CHE SMAN: DISPUTE OVER JUSTICE Seventieth Year of Editorial Freedom :4 a14 PARTLY CLOUDY Nigh-58 Y JLoW-44- Warmer in the afternoon; little change in evening temperatures. See Pace 4 w.a. w wnr -. - *OC VYPL. LiAA, N'o. 131 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, APRIL 12, 1960 FIVE CENTS SIX _._ _ - _ _ _. f Na Jif# IN DEMONSTRATIONS: Morality Shows Courage Automation: Key to New Er t4 DEMONSTRATORS -- Charles Shockley (left) and Virginius Thornton of Virginia State College for Negroes visited Ann Arbor Sunday as guests of the local NAACP. Amherst Students Prepare To Back Sit-Down Strikes By RALPH-KAPLAN Special To The Daly The first student march on Washington in support of lunch counter sit-down strikes in the South is being organized at Amherst University. The Student Council, Christian Association, and "Amherst-Stu- dent," the campus newspaper, are leaders. Plans have been made to picket the White House Thursday. A leader of the drive has said the protest "will forcibly dramatize the younger generation's support of the Southern Negro's attempt to By THOMASrTURNER Editor and JEAN SPENCER Demonstrations against segre- gation in the South represent a new morality of the American Negro-a "morality of courage," according to Virginius Thornton, Negro educator from Petersburg, Virginia. Thornton, 4 years old, is a graduate assistant in the history department of the Virginia State College for Negroes. He and senior biology major Charles Shockley, 22 years old, were invited to speak to the local NAACP chapter on protest demonstrations in the South in which they have been involved. Thornton explained that he went to jail following the first protest against segregation in the Petersburg Public Library. Five hundred are now willing to go to Jail. The Emancipation Proclamation was 100 years old, he pointed out. "For a long time the Negro has asked for equality; now he's de- manding it." Only-Semi-Iterate Inequality of voting rights in Petersburg amounts to taxation of Negroes without representa- ~tion, Shockley said. A person wish- ing to register is handed a blank sheet which must be filled out with eight items in a prescribed order; if one is irregular, the per- son may not register. Shockley said many Virginia Negroes are only semi-literate. The library, focus of Petersburg demonstrations, is segregated into a white library upstairs, a Negro one in the basement. Given To City The building was given to the city in 1923, Thornton said, with rt S upport University students will solicit funds for lawyers to defend stu- dent demonstrators arrested for protesting discrimination in the South, Brereton Bissell, '61, said yesterday. In the Mason Hall lobby stu- dents wishing to help carry buckets in the fundddrive will be signed up, he added. the provision it would revert to the donor's family if segregation was not maintained. The present heir of the donor wrote the Petersburg City Coun- cil last June saying times have changed and the library should be desegregated. The City Council did not release the letter. Recently, since the library was See CITES, Page 2 r r r f By NAN MARKEL . .. We are entering a new technological era, an era in which drastic changes are being made in our world of work . . ."1 This new era will be keynoted by use of "the most recent and dramatic advances in technology -those identified as automation," two University social scientists point out. Studying ways to cope with changes automation will bring, they say companies which want to introduce automation will have to plan for the social as well as the technical impact of the change. "People must be considered as being integral parts of the pro- duction process," Professors Floyd C. Mann and L. Richard Hoffman of the Survey Research Center indicate in their just-published book "Automation and the Work- er." It is based on a study of two electric power plants, conventional Stand and highly autometized Ad- vance. Impact of Automation The authors deal with "the im- pact of automation on the or- ganization of work and on the work life of the people involved." And they note automation may not work well unless these work- ers are considered every step of the way. "Several traps await the plan- ners of technological change -- traps that are rarely side-stepped except by the thoroughly initi- ated," they warn. What are these traps? First, businessmen may be "preoccupied" with the machinery being changed - the heavy investment which automation requires demands top management's attention. Manage- ment fails to work so fully with the people whose jobs are being changed-"to recognize the deli- cate interactive balance between. technical and social systems." Express Misgivings So while the new technological changes are being introduced, "certain groups and individuals begin to express misgivings about' the functions they will be ex- pected to perform. "They may even actively resist the implementation of the new process." Management "patches up" its personal problems, and returns its attention to technical problems, anly to have personnel difficulties erupt again. A design for auto- mation which considers at the start the psychological and social factors as well as the technologi- cal and economic ones will check this trouble, the authors believe. Second 'Trap' A second "trap" awaits would- be automatizers-committing re- sources too soon to one irrevoc- able plan. Professors Mann and Hoffman suggest: "At the end of each stage (in changing over to automation) an evaluation could be made, along with a forecast of the effectiveness of continued change in that direction, with the possibility of alternative actions being taken if the evaluations were poor." Third pitfall-overlooking the impact of automation in one unit on the rest of the company. Start of work at Advance plant defi- nitely affected workers at older plant Stand. Steady Employment "While automation thus in- creased the prestige of a handful of men working in the new plant, the vast majority of production employees felt they suffered some' loss." Most company workers realized that Advance's greater efficiency in production meant steady er ployment for workers at Advanc They felt that an economic dow turn wold bring layoffs at t older less efficient plants. "Thus," the social scientists r port, "whereas automation spell job security and opportunity R personal growth for the men the ne'r plant, it created feelin of fear and job insecurity in th workers in the older plant. Press Too Hard "Such feelings can be expect to result in mounting pressure b the unions for guarantees of jo security, resistance to any chang in the older plants which mig be interpreted in any way threatening the security of jo there, and incrpased rumors abm any management activity which perceived as eventually cuttin costs at the expense of people." Fourth "trap"'comes.in pressin See SEE, Page 2 House Boost Democrats To Al Advocat in Education Allocatio h City Reviews 4 Million GOP Budget By THOMAS HAYDEN and ANDREW HAWLEY City Administrator Guy C. Lar- com submitted a $4 million budget for fiscal 1960-61 to the new City Council last night. The budget, which includes $4,- 098,840, excluding self - financed utilities, calls for a tax increase of .89 mills, the first increase in three years. The General. Operating Fund, comprising three-fourths of the total budget, accounts for $195,000 of the operating expense increase which signifies an improvement or expansion in operating programs. The major increase is for im- proved public safety, including ad- ditions to and changes in the po- lice, fire andehealth departments. New Offices Expenses were also attributed to the 1960 presidential election,' a full-time city personnel officer, a new position in the assessor's office and special expenditures in- cluding City Hall improvements. The new Department of Park- ing and Traffic Engineering, per- sonnel advancements, and the Parks and Recreation budget are other major expense areas. The Special section of the Gen- eral Fund includes pension and so- cial security expenses, as well as capital outlay for construction and street maintenance and im- provements. Increase Necessary Larcom said the tax increase, the first in three years, was needed for "necessary and significant in- creases," but "still does not meet' all of the city's needs." Among these he listed a new City Hall, additional fire stations, and proposed major highways that are not covered by weight and gas tax income. In other action, Council heard census director Kurt Will warn that "hard - to - find" University students may cut into city profits from the 1960 census. Will said census enumerators have become discouraged because of the necessity of many "call- backs" to determine numbers of students in unsupervised housing. Receives Fee The city receives $11 per year from the federal government for each individual counted, Will em- phasized. If the enumerators could uncover tenmore students, for ex- ample, the city would profit by $1,100 until the 1970 census. Larcom was authorized to dis- burse up to $500 at his discretion. 4 L 1 k k R W , r eradicate the social injustices done to him." It is also intended to protest token integration and the weak stand taken by President Dwight D. Eisenhower about rac- ial problems. The protest, which will be lead by the Student Council president, is intended to be a peaceful dem- onstration. All marchers are re- quired to wear sport coats and ties, there will be no talking by, the picketers and no women will be allowed in the procession. It is hoped that 100 students, one tenth of Amherst's enroll- ment, will participate. By yester- day afternoon 75 students had signed up to go. The administration has given unofficial approval of the action, the associate managing editor of the "Student" reported. Test schedules were rearranged to allow enough time for students to go on the 400 mile trip to Washington. There has been a reaction against the march at the college. NSA Elects Seasonwein, Feldeamp By KENNETH McELDOWNEY Roger Seasonwein, '61, was elected chairman of the Michigan Region of the United States Na- tional Student Association Sun- day. The post of executive vice- chairman was won by John Feld- kamp, '61, Student Government Council president. A third Univer- sity student, Casey King, '62, was nominated for the office of inter- national affairs vice-chairman but declined to run just before the election. Wynell Whitmore, from Wayne State University, after be- ing defeated by Seasonwein for chairman was elected national af- fairs vice-chairman. The fourth state office, international affairs vice-chairman, was filled by Jo Ann Madonna of Marygrove Col- lege. "The Michigan Region needs an effective sounding board for stu- dent opinion," Seasonwein said. "Of course increased communi- cation is merely a means to an end-betterment of student gov- ernment on every campus." He said the Michigan Region must solidify their present position instead of merely embarking on an expansive campaign. "We must improve our internal position while trying to increase the num- ber of member organizations. Central Michigan University hosted close to 100 representa- tives from 11 Michigan colleges. Michigan State University, Mus- kegon Community College and' Northwood College, while not members of NSA, sent representa- tives. ° yye~r, '.y,,..r ,.,}}} r ,,yyg ". {fir , rr {f r eqn'rf;{fi . ;rav,.* artv ;p! A . - +r3 },+rv.w ,i r ,y: {' Mary Wellman, Panliel President, Instructor Boroff Attacks Faculties, Administrations By University Press Service Not satisfied with finding that students "go to college because it's the thing to do," and that a "college degree has become a B.$. to most students," David Boroff, the Brooklyn College English instructor who has recently been criticizing American education, has now leveled his sights at the faculties, curricula and administrations of America's colleges.and universities. In an article in Harper's Magazine: "American Colleges: What Their Catalogues Never Tell You," Boroff observed that "college pro- fessors and students are actors in avast comedy; a mad travesty of CR0W E C N solemn ritual, wasted time, and W E COND] trumped up c'aims." Two-Year Study Basing his findings on a two- lU ' M usi year study of a dozen campuses, where he talked with presidents, deans, professors and students,, Boroff found fault with much of America's higher educational in- stitutions.f From scholarly journals to extra-curricular activities, from. professors to students, and from ' administrators to curricula, Boroff concluded that colleges can be divided into two categories; "those which we might call adolescent reservations, fenced off from seri- ous adult concerns, and those which represent a transition toy adulthood.", Pertaining to curriculum and teaching, Boroff complained about the scarcity of new ideas, depth and breadth, "Talk to students and you can compile a bleak an- thology of boredom, inertia, ,and ineptness among teachers." To Combat Lethargy By JEAN SPENCER "I think success is reached in a living unit when every mem- ber of the house is happy as an individual." This definition, stressing de- velopment of the various facets of the individual, is one way of stating the philosophy behind Mary Wellman's direction of Panhellenic during her year as president. A low voice, a calm face and smooth hair complement Mary's responsive, self-contained atti- tude toward her full life. Her conversation reflects a wide range of objectives and interests, and a quiet concern for developing them in the sim- plest, most effective way. The stereotype organization woman -typically rather than repre- sentative - is Mary Wellman's direct opposite. "The idea of having a routine life scares me," she says. "I'd hate to fall into a rut." Mary likes to select courses from widely diverse fields, as well as those relating to her major, ele- mentary education. She has particularly enjoyed studying fine arts and English, and has an enthusiastic outside interest in music. As retiring Panhellenic presi- dent, Mary emphasized that "in my organization, the activity doesn't have to be a back- breaker." She sees student or- ganizations moving away from "activity for activity's sake." Reexamine Activities Students in extracurricular activities are devoting more and more time to examining their activities with a view to cutting out unnecessary "mickey- mouse," Mary says, attributing this trend to increased aca- demic expectations. .A. C ..... . . . . ... ITIONS: c School Endures emergency Situation By RUTH EVENHUIS 'We've been living in an emer- gency situation for over ten years," Dean Earl V. Moore remarked on the needs of the music school. Three years ago, he said re- cently, the Regents approved let- ting a $3.9 million contract for a music school building in the ex- pectation that the legislature would provide funds for initiating construction. While the project has been stalled for lack of ap- propriations, inflation has pushed the estimated cost to $4,435,000. In the meantime, students are forced to work in cramped quar- ters, utilizing such unorthodox areas as hallways and storage rooms for rehearsal and practice space. Moore explained that, although music students need two to four of space." The practicing students often disturb one another. "Library facilities are spread from books temporarily housed in the chemistry building to the per- manent collection in the general library and in Burton Tower." The music school library in Burton Tower offers only 28 seats to ac- commodate the 610 music students. Crowded Conditions Crowded conditions have ren- dered almost inaccessible the Stell- man Collection of Books and Manuscripts acquired in Belgium in 1954 at a cost of $100,000 to the Michigan Alumni Fund. According to Moore, this collec- tion "makes the University a po- tentially important center for musicological research," but the existing conditions make it im- possible to shelve and catalogue it adequately.