Seventieth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS "When Opinions Are Free Truth Will Prevail" STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. 0 ANN ARBOR, MICH. 0 Phone NO 2-3241 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily ex TUESDAY, A BARRING a his behal san Quentin execution wi anticipation reprives. As the nin troversy over Those favorir Chessman c( must pay the repeat that i has been in prieved eigh crime is no 1 They will stenographer mony died be be transcribe transcribed b riage to the was not perm where they w defending sot who feel the tempers will REGARDLE proponent agree with op punishment this should b issue ever ;be vidual case? Granted, t! which argue but extenuati in a dispropoi tion cases. W berg and S defendants di Loeb where e) tually saved ti that in capita MAX LER or the editors. This mui PRIL 12, 1960 Chessman xpress the individual opinions of staff writers st be noted in all reprints. NIGHT EDITOR: KATHY MOORE Execution Would Be Blot on Country another unforeseen intercession on clearcut case. The fact that, the extenuating f, Caryl Chessman will die in the circumstances vary is not nearly so important gas chambers on May 2. His as the fact that they are almost always present. ll climax twelve years spent in The State of California's readiness to recog- of death, interrupted by eight nize these circumstances and postpone Chess- man's execution indicates that nobody wants nth execution date nears, the con- to be morally responsible for such an action. its justice will arise once more. It represents acknowledgement of the fact ng the execution will repeat that that no matter what crime a man has com- ommitted a capital offense and mitted, a life is never so worthless that there penalty. Those who oppose it will are no obstacles to extinguishing it. t is inhuman to kill a man who prison for twelve years and re- PERHAPS this is a hea hy sign. It may mean t times, particularly when his that despite California's recent decision to onger punishable by death, maintain capital punishment, people are be- cite the fact that the court ginning to realize that taking a man's life is who recorded Chessman's testi- not the way to cure society's ills even when we fore two-thirds of his notes could are indisputably certain of his guilt. Capital ed, that these notes were later punishment with all the nightmarishly im- y a man related through mar- personal calculations it involves is an infinitely prosecution, and that Chessman greater sin than the worst imaginable nmur- itted to be present at the hearing der which at least entails a human element. ere read. Those who feel they are The fact that execution is carried out coldly ciety will line up against those and methodically is supposedly sane, just indi- ey are defending humanity and viduals and rationalized as a "duty" to the flare. state adds to its fanatical vindictiveness. Since it is statistically proved that capital SS of the poct raised, however, punishment is not even a deterrent to potential ponents that the issue of capital criminals, conscientious citizens are slowly. .f o . . a beginning to realize that there is no ethical itself is not involved. Ideally, justification for its continuance. Thus the e the case. But can the whole question is not, "Does Chessman deserve to entirely divorced-from the mndi- die?" but "do we have the right to execute anyone?" Regardless of the circumstances of iere are unusual circumstances the individual case, the whole concept of against Chessman's execution, capital punishment must always be on trial ngcircumstances sm o aris along with the defendant. rtionately high number of execu-slnwihtedfda. e have only to recall the Rosen- If Chessman dies, his execution will be a acco-Vanzetti trials where the far greater wrong than the crime he com- ed, and the case of Leopold and mitted. It will be a crime against human pro- xtraordinary circumstances even- gress and a blot on the conscience and code he lives of the two boys, to realize of justice of the entire country. l cases there is seldom a simple, -JUDITH OPPENHEIM INER: "I Packed My Kit in a Hurry, but I Have Everything I'll Need" -. .i r 7 T u EAM PA I #1- 7-7 M 19.o -r46 c.JA . A 4 ~A #PAtrC 4 AT THE MOViES 'Sapphire' * * * by J. L. FORSHT "SAPPHIRE," the English film now at the State Theatre, is poorly paced, unimaginatively shot, its best effects borrowed. It deserves atten ion nevertheless, for it deals with the subject of miscegenation. The film begins with the discovery of Sapphire in Hampstead Heath. She is quite dead, apparently the victim of nothing more than the usual homicide. Autopsy reveals that she was pregnant. The obvious suspect, therefore, is her lover-a university student (and you know how. they can be) who had just won a scholarship to study in Rome. Although the student in question insists that they were in love and soon to be married, the police suspect that perhaps he wanted the scholarship more than he wanted Sapphire. MATTERS become further complicated when it is learned that Sapphire was a product of miscegenation, who had lived in a Negro society before suddenly discovering that she was light enough to pass for a white girl. At this point she had deserted her Negro friends and, had moved exclusively in white circles. Racial hatred is thus established as having been the motive for the murder, and the number of suspects grow to include several of her former Negro friends as well as the family into which she was to marry. HER NEGRO FRIENDS implicitly share this motive of hatred: Sapphire had crossed the color line, she got what she deserved. At its best, "Sapphire" delivers a realistic social punch. At its worst it degenerates into that clipped, understated form of Scotland Yard melodrama that the British film makers never tire of perpetu- ating. But it represents a worthy attempt to probe the social issue of our time, and to this extent it is worth seeing. 'He Who Must Die' , . by PATRICK CHESTER A TRULY moving and profound motion picture, Jules Dassin's "He Who Must Die," is the current feature at the Campus Theatre. It is particularly significant that it is being shown during this week, Holy Week, because the film is an allegorical retelling of Christ's passion and death based upon the novel "Christ Re-Crucified." The film is set in a Turkish-ruled Greek village in Asia Minor in 1921. In this village, it is the custom every seven years for the villagers to re-enact Christ's Passion. The town council and the local pope, the village priest, choose the players for the sacred drama and it should surprise no one that .the roles are assigned to people who, in reality, are quite like the nersons they.are to play. * * * * THE DRAMATIC conflict is brought about by a group of refugees who are wandering over the countryside because the Turks have de- stroyed their village after they had revolted. The local pope does not want to help these people because doing so might upset delicate balance between the local Greeks and their own Turkish masters. The shepherd-Jesus literally assumes his role and tries to aid the newcomers thus incurring the wrath of the pope and the town council. He is turned over by the Turks to the pope and the council and is killed; but his ideas of charity and benevolence live on in the, villagers' heart. DIRECTOR DASSIN is one of the really great creative talents on the contemporary movie scene. Every one of his shots reveals the sure touch of a master at work. It is hard to single out specific performances or special mention, so high is the overall acting level, but especially good are Pierre Vaneck as the shepherd, Melina Mercouri as the wayward widow, and Maurice Ronet as the son of the village patriarch. VISITS UNIVERSITY: Lord B ridges... An Im pression Events and World Opinion CALCUTTA-In the good old days of political boxing, when Woodrow Wilson and Henry Cabot Lodge aimed lethal blows at each other with bare knuckles, the issue was the League and the Covenant, and whether America would adhere to the World Court. But there is in truth a world court today, and willy-nilly, every nation belongs to it-even those who are in the United Nations, like China, or those who would like to get out of it, like South Africa. Whatever other issues have arisen, this one is closed. Take the case of China. Despite Nehru's theory and Krishna Menon's, that the Chinese blundered unintentionally into their border aggression in Ladakh, the best view in India is that they intended it but miscalculated. At the risk of a bad pun I should call it a Hima-' layan miscalculation, both of the'Indian re- action and the universal Asian response. There is a difference between a blunder anrd a mis- calculation. BUT WHICHEVER it was, Chou En-lai would not be coming to New Delhi if there were not a world court of opinion which he assessed badly. Without supply roads or logistics, and with inferior planes that could not match the Chinese, Nehru played it entirely for that world court. He had his hands -full at home, where the leaders of the normally tiny oppo- sition found themselves expressing the full rage and frustration of the Indian people. Even now Acharya Kripilanl, Minoo Masani, and the other Opposition leaders have joined in a manifesto to Nehru to push the Chinese out of the occupied territory and then negotiate. I don't know how Mao tse-Tung, who is a master of the tactic of zigzag in history, will fit this one into his now overworked doctrine of "contradictions" in Marxist theory. It has been the boast of the tough-minded Chinese leaders that they deal only with the hard facts of population, resources, armies, technology, and power, unlike the tender-minded liberals of the West who deal with the intangibles of world opinion. It looks now as if the Chinese bad miscalculated on the intangibles. Above all else, they had not counted on the rise in Editorial Staff THOMAS TURNER. Editor IHLIP POWER ROBERT JUNKER ditorial Director City Editor IM BENAGH................ ...... Sports Editor ETER DAWSON ............ Associate City Editor 3HARLES KOZOLL .............Personnel Director fOAN KAATZ. Magazine Editor ARTON HUTHWAITE . Associate Editorial Director RED KATZ..............Associate Sports Editor AVE LYON .........Associate Sports Editor O HARDEE..................Contributing Editor RNOLD TOYNBEE............ Contributing Editor Russian prestige in Asia in contrast with the fall in their own. Hence Chou's mission to New Delhi. THE CASE OF SOUTH AFRICA presents an even clearer and more massive condemna- tion before the world court. In one of those tricks that history plays it was left to the grandson of Henry Cabot Lodge to cast Ameri- ca's vote for the resolution of censure in the Security Council. Russia and the United States vied with each other in condemning Ver- woerd's massacre at Langa, not only on what- ever ethical scruples each mustered, but be- cause each is desperately wooing the new Afri- can-Asian nation-states. Even the British and French delegates, who abstained from voting on tactical grounds, made the right noises of revulsion on moral grounds. The problem which bothered the British and French was that of non-intervention in the internal affairs of any nation. It was the same problem that bothered Nehru and Krishna Menon when the latter made his fateful 'United Nations speech on the Tibetan resolu- tion. It is the old question of sovereignty, and it is time we faced the need for rethinking it. Yesterday it was the Russians in Hungary and the Chinese in Tibet who invoked it. Today it is the South Africans. Tomorrow it will be- who? And in what cause? WE LIVE ON THE edge of history, when no nation dare go all the way in using either its sovereignty or its full power, lest it plunge the world into a crisis from which there is no return. Dulles was perhaps the last of the world decision-makers to play with the idea of brinkmanship. Even he was aghast when'An- thony Eden went him one better, and charged over the brink at Suez. The question for political leaders today is not how close to the edge you come, but how far from the edge can you get. I don't mean that there will be real headway made at the Geneva disarmament talks, or even at the Paris summit. Eisenhower still seems to think that America can make headway in the nuclear weapons race, in order to bargain from strength at the summits to come, when the fact is that nuclear advantage is illusory. There can no longer be unlimited national sovereignty, for the simple reason that no na- tion dare any longer use the full measure of its power nor can it carry out its threats. De Gaulle, having exploded the second French atom-bomb, is probably no closer to using either of the two models than he was before he had them. Under the system of classical world politics the idea was to amass power in order to use it at need. Today the members of the Nuclear Club, into which De Gaulle was graciously inducted the other day by khrushchev, have surplus power which they dire not use but which they also dare not ranps an -pf m.. By PAT GOLDEN and PHILIP SHERMAN Daily Staff Writers T IS PERHAPS typical of Lord Bridges that he doesn't plan to write his memoirs. Having been secretary to the British war cabinet, he would have every right to do so, but appar- ently this is not his way. His state- ment, "I don't really like express- ing opinions on things I don't know much about," seems to re- flect a personal reticence above and beyond the typical British habit of understatement. Bridges was speaking specifically of his tour of the University's Phoenix Project, which he visited last week, but the impression is borne out by some of his other views. For instance, his judgment of Neville Chamberlain: "He had many good. qualities for a peace- time prime minister. He was very knowledgeable concerning social conditions and local government, but he lacked some of those re- quired in a great war leader." ON THE subject of civil service he was equally diplomatic. "One advantage of our system is that with fewer political appointments to minor posts, it is easier for per- sonnel to move up in the hier- archy. This improves incentive and makes recruitment much easier." He didn't want to criticize the American system, but he evi- dently preferred the British. Bridges often gave a strong im- pression that he had stronger opinions about many matters than he was willing to express. One reason was, as he himself pointed out, that though he no longer has any official position.in Great Brit- ain, his opinions would be taken Bridges thinks opinions like these are "more human and to the point" than many observations on world affairs. However, he did comment on some of the men with whom he worked during World War II. Winston Churchill, for instance, "was obviously a tremendous lead- er of the nation. He had a very good understanding of how war is carried on . . . the strategy and the decisions. He also expressed the will and determination of the British people, which kept them aroused. He had all the qualities to lead a nation with its back against the wall. He did a job which nobody else could have done." BRIDGES emphatically sup- ported reduction of barriers to free trade. He noted that artificial bar- riers between nations make it harder to have a large-scale ex- port trade which Britain needs, and finds the possibilities of a trade war between the European Common Market and the so-called 'Outer Seven' very unfortunate. "I hope the two bodies get as near as possible to each other." He also favors fewer barriers in free world- Communist trade. The current imbalance of United States foreign trade is not serious, Bridges feels. "America seems strong enough to stand a move- ment of thisc kind for some time without serious damage to its in- terests." Germany's remarkable indus- trial recovery means that Britain must work especially hard to keep up its position in world trade. "I see no reason why we can't keep up," he asserted, "provided we don't get complacent, and that we improve on our industrial capacity and new inventions." Bridges was only able to be in Ann Arbor for a week. He came specifically to speak at the fiftieth anniversary celebration of the po- litical science department, which he says is well-known in England. The Inside Story To The Ends & Means To the Editor: IN a leaflet currently being dis- tributed by pickets in the vicin- ity of the Cousins Shop here in Ann Arbor, one of the justifica- tions of the tactic being used is this: "Mrs. Cousins has continued to deny Negroes the right to try on clothing." At the risk of going out on a )imb without much material sup- port, I would like to ask an obvious question which seems to have been studiously ignored thus far: Could it be that Mrs. Cousins refuses to allow Negroes to try on her dres- ses because she knows that her other patrons would subsequently refuse to purchase them? If so, is it not then true that her store is being picketed and her livelihood endangered because she insists upon practicing good (if not currently acceptable to all) business. THIS IS ADMITTEDLY con- jecture, but there is a very real point to be made. If we are going to be idealistic and strive toward the "American" traditions of equality and individual worth, then are we not engaging in the most ludicrous stupidity (even hypocrisy) by dealing with effects rather than with causes? The Cousins Shop may or may not practice discrimination; but it is a certainty that this would not long be tolerated by patrons who did not (at least tacitly) ap- prove. If we must resort to pick- eting, let us use our pickets where they belong. A little serious reflection will show that instances such as this one, action outwardly asserted to be for the purpose of preserving, liberty, are definitely antidemo- Herblock . To the Editor: rp E editorial cartoon which ap- peared in the April 9th issue of The Daily is merely one of a long series in which Mr. Herblock has allowed his strongly partisan feelings to lead him completely away from the facts. The cartoon to which I refer sharply criticized the President for not being in- terested in the racial conflicts which are now occurring in Amer- ica. It meant to imply a "soft" attitude toward civil rights on the part of the Administration. Nothing could be further from the truth! The Eisenhower Ad- ministration has strongly sup- ported full civil rights for all Americans. The Justice Depart- inent has fought on behalf of op- pressed people in the courts and1 has also been instrumental in the implementation of civil rights leg- islation. Certainly the most dra- matic evidence of Mr. Eisenhow- er's genuine support of civil rights occurred when he chose to enforce the law in Little Rock by using federal troops. It is very doubtful if any Demo- cratic president (the party toward which Mr. Herblock so obviously leans) would have dared do this for fear of splitting that party. Any implications by Mr. Herblock that the Eisenhower Administra- tion is "soft" on civil rights can only be regarded as falsehoods. *~ * * THE DAILY also degerves to be chided in this matter. In its dedi- cated desire to be liberal it has attached itself to Mr. Herblock and closed its eyes to reality. It is not the intention of this letter to criticize the liberal point of view to which The Daily sub- scribes, but rather to plead for5 enlightened lihnlisam a lihval- --Daily-James Richman I beg your pardon, but this is a Michigras ticket booth and nothing else! DAILY OFFICIAL BULLE-TIN THE RT. HON. LORD BRIDGES ... British Civil Servant as official in the United States. Another was his infinitely great tact. Churchill wrote of Bridges, "Not only was this son of a former Poet Laureate an extremely com- petent and tireless worker, but he was also a man of exceptional force, ability and personal charm, without a trace of jealousy in his nature. All that mattered to him was that the War Cabinet Secre- tariat as a whole should serve ... to the very best of their ability. "No thought of his own personal position ever entered his mind and never a cross word passed between the civil and military officers of the Secretariat." - The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of The Univer- sity of Michigan for which The Michigan Daily assumes no edi- torial responsibility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3519 Administration Build- ing, before 2 p.m. the day preceding publication. Notices for Sunday Daily due at 2:00 p.m. Friday. TUESDAY, APRIL 12, 1960 VOL. LXX, NO. 139 General Notices President and Mrs. Hatcher will hold open house for students at their home Wed., April 13 from 4 to 0 p.m. Extra ushers are needed for the hal Holbrook-Mark Twain Show on Tues., April 12. Anyone interested, please re- port to the East door of Hill Aud. at 7:30 p.m. Tuesday. All regular Lecture Series ushers are reminded that this event is the 5th in the series and was postponed from Feb. 27. Please be there. Applicants for the Joint Program in Liberal Arts and Medicine: Application for admission to the Joint Program in Liberal Arts and Medicine must be ther information: NO 3-1511, ext. 3383 or 3048. Undergraduate Women Students, now on campus who do not have a housing commitment for the fall semester, 1960, may apply for housing at the Office of the Dean of Women, S.A.B., beginning Wed., April 13. In addition, League House applications are asked to apply on Wed., April 13. Fulbright Awards for University Lee- turing and Advanced Research have been announced for 1961-62 in Austral- ia, New Zealand, the countries of South and Southeast Asia, and Latin America. Those applying must be U.S. citizens; for lecturing, must have at least one year of 'college or university teaching experience; and for research, a doctoral degree at the time of application, or recognized professional standing. Ap- plication forms may be obtained from the Conference Board of Associated Re- search Councils, Committee of Inter- national Exchange of Persons. 2101 Con- stitution Avenue, Washington 25, D.C. Deadline for filing an application for these countries is April 25, 1960. Furthejr information may be obtained at the Fellowship Office. in the Graduate School.