u 4r Aridiigatt aiy Seventieth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIvERsrTY of MlCHIAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARDI N CONTROL Of STUDENT PUBLICATIONS STUDENT PUBLICATIONs BDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 hen Opinions Are Free Truth Will Prevail" Smoke-Filled Room-1960 AT RACKHAM: Performance Lacks' Brilliance IN THE CONCERT field, pianists are most abundant and it seems that every civic concert series bills at least one, often more than one, program of piano music. The public (the general public, that is) is not overly familiar with the harpsichord and the skill required to play the instrument. Last night in Rackham Lecture Hall, the Ann Arbor public (quite a large showing) heard a program of harpsichord music. Mme. Alice Ehlers played forty-five minutes of Bach and Haydn and left the audi- Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. [URSDAY, MARCH 24, 1960 NIGHT EDITOR: NAN MARKEL South Africa in Turmoil: Prelude to a Disaster "3 . ,1 ' . ; ;, ' ,",,,_ / +Y i- T'{t .. ti . ..ti..r r . ._,,,,. , ate""'. ! r ,. .'w R " .. . p I' 54 IA -. 1, { ':1 u.- !~ A SOUTH AFRICANS who have held f&rm to the rigid segregation policy of "apartheid" for over 50 years are eager to isolate their problem from the rest of the world's racial difficulties. Their attitude has been one of open antag- onism toward those who even hinted that it might be time for the Union to do something about the legalized concept of White Suprem- acy.. The South African delegation to the United Nations walked out twice when attempts were made to bring up issues dealing with the isolation of the black man. The feelings of the staunch devotees of apartheid has been equally malicious toward any idea concerning the development of viable states north of the Union. An educator for a college in South Africa who visited Ann Arbor last spring conveyed this impression quite graphically. He spoke with disdain about some of the Negro "African leaders" who were trying to stir up a largely apathetic native population. He further emphasized the whites desire for isolation by pointing out that you can't talk about the Union until you have lived there" and that the apartheid policy would ultimate- ly be best for the Bantu (pure Negro) and mixed colored (mulatto) groups. IN SOUTH AFRICA, that man who believes in education for the black man would be called a liberal. Those who toe the line marked out by such strong national leaders as the late Premier Danial Malan and the present Prime Minister Henrik F. Verwoerd would have fav- ored more restrictive action. As an example, the apartheid advocates have worked to isolate the Bantu and coloreds in re- serves which would circle the country. The re- serves are composed almost entirely of land Contamination SOUTHAFRICA is not going to get tele- vision because it would undermine and destroy the white man's rule here, the Minister of Posts and Telegraphs, Dr. Albert Hertzog, said yesterday. Hertzog told the senate: "The whites can maintain the position of rulership only if they remain superior to the non- whites. This cannot be achieved if such bad influences as television and all its accompanying evils are allowed to con- taminate our young people who'll be leaders of the country in the future." He's right--It mixes black and white in a very small area. P. D. S. which would be useless for farming and is al- most devoid of valuable mineral resources. Termed "Bantustans" the reserves would take blacks out of the cities, away from the rich in- dustrial areas and generally retard their de- velopment, by placing them on an almost sub- sistence level. Ostensibly these Bantustans would provide separate but equal facilities. In reality, they fall far short of that level of segregated ideal- ism. Yet the leaders stand by the plan as they still favor the identification pass system which is the basis for the most recent violent out- bursts in the Union. The reactionary heads of government main- tain an identification system which was insti- tuted in 1907 to keep the black man out of the cities. There has been opposition to it before but it has been relatively minor compared to Monday's outburst which shocked the entire world. FOR WHAT STARTED as a peaceful demon- stration by the Pan-African Congress react- ing against the required pass book, has been turned into a demonstration of government brutality. An "uneasy truce" has only developed because of rigid police control and it appears that explosive reactions could suddenly develop elsewhere in the Union. Incidents could also occur in response to other restrictions hinging on the question of individual rights. In the recent swing toward self-determina- tion for the darker peoples of Africa, the Union has been unique. They have resisted the move- ments toward independence of the colored be- cause they fear a weakening of their own su- perior racial position. They had hoped to remain isolated from the political activity occurring elsewhere on the continent. The violence associated with the pass issue clearly points out that the Union cannot stifle the black man's desire for expres- sion and ultimate right to self-determination. IT SEEMS obvious that the white man's fu- ture is severely limited as the ruling class in all parts of sub-sahara Africa. South Africans may be convinced that they can forestall this trend, but the recent outbreak along with the vast number of "incidents" contradicts any idea of this nature. At present rate, experts predict that in 10 to 20 years there will be a "violent explosion" which will finally settle the race question in South Africa. Hopeful signs of realistic leader- ship have brightened the outlook somewhat. But if the present situation is an example of how South Africa faces the future, then only the worst possible outcome can unfortunately be expected. -CHARLES KOZOLL 111 NI co, .5 - MPx1 G ,... '", 40woo +.+ .tcrx c+rt osr srer ence in a peculiar state: is she a Ehlers has a grand reputation as both a teacher and a lecturer but I do believe she is no performer. THE PROGRAM was originally Scheduled to include the "Italian Concerto" by J. S. Bach but due to Mme. Ehlers health, this por- tion of the program was omitted. The opening "Concerto in D minor" by the above master was quite disappointing. The sounds which were regis- tered from the instrument were completely mechanical. There was no sense of phrasing and even though the harpsichord does not produce the sonorities of the pian- oforte, it seems as though some- thing could be done to make the tone more pleasing. The last move- ment (which is one of Glenn Gould's favorites, by the way) left much to be desired. Missing a note here and there is excusable, but when phrase end- ings and brilliant broken-octave passages approach inaudibility, the performer needs to be repri- manded. The J. C. Bach "Concerto in B- fiat Major" was somewhat more enlightening, but the closing "Con- certo in D Major" by F. J. Haydn which requires a vital set of fingers and a supersensitive touch in the second movement led me to be- lieve that Mme. Ehlers would be far better off if she stuck to lec- turing on "The Art of Playing the Harpsichord." * * * THE ORCHESTRA was superb. The strings blended beautifully in the two Bach concerti and the Haydn, with the addition of two horns and two oboes was remark- ably .sonorous. Professor Josef Blatt deserves the laurels in this performance and the tempi which he established, incidentally, were chosen as his perogatives. It is a shame th~at Mmne. Ehlers had to establish her own at her every entrance. This disturbed the ensemble im- mensely. I am all for programming more harpsichordists and a few less pianists (retaining Dame Myra Hess and Glenn Gould) but why not recruit genuine performers? I am sure Ralph Kirkpatrick would leave us in ecstasy. -Karen McCann fine performer or is she not? Miss INTERPRETING: merica InAfrica By J. M. ROBERTS Associated Press News Analyst HE UNITED STATES, a great democracy which has not yet solved its own racial problems, Is moving directly, deliberately and at some risk into the African po- litical picture. Tuesday's denunciation of the killing of Negro demonstrators in South Africa is far more than a mere expression of traditional American resentment against bru- talization of a submerged people by a minority government. State Department experts have been looking toward Africa with deep concern for a long time: They have hesitated about saying anything because it involved in- tervention in the affairs of an- other nation, but also because of South Africa's position in the worldwide front of free and non- communist nations. They have realized that such intervention would also re-em- phasize the colored world's al- ready intense attention to this country's own racial problems. THE SOUTH AFRICAN explo- sion-comes at a time when there was already concern about the effects abroad of wholesale arrests of Negro demonstrators in the South, and particularly of the pictures of the Orangeburg, S. C. police stockade after one such event. But it also comes at a time when the United States already was aware that the time for in- action had ended. And at a time when African nationalist leaders are beginning to show some ap- preciation of the American effort to move in a direction opposite to that of South Africa. Soviet Russia has been showing special interest in Africa. A small ideological campaign, which in- eluded the luring of African stu- dents from British and European universities to the International Communist University at Prague, has given way to more direct ef- forts at political and econon1p penetration. * * * WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND: Job Given to Lameduck By DREW P'EARSON WASHINGTON -- A lameduck congressman turned up in the office of State Department expert Arthur Richards the other day. He was unshaven and a bit bleary-eyed. Yet he wais reporting for duty as a full-fledged member of the United States delegation to the United Nations "Law of the Sea" conference in Geneva. The lameduck congressman was Edward T. Miller, Republican, from the eastern shore of Mary- land, defeated in 1958, and since then looking for a way to get back to Congress. Through the intervention of Vice-President Nixon, Miller fin- ally got a job as a United States delegate to the important Law of the Sea conference-as a buildup for his next campaign. This conference is dealing, among other things, with the vital question of the three-mile limit which the United States claims should be the extent of offshore water over which any nation can exercise jurisdiction. Russia on the other hand claims 12 miles. The United States is vigorously opposed to this on the ground that a 12-mile limit would close 116 international straits and waterways now open to all na- tions. HEADING this delicate negoti- ation for the - United States is Arthur Dean, law partner of the late John Foster Dulles, who also handled our delicate truce .nego- tiations in Korea. Assisting him is Arthur Richards, with 31 years experience in the State Depart- ment. When the United States delega- tion was being made up, Nixon, intervening through the White House, wanted ex - congressman Miller to get the No. 2 post in- stead of Richards. But Dean re- fused. He wanted an expert sit- ting at his side, not an ex-Con- gressman with no experience in sea law who has not been missed in the Congress since his defeat. In Congress, Miller voted against Eisenhower on scientific aid to education, but for the rivers and harbors pork-barrel bill and for subsidies for airlines. He also got generous campaign con- tributions from many big busi- ness executives, most of them far removed from Maryland. Finally, thanks to Nixon' in- sistence, Miller was included in the United States delegation with the high-sounding title of vice- chairman. He spent part of his time before departure for Geneva taking up the time of other dele- gates inquiring about hotels, res- ervations, and the amount of money he would be paid daily for expenses. (Copyright 1960, by the Bell syndicate) To The Edito Letters to the Editor must be signed and limited to 300 words. The Daily reserves the right to tdit or withhold any letter. . TODAY AND TOMORROW Adenauer in Washington By WnALE RrLIPMANNi Signs of the Times At the State Legislature*... AFTER HIS TALKS with the President, Mr. Adenauer said in a speech before the Na- tional Press Club that one sentence in the of- fcial joint statement "contains the basis for the West's attitude toward Khrushchev's de- mands with regard to Berlin and it is therefore of decisive importance in the present situa- tion." Dr. Adenauer asked us to read this sen- tence "most carefully." What does the sentence, which is of such decisive importance, say? It says that the Pres- ident and the Chancellor "agreed that the preservation of the freedom of the people of West Berlin, and their right of self-determina- tion, must underlie any future agreement af- fecting the city." Any future agreement. If that sentence is as important as Dr. Adenauer says it is, the President and he are agreed that there may be a new settlement in Berlin, which protects its freedom and its right of self-determination. It means, moreover, that they can imagine an agreement on Berlin made before the reunification of Germany. It means, moreover, that they are not committed to in- sisting that the freedom and the right of self- determination of West Berlin can be protected only by the maintenance of the status quo. IF THE SPIRIT and the letter of the Eisen- hower-Adenauer statement express the au- thentic considered view of the Chancellor, then he has been misrepresented in this country by his most ardent supporters. They have been telling us that there should be no negotiations about West Berlin, that any future agreement would be appeasement a surrender to the So- viet Union. They have been insisting that the face of the free world depends upon revoking the promise made at Camp David to negotiate about Berlin. They have, it appears now from the official record, been more royalist than the king, more Adenauer than Adenauer himself. What happened, quite evidently, is that the Chnncellor failed to persuade the President to consider and, if posible, to negotiate the new settlement. This is all that the British govern- ment and all that the American critics of Adenauer's rigidity, have ever wanted to do, THE PRESIDENT has refused to tie his hands and he has preserved intact his right to explore the problem of the future of Berlin. Will this mean that in admitting that there is a problem of Berlin and that he is prepared to discuss it with Khrushchev, he is weakening the Western position? It will look that way to some. But on the whole, he will not, I believe, weaken the Western position and rather he will reinsure it for the future. Because I am convinced that time is not on our side in West Berlin, I believe we should attempt now to negotiate a new settlement which protects the freedom of West Berlin. Mr. K. may refuse to agree to such a settlement. It would not surprise me at all. But our diplo- matic position in Europe and in the rest of the world will be stronger if we have attempted to make it and if we have identified ourselves with a genuine attempt to reach an accommo- dation in Berlin, IERE ARE TWO main reasons why I think the Western position in Berlin will not grow stronger. The first is that Eastern Germany is playing an increasingly important role in the upsurge of the Communist economy. It is sig- nificant, as Flora Lewis reported in "The New York Times" on Sunday, that the migration from West Germany to East Germany is now, half as large as the migration the other way. That reflects the rising economic levels in East- ern Germany. The stronger the East Germany economy be- comes, the more difficult and the more distant will be its integration with Western Germany. THE SECOND reason for wishing to see a serious negotiation about Berlin in the near Dishwater To the Editor: COM.E NOW,. lets be fair. The professors and Doctors of Ed- ucation have a difficult job. In order to certify teachers accord- ing to the niggling requirements of our omniscient state legisla- tures, the School of Education must inflate "How To Teach" (which any dunderhead could hardly fail to absorb after twen- ty-odd years of being taught) into twenty credit hours of the perfectly obvious. The process of being certified to teach in our public schools is warranted to weed out any indi- vidual with originality, r intelli- gence, low tolerance for time- wasting, and antipathy for boot- licking, to use the cleaner phrase. How come? Who has sewed up the profession in this straitjacket of idiotic requirements? Ask most hardworking teachers what good their courses in "Adolescent Psychology" have been when it comes to spoonfeeding the indif- ferent and unmotivated American teenager textbook propaganda for The American Way of Life or other such pap? Common sense and bitter experience make good. teachers, not "The High School Curriculum" and "Teaching Meth- ods in Good Citizenship." NO, I DON'T think the working teachers set these requirements. Administrators and Professional Educators bring organzied pres- sure to bear on the lawmakers to insure that nobody will become a teacher who will not fully co- operate with the Administration in every way. If you 'can stomach twenty hours of educational dish- water without vomiting, why you're the right type. Not to men- New Books at Library Bischof, Werner - The World of Werner Bischof; NY, Dutton Co., 1959. Tlr-.np 711. __ V' P s a T M tion these indices of conformity; the personality tests, the little essays about "My Life" and "Why I Want to Teach," ad tedium. What has happened to the fine old revolutionary traditions of this nation? Why do we submit unresisting to the ponderous ten- tacles of the bureaucracy? Who dares to suggest that Ed school is a waste of time? Who will hold up his head and protest, without fear of reprisal (lower grades, the lukewarm recommendation) and sign his name to it? Not me. -Name Withheld by Request TO MEET THIS, the United States has decided to move di- rectly into African political af- fairs, through aid to emerging nationalist governments in de- veloping their own self-governing talents along democratic lines. The African revolution, in- volving as it does the speciatl interests of some of this country's most important allies,, promises to be a headache for years to come. The United States has decided that, if the new countries now emerging are ever to be her friends, the foundations must be laid n)ow, 'DAILY, OFFICIAL BULLETIN (Continued from Page 2) are now available by mail order. $1.50, 1.10, 75c. send check, payable to Play Production, to PLAYbill, Mendelssohn Theatre. Ann Arbor, with self-addressed stamped envelope. Express first, second, and third performance preferences. Box office opens Monday, April 4, 10 a.m. Today at 4:10 p.m. the Department of Speech will present Michael de~heide- rode's "Escurial" in the Arena Theatre, Frieze Building. No admission will be charged. Reading improvement Classes. Reg- istration for the April series of'7-week reading classes will be held Tues., April 5 from 8:00 to 12:00 and from 1:00 to 5:00 in Room 524 of the University Ele- mnentary School. For further informa- tdon, call university ext. 648. Registra- tion will take one-half hour. Concerts Concert. The Lamoureaux Orchestra of Paris, under its conductor, Igor Mar- kevitch, will give the fifth concertin this season's Extra Concert Series, to- night, in Hill Aud., at 8:30. The fol- lowing program will be presented: Sym- phony No. 2 (Gounod); Hymne (Mes- siaen); "Daphnis et Chloe" Suite (Rav- el) ; and the Berlioz Symphonie Fan- tastique. Tickets are on sale during the day at the offices of the University Musical Society in Burton Tower; and will also be on sale at the Aud. box office on the night of the concert after 7:00 p.m. Relationship with Biology In General" on Thurs., March 24; at 7:30 p.m. In Aud. C. Guest Lecturer: Jorn Thiel will lec- ture on the topic "The Use of Audio- Visual Techniques in Music Education in Germany" in Aud. A on Thurs., March 24, at 4:15 p.m. Open to the general public. Illustrated Lecture: "The Beginning of Islamic Art" by Dr. Henri Stern, Mai- tre at the Centre National de Ia Recher- che Scientifique, Paris, now at the In- stitute for Advanced Study, Princeton. New Jersey, Thurs., March 24, at 4:15 p.m., Room 203, Tappan Hall. Bernard Lewis, Chairman, History De- partment, School of Oriental and Afri- can Studies, University of London, will speak on "The. Ottoman Archives, In Istanbul: A source for Middle Eastern and European History" on Thurs., March 24 at 4:10 p.m. in Aud. C. Lecture by Dr. C. Starke Draper, di-, rector of the instrumentation labora- tory, Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology on "Guidance for Modern ve- hicles." Thurs., March 24, at 3:30 p.m. in Cooley Memorial Aud., North Cam- pus. Also Fri., March 25. Lecture: Donald L. Keene, Prof. of Japanese, Columbia University, will speak on "Modern Japanese Literature" at 4:15 p.m., Fri., March 25, in Room 411 Mason Hall. Academic Notices Seminar in Mathematical Statistics! 'Will, - Tr.M ,, h24 a. 4 4.m.