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South

Africa

Agei

icy Sets
Boycott

HOFFA CHALLENGES JUDGE:
Leader Asks Disqualificatioi

Warning

Against


Undergr ou
Negroes Ask
Work Cease
Government Ignores
Effect on Economy
JOHANNESBURG (W)-Negroes
were warned by the government
yesterday they may be banished
to backwoods reserves if they obey
the underground call for a work
boycott next week.
The department of Bantu (na-
tive) Administration and Devel-
opment issued the warning in a
statement that ignored the ques-
tion of how the South African,
economy could operate if the huge
Negro labor force refuses to work.
Against the background of a
report Tuesday by Justice Min-
ister Francois Erasmus that auth-
orities already are "shipping many
idle and superfluous Bantu back
to their homelands," it said:
"The Bantu public are reminded
that a considerable number of
Bantu workers were dismissed
from their employment as a result
of the recent stay - away - from -
work campaign and have since
been unemployed. TUnless they find
work soon they will have to go
back to their homelands.
"Bantu workers are therefore,
in their own interests, warned not
to pay any attention to pamphlets
or other forms of encouragement
for them to stay away from work."
The outlawed African National!
Congress, is promoting the work
bpycott.. It wants to revive the
stay - at - home movement broken
last week after police raids on
African settlements netted sacks
of arms and hundreds of men de-
scribed by authorities as subver-
sives, agitators and terrorists.
With most of its known leaders'
in jail, the Congress' Emergency
Committee called for Negroes to
stay at home throughout next'
week to enforce four demands on
Prime Minister Hendrik F. Ver-'
woerd's white supremacy regime.

ARTS AND LETTERS:
Gillis Ijiscussesss American Opera

By STEPHANIE ROUMELL
Samual Hopkinson, who signed
The Declaration of Independence,
wrote the first American opera,
Donald Gillis, vice-president of
National Music Camp at Inter-
lochen said recently.
"Most of it is lost now. But since
then there have been thousands of
operas written here in the United
States - this doesn't necessarily
make them American."
Rather an "American" opera is
based on the presumption that a
composer (whether he was born
in the United States or not) has
lived and worked in this country
and has used materials indigenous
to or typical of this nation's cul-
ture," Gillis explained.
Hard to Pinpoint
"Actually it is hard to pin-
point American opera by a rigid
set of rules," Gillis said. "But one
can tell by listening if an opera
is in the American tradition as
opposed to the Italian, French or
Russian."
"'Porgy and Bess' contains a lot
of the essence of jazz. It is easy to

see that it was written here; it
has the United States label. There
may be some technical errors in
it, but none the less it provides a
terriffic evening of theatre and
music."
"When a good story is combined
with good music, it is pretty like-
ly that it will be a good opera,"
Gillis said.
Need All Ingredients
Good opera is many things, he
added, "not just good acting, sing-
ing, staging, or a good libretto.
It is a combination. Like making
a cake, you must have all the
ingredients right."
"You must also have one to con-
sume it in the end, one who finds
the total effect palatable. But
most Americans don't like opera,"
he added, "mostly because they
don't know much about it-a kind
of inverse snobbism."
Gillis' interest in opera came
about as a composer. "I was look-
ing for other things to write," he
said. "I wrote a few that I im-
mediately squelched, but now I
have four worth keeping."

His hobby is American music in
general and American opera as
opposed to operas of other na-
tions. "I tire of continual opera-
going-to traditional opera, that
is. I've seen them all and if I had
a choice, I'd rather see American
opera."
"This will mark me as a low
brow, but it is something musi-
cians usually don't admit."
American opera composers tend
to write shorter works with sim-
pler techniques involved than do
the old school opera writers, Gillis
noted, because these operas are
usually produced in schools and
community work shops.
750 Opera Houses
There are 750 places in America
where opera can be given, he
added. Most of these are small
production centers which can't
give full-scale opera. So shorter
operas are presented, often of
one act, and smaller casts are
used.
In this country the place where
the most interest is being shown
in opera is in public schools and
colleges, Gillis noted. Educational
centers present opera frequently.
On the professional level New
York City Center is the most ac-
tive American opera production
place in the country, he added.
"The Met doesn't symbolize an
American opera place today, al-
though it undoubtedly will some
day."
Produce 21 Operas
One of the phases of develop-
ment at the National Music Camp
has been American opera, Gillis
pointed out. Last year 21 operas-
all American - were produced
there.
"In America today there is fan-
tastic swirl of creation in opera
writing out of which will come a
few master pieces and many good
works."
"Opera is an exciting new field
of musical development -in this
country for both the composer
and the producer-it just needs
time to happen."

Castro Still
Chases Foe
In Oriente
Sees Gravest Political
Headache as Leader
HAVANA (MP-Opposition from
inside and outside Cuba appeared
yesterday to be giving Prime Min-
ister Fidel Castro his gravest
political headache since he came
to power in January of 1959.
While most Cubans enjoyed a
three - day Easter holiday at
beaches or at home, advices from
Eastern Cuba said Castro is trudg-
ing muddy Oriente Province in
pursuit of a guerrilla band.
The band of about 50 men is
led by Manuel Beaton, a former
captain in Castro's revolutionary
army. He escaped from Havana
military prison and took to the
mountains of Eastern Cuba where
Castro launched his own rebellion.
The pro-Castro newspaper La
Calle said a band of youths who
hoped to join Beaton tried to raid
a police post in Havana's suburbs
to obtain arms but were beaten
off. Four youths were reported
arrested.
Castro's military agents were
reported pressing a sweeping
roundup of persons suspected of
cooperating with the anti-Castro
movements. Military intelligence
says these movements are being
directed from abroad.
The implication is that the
anti-Castro forces are getting
help from such areas as Florida,
where there are many Cuban
exiles.
Cuban officials declined to com-
ment either on the progress of
the roundup or the pursuit of
Beaton. There was no indication
of the number under arrest.
While there is a news blackout
on the operations against Beaton,
the average Cuban in Havana
seemed to be well informed on the
situation. Pro-Castro Cubans were
taking a grave view of events in
Oriente province.

WASHINGTON (M) - Teamsters
Union President James R. Hoffa
yesterday filed a court request
asking United States District
Judge F. Dickinson Letts to dis-
qualify himself from presiding
over further Teamster legal mat-
ters..
He accused the judge of bias
and prejudice.
There was no immediate com-
ment from Letts, who has pressed
a cleanup drive against the union.
The judge will be 85 on April 26,
the eve of Hoffa's scheduled ouster
trial on charges of misusing union
funds in a Florida real estate ven-
ture.
Letts now is on a - Caribbean
cruise.
It will be up to the judge to de-
cide whether to disqualify him-
self under the infrequently used
"affidavit of disqualification" filed
in district court here yesterday by

an attorney for Hoffa, H. Clifford
Allder.
It Letts refuses to do so, Allder
said, there is no appeal and the
ouster trial will go ahead. But
Allder said that if an appeal is
made later from the final trial
ruling, an issue could be made be-
fore the appeals court if Letts re-
fuses yesterday's disqualification
request.
The Hoffa affidavit said Letts

has a personal prejudice and bias
against the union president and is
biased in favor of Chief Teamster
Monitor Martin F. O'Donoghue
and Godfrey P. Schnidt, aformer
monitor.
Schmidt, a New York attorney,
filed suit 21/2 years ago in behalf
of rank-and-file Teamsters mem-
bers asking that Hoffa be barred
from the union presidency.

7t[l s . irl i an ailg

Second Front Page
Sunday, April 17,1960

Page(



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De Gaulle To Make New Bid
For Bigger French Voice

WASHINGTON (W) - FrenchY
President Charles de Gaulle is
due to make a new bid to Presi-
dent Dwight D. Eisenhower next
week for a greater voice for France
in Allied decisions on grand strat-
egy the world over.
De Gaulle and Eisenhower will
begin a series of high policy talks
within hours after the French
Chief of State arrives here Friday
afternoon. The talks will continue
through Monday. On Tuesday de
Gaulle will leave for New York
and a swing around the country.
The lanky, 69-year-old general's

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Summit prospects are scheduled
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Gaulle sessions, diplomats said.
But it is in this connection, they
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One of these divisions Is the
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