion groups on the topic in living units between faculty members and the residents of the living units; 3) A weekend colloquium featuring ma- jor speeches by men of national prominence who will confront the topic not as an academic question, but as an issue demanding per- sonal action. To encourage an active response, Challenge works with other cam- pus organizations to channel in- terested students into constructive, responsible participation. Chal- lenge is not primarily an action group. It rather attempts to stim- ulate concern and action, and then direct energies to where they can find a creative outlet. Challenge, to be effective, must draw participation and support from all parts of the University and its community. It is non-par- tisan on all issues, and attempts to present the complete spectrum of views on every topic. It is not directly connected with any spe- cific campus organization. It at- tempts to involve people from all parts of the University, the Uni- versity community, and other col- leges and universities throughout the area. The Need , FACED WITH the widespread lack of interest and concern among the student body, inter- ested young people at Yale Uni- versity about two years ago founded Challenge. It has since spread rapidly among Eastern col- leges such as Haverford, Smith, Swarthmore, and Vassar; and into the West to Antioch, Chicago, and Reed. At each of these schools, it New Books at Library Ross, Irwin - The Image Mer- chants; NY, Doubleday & Co., 1959. Rowson, Frank, Jr. - They Laughed When I Sat Down; NY, McGraw-Hill, 1959. Ryan. Cornelius -- The Lonm. has succeeded in arousing contro- versy and interest among the stu- dents. We at Michigan feel the need for a Challenge to offset the indifference of most students to problems whichdosnot immedi- ately affect them. To us, this parochialism seems especially dominant here at the University, probably more sothan at the uni- versities which have already insti- tuted Challenge programs. The ponderous size of the Uni- versity, the isolation of the stu- dent from the faculty,the grade- point fetish, and the involvement of many of us in time-consuming extra-curricular activities are all counter-pressures preventing us from developing the organic intel- lectual outlook on the world which is the true goal of a liberal edu- cation. Challenge can be an im- portant step toward the recovery of the experience which our uni- versity environment has denied us. Through it, we can gain a comprehension of the major issues of our world as relevant and im- portant life-problems which de- mand solution from us. LETTERS: 'Orpheus' Opinion A scends, To the Editor: I AGREE with your two major criticisms of the film "Black Orpheus" only to a certain point. You say, "the more important scenes appeal primarily to the intellectual when they should be courting the emotinal." I feel it is impossible to discuss this until you have qualified which scenes ,are the "more important" ones. I have but one point to make in this respect. After having seen the film four times, I feel it would not have succeeded in learving me with the feelings it did if it were es intellectually oriented as you claim. But in your article you make two statements with which I ve- hemently disagree and find far from being accurate. You begin by describing carnival as something in which the Brazilian Negroes engage once a year and which is comparable to the Mardi Gras. * * * ON BOTH points you are very misinformed. As one whose home is in Rio de Janeiro, I cn testify that carnival is the one time of the year in which the entire pop- ulation participates. Negro, white, poor and rich, all let out their emotions through rhythmic danc- ing for three days until dawn. By inferring that carnival only be- longs to the Negroes, you destroy it of its greatest property which is its ability to intoxicate all Bra- zilians with the same feeling. As for saying that carnival is comparable to Mardi Gras, you have again committed a grave error. Carnival has no equal, it is a drug that penetrates each person. It exists with the people instead of existing for the people as does its commercial imitator, Mardi Gras. One can only separ ate himself from carnival by phy- sically escaping. Whereas with Mardi Gras, one can very easily be an observer on the sidelines. * * * YOU ALSO neglected, to make a point of the fact that the entire cast consists of "non-profession- als." To give you an example, the part of Mira, Orpheus' fiancee, is aptly portrayed by the daughter of the maid of our friends in Rio. In view of all this, although the film does have, an intellectual, mythical background, it doesn't prevent the emotional impact of carnival from permeating both the actors, and the audience. I can't understand why it failed in your case. Are you sure this is the film's shortcoming? -Margot Jacobson, '62 Aid to Moscow .. . To the Editor: RECENTLY, Dr. Wallace R. Brode, scientific adviser to the Secretary of State, received Amer- ican Chemical Society's Priestley Medal which is the highest Ameri- can award for distinguished serv- ice in the field of chemistry. Dr. Brode apparently attempted to rise to the occasion and pro- posed a plan to reorganize and redirect the scientific research in America along the Soviet lines which would provide a de-empha- sis of the "so-called fundamental research, merely dedicated to an increase in the world's sum, total of knowledge." I suspect that Dr. Brode's re- marks caused considerable concern among the science czars of Mos- cow. If, during some unfortunate moment of amnesia of the princi-a ples on which this country was founded, Dr. Brode's plan should be put into practice, a major ar- tery supplying fundamental scien- tific intelligence without cost to the Soviet government would be lost to the Soviet Union and the Soviet scientists may not be able to engage so fully in their work applied for the "glory of the Communist Party." Dr. Brode also pointed out that his plan would be very popular with those scientists with whom "pure science is going out of style." I ' Don't Be A Litter-Bug 4 .4 I