Seventieth Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
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STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG.* ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241

flen opinions Are Free
Truth will Prevail"

Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.

NESDAY, MARCH 23, 1960

NIGHT EDITOR: THOMAS KABAKER

Upperelass Housing: An Approach
To Quad Problems

"You Think That Equality Stuff Is Likely To'
Spread Up North Here?"
aa
AI..
14
t t
t ---
JA s
1X1

Sing with Enthusiasm
AS LONG AS the old School of Music continues to turn out as many
young artists as it has and is, who needs a new one? Last night at
Hill Auditorium, a group of the present artists appeared in concert.
Although the audience was small, the choirs sang; they sang ,with
enthusiasm; they sang with great admiration for their conductor.
Maynard Klein deserves .that praise which may better be left un-
spoken; simply because words are inadequate as expression of grati-
tude, veneration and laud.
THE PROGRAM was inspired, with the exception of -the Pergolesi
"Stabat Mater." The women's choir just did not come through on this

HILL AUDITORIl

?ROGRESS is being made, but it's slow.
In spite of the announcement that an upper-
lass and freshman men's housing plan will not
e ready to go into operation next fall, it is en-
ouraging that consideration is really being
iven to the problem of the quads. For one of
tie most pressing defficulties with the men's
esidence halls is the dearth of activities of
aterest to upperclassmen.
This results directly from the general resi-
ence halls situation. While the interests of
hie student change between his freshman and
enior years, the residence halls programs gen-
rally don't By the time a student becomes a
unior or senior he discovers that few or no,
rograms are aimed at him. For many upper-
lassmen, the only time the residence halls
eem to take notice is when they yell at the
ntics of the "immature little freshmen."
Two years ago, an attempt was made to
emedy this situation, by establishing graduate
nd transfer student houses in the residence
alls. An attempt to provide for upperclass
ousung was turned down, prima>rily because

of a lack of planning. Finally two weeks ago,
the Board of Governors of the Residence Halls
approved upperclass and freshman housing
for men.
WHILE the shortage of time has prevented
the plan from going into operation in the
fall, the added delay may be of value. The ex-
tra year's wait will allow the coordination of
all interested parties in working out a suc-
cessful plan. Problems involved in deciding
which specific residence halls to convert to
upperclass houses and in resettling several
hundred men must be resolved slowly and
with due consideration if the projected pro-
gram is to be a success.
Experiments such as upperclass and fresh-
man housing for men are badly needed to_
cut down the number of freshman who find
the quads unsatisfactory after only one year
of residence. A turnover rate of over 50 per
cent in the residence halls indicates that
something basic must be wrong there. Upper-
class and freshman housing maybe one pos-
sible approach to the problem.
-KENNETH McELDOWNEY

Ga 46o " LJa +S4*,i.4&'a S *L "co.

.IV , I-- -

Is Nixon Becoming a Liberal?

IT IS BECOMING increasingly apparent that
"Modern Republicanism" is neither a mean-
ingless campaign slogan nor a phenomena
based solely on President Eisenhower's personal
popularity.
In fact, Modern Republicanism ii here to
stay.
The old-line Republicans would have none of
the progressive line advocated and followed
by New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller.
There wasn't much difference between him and
a Democrat, they reasoned; and they stopped
his bid for the Republican presidential nomi-
nation cold.
This left them with a rock-ribbed, fighting
conservative, Vice-President Richard Nixon.
But recently Republican conservatives have
been having second thoughts. Not about Nixon,
they're committed to him. The problem is that
Nixon is beginning to sound like a liberal.
THE NEW HAMPSHIRE was the most obvi-
ous example of the new Nixon.
New Hampshire Republican Governor Wesley
Powell attacked Senator John Kennedy for
".being soft on Communism." This is a good
tactic for bringing out the vote in a rural,
conservative area and it was sound New Hamp-
'shire politics. A tough campaigner like Nixon
should have appreciated this strategem.
However, Nixon-the new Nixon-didn't. He
quickly repudiated Gov. Powell's charge and
came to Sen. Kennedy's defense. Many Repub-
licans were alarmed. Was Nixon going soft on
Democrats?
Another example of the new Nixon was the
recent steel dispute. Nixon stepped in and
stopped the dispute. This was good politics.
But from the conservative point of view, the
wrong group-labor-won the strike.

This was doubly alarming to the conserva-
tives because it follows a precedent established
by Treasury Secretary George Humphrey in the
1957 steel dispute. Humphrey convinced the
industry that they had to give in to labor or
the 1958 election would be disastrous.
This is the type of treatment the conserva-
tives might expect from the Democrats, but
hardly from Republicans. As bad as these
things were, they were better than a Democrat
or Rockefeller.
BUT THE Associated Press reported recently
that Nixon has been "urging House Repub-
licans to liberalize the party's record by sup-
porting bills for school construction and medi-
cal aid for the elderly.".
The Associated Press also reports how the
conservatives feel about this. "They (Repub-
lican Conservatives) fear that the Vice-Presi-
dent is abandoning them and intends to adopt
a liberal label as the party's Presidential candi-
date."
In short, Nixon has become a Modern Re-
publican.
FROM NIXON'S point of view there is one
important reason for being a conservative.
A conservative would inspire many more cam-
paign contributions from wealthy industrialists
than a liberal candidate.
But there is a more important reason for him
becoming a liberal Republican. Conservativism
appeals to too few people to elect him president
and Nixon wants to be president.
Therefore Nixon seems to be turning into a
Rockefeller-type liberal and Modern Republi-
canism seems to be here to say.
-JAMES SEDER

MICHIGAN'S CONSTITUTION:
An Outdated Relic of the Past?

By LINDA REISTMAN
Daily Staff Writer
"MICHIGAN'S first Constitution
of 1835 was undoubtedly its
best," Prof. Daniel McHargue of
the Political Science Department
said recently. "It was short, flexi-
ble, and did not hamper the gov-
ernor or legislature."
In the 51 years of its existence,

however, the fundamental
the document has been

form of
compli-

AX LERNER:
The Non-Violent Sitdowns

NEW DELHI- Sometimes in world history
there is a local or national struggle which
also has meaning for the larger world scene.
This happened, when Gandhi led the movement
for Indian independence and developed a tech-
nique and philosophy of global scope. Is it
happening again in the struggle of the Ameri-
can Negro for complete equality?
I wrote an earlier column in which I traced '
the link between Gandhi's salt tax march to
the sea and the lunch-counter sitdowns of
Negro students in Virginia and the Carolinas.
The link, of course, is stubborn principled non-
violent resistance to local law and custom, by
an appeal to moral law.
The column evoked some letters from read-
ers raising far-reaching questions which prod
me to write this sequel.
(NE QUESTION is about the prior claim of
Thoreau's "Essay on Civil Disobedience" as
the Bible of non-violent resistance. Everyone
knows, of course, of Gandhi's indebtedness to
both Tolstoy and Thoreau. But neither the
American nor the Russian had to confront an
Army and police-force, nor hold together 300
million diverse people in a struggle for freedom.
The question is not whether Gandhi was an
original social thinker, but whether he was
the first to pull together into a pattern the
various strands of disobedience, passive resist-
ance, non-violence, truth-force, and the scrup-
ulous concern about the means of pursuit
of the end. I think he was.
BUT RIGHT NOW I am more concerned with
the future freedom and equality of the

. American Negro than I am with Gandhi, who.
did his work well and is dead. There is a
double struggle being waged for the equal
rights of the Negro. One is for his political
rights, and its arena is in the Senate and the
courts. The recent round-the-clock Battle of
the Filibuster was only a phase of that struggle.
The second is the struggle for the American
Negro's social rights - housing, schooling,
travel, eating, and all the other things that
make up a person's daily life. The current
emphasis, by both the liberal Democrats and
Republicans, seems to be once more on voting
rather than on these aspects of daily life. It
looks as if everyone were anxious to get away
from the controversial and dangerous question
of common schools for White and Nefiro alike
to the safer question of equal rights in the
ballot-box.
If I am right it means that the struggle for
equal social rights has grown too hot, and even
some Negro leaders would prefer the smoother
road of voting rights. Or perhaps they believe
that once every Negro has the vote the rest
will follow.
THERE IS a good deal in the latter view. Yet
there is more in a life than voting, and more
even than the economic right to equal job
access. There is also the right to an equal
chance to make a life. The fight for common
schools has been carried on largely in the
courts, and has been a slow and painful experi-
ence. Now the fight for common public eating
facilities is being waged more directly, through
the non-violent but stubborn sitdowns.
It is a largely spontaneous struggle. I see it
as an effort on the part of obscure young
Negroes to shape a non-verbal symbolic langu-
age by which they can reach the conscience of

DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin Is an
official publication of The Univer-
sity of Michitan for which The
Michigan Daily assumes no edi-
torial responsibility. Notices should
be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to
Room 3519 Administration Build-
ing, before 2 p.m. the day preceding
publication. Notices for Sunday
Daily due at 2:00 p.m. Friday.
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 23, 1960
VOL. LXX, NO. 130
General Notices
Bicycle Control Program-All bicycles
impounded prior to Jan. 1, 1960 will
be sold at auction on Sat., April 9. Any-
one wishing to reclaim one in this
group must do so before the begin-
ning of Spring vacation (March 26).
Persons who have lost bicycles dur-
ing the past two years are urged to
check the impounded bicycles as many
of these either have no license or one
that has been defaced.
The Bicycle Storage Garages, located
on the south side of East Washington
St. between Fletcher and Forest,. are
open Mon., Tues., and Thur., between 5
and 6 p.m. and Sat. from 10 a,. to
noon. For further information regard-
ing the Bicycle Control Program, call
Ext. 3146.
Bicycles must be stored at the owners'
place of residence during vacation.
Campus racks will be cleaned out dur-
ing the Spring Varation. May we also
remind all bicycle owners that, to
comply with City and University regu-
lations and to protect your property.
you must register your bicycle at the
City Hall and attacli the 1960 license.
Regents' Meeting: Fri., April 22. Com-
munications for consideration at this
meeting must be in the President's
hands not later than April 12. Flease
submit nineteen copies of all com-
mun ications.
International Student and Family Ex-
change. Open Thursday mornings each
week, 9:30-11 a m.at the Madelon
Pound House (basement), 1024 Hill St.
Iopcoats and sweaters for men and
women. Infants equipment and cloth-
ing and children's clothing. These are
available for all Foreign Students and
Families needing the above items.
Graduate Stidents in Linguistics:
The preliminary examninations for thde
doctorate wil be given on Friday anid
Saturday, May 13 and 14. Students In-
tending to tatke the examinations must
notify Prof. Marckwardt by no later
than Fri., April 8.
students advised to submit 'selective
Service College Qualificat ionTest ai-
plications now. Applications for the
April 28, 1960 administration of the
College Qualification Test are now
available at Selective Service System
Local Board No. 85, 103 EWat Liberty,
Ann Arbor, The student should fill out
his application and mail it to Select-
ive Service Examining Section, Educa-
!tional TIesting Service, P1.O. Box 586,
Princeton, N.J. Applications for the
April 28 test must be postmarked no
later than midnight, April 7, 1960.
June teacher's certificate candidates:
All requirements for the teacher's cr-
tificate must be completed by May 2nd.

cated by the passage of 66 new
amendments and an innumerable
number of legislative acts which
are necessary to clarify them.
However, age is of little conse-
qence once the fundamentaL law
of the State has lost touch with
the changing conditions of a com-
plex urban and rural population,
he continued.
* * *
THIS FAILURE to adjust to
modern governmental thinking
and operation is particularly evi-
dent in four phases of the present
Constitution: Executive organiza-
tion, legislative power and organi-
zation, judicial organization, and
home rule..
1. Executive organization. As
Chief Executive of the State, the
Constitution bestows important re-
sponsibilities upon the Governor,
Yet, because much of the authori-
ty to enforce these responsibilities
is given to elected officials, the
Governor is denied the necessary
power to fulfill them. With the
Governor sharing his authority
with an elected Secretary of State,
Attorney General, Treasurer, Au-
ditor, and Superintendent of Pub-
lic Instruction, partisan s p 1 i t s
within the executive branch are
sure to develop.
This dispersal of administrative
power does not make for smooth
cooperation or harmonious rela-
tionship within the administrative
branch, Prof. McHargue said,
"The only way to remedy this
situation would be to give the
Governor broader powers of ap-
pointment, possibly based on the
form of the presidential cabinet
in our national government."
* * *
LEGISLATIVE provisions in the
past years have, created 120 ad-
ministrative agencies in the exe-
cutive branch, making it unweildy,
unamanageable, and needlessly ex-
pensive to operate.
pensive to operate. "A strengthen-
ing of appointive power and
broader centralization of depart-
ments would obliviate this situa-
tion," McHargue added.
Added to his weakness in se-
lecting 'co-workers in his adminis-
tration, the governor's two-year
tearm denies him sufficient time
to put his administration into ef-
fect. A fou -year term would be
more conducive for putting long-
range state programs into full op-
eration.
2. Legislative power and organi-
zation. Two glaring problems hi-
der the legislature in areas of
finance and apportionment.
2erhaps the greatest single
cause of Michigan's strangled
financial situation is due to the
legislature's lack of fiscal flexi-
bility," Lewis Christman, state
senator of the 2nd district said
recently.
With two cents out of every
three cents of the state sales tax
being earmarked for schools as
provided in the Constitution, the
Legislature has actual discretion
with only 20 per cent of the tax
money. Because of this situation,
the state has been forced to adopt
many unneessary taxes which are
often unsuitable for the purpose
to ecompensate for the revenu

As stated in Article X, Section
4 of the State Constitution, "The
legislature may by law impose
specific taxes, which shall be uni-
form upon the classes upon which
they operate." This clause some-
times referred to as the "uniform-
ity clause," may prevent the use of
a progressive tax, based on the
individual ability to pay, in Michi-
gan.
The fact that all taxation must
be carried out on an equal per-
centage basis, and the vagueness
in explaining the clause, has been
a definite handicap in the solution
of the State's present tax crisis.
* * *
ANOTHER tremendous area for
reorganization is the legislature's
present system of representation,
The 'Senate is designed to repre-
sent diffreent areas rather than
population distribution, The sena-
torial districts are frozen, with
no provision for redistricting every
ten years based on national cen-
sus.
The present extremes in popula-
tion representation are 12-1, with
the number destined to increase
to 25-1 by 1970. This situation
would be tolerable if the lower
house were equally represented on
the basis of population, but it, too,
is not. There has been an increas-
ing amount of interest shown in
the establishment of a unicameral
legislature. However, it seems that
an equitable solution could be
arranged which would be less radi-
cal and still preserve representa-
tion by areas of interest.
3. Judicial operation, Although
the procedure is basically sound in
Michigan courts, very little of it
is defined in the State Constitu-
tion. The details of judicial or-
ganization and procedure are left
up to the Courts and the Legisla-
ture.
* * *
PROVISIONS for four Courts
are made under the Constitution-
the Supreme Court, the Circuit
and Probate Courts, the Justice of
the Peace, and any other Courts
that the Legislature may establish
by two-thirds majority vote of its
members. With court dockets over-
crowded and behind in trial sched-
tiles, the creation of an appellate
court or Court of Appeal would be
of great advantage.
A paradoxical situation results
from the fact that all candidates
running for Supreme Court, al-
Plough running on non-partisan
tickets, must be nominated by
partisan conventions. "Students of
political science feel that of all
means of judicial selection, popu-
lar election is the least desirable
method," Prof. McHargue saic
4. Municipal Home Rule. Much
of the authority for home rule
comes from the Legislature. As
expressed in Article VIII, Section
17 of the Constitution, "The legis-
lature may by general law confer
upon organized townships such
powers of a local, legislative and
administrative character, not in-
consistent with the provisions of
this constitution, as it may deem
proper." Home rule provisions
should be enumerated in the Con-
stitution, eliminating reliance on
the legislature in this area.

section of the program; there was
just no excitement, However, it
was an excellent means of dis-
playing several of the truly fine
voices on this campus, and many
other campuses, I am sure.
Everyone knows of Janet Ast,
Judith Haumann, and Muriel
Greenspon. These voices have been
around for a few years and seem
to grow larger in every perform-
ance. But next year, I am sure
that Karen Klipec and Elizabeth
Bowman will be the "big sounds"
Mary Ellen Henkel is not to be
neglected. She has one of the
"guttiest" tones I have heard and
her sense of interpretation is
commendable.
* *
THE SECOND half of the pro-
gram without a doubt outshone
the first portion. Perhaps it was
because the Michigan Singers
sang their hearts out' and let ev-
eryone know that they meant it'
Cantata No. 150 was exquisite, or
better, since it was Bach, magni-
ficent.
The choir seeied to soar over
the heads of the entire audience,
and the balance between sections
was ideal. The trio brought an-
other new face (and voice) to the
concertgoers that of Walker Wyatt
whose baritone is pure and com-
pletely unadulterated.
For the most part, the string
ensemble played quite well, but in
several spots, they approached the
point of running away with the
conductor as well as the choir. The
ensemble between choir and or-
chestra, however, was generally
excellent.
THE HIGHLIGHT of the en-
tire program was the closing mo-
tet, "Spem in alium nunquam
habui" by the Wagner of early
England, Thomas Tallis. The choir
arranged themselves i n t o s i x
groups across the stage and the
effect was that of a gigantic
stereophonic production.
This was the Ann Arbor pr-
mier of this work, and was re-
markably well done.
The program was another ex-
ample of the ends from the means
achieved by the students in Music
School. They really do work, you
know, and this is what they have
to show for it-music, a love of-
music, and the genuine joy of let-
ting others know just how much
they do love it.
-Karen lcCann
LETTERS
to the
EDITOR
Apologies . .
To the Editor:
MY apologies to Judith Doner!
How was she to know her
interviewee, Robert Farr, was not
an Irishman at all, but quite ob-
viously an Anglo-Scot Orange,
thus no real authority on the true
attitudes of the Irish.
I ant certainly upset at his
obvious attempt to classify the
Irish Catholic as a primitive bar-
barian, or in his words: "the
American Indian."
Ireland tolerates the non-Irish
Orange because there's nothing
else she can do with them. After
all the English sent them to Ire-
land because they weren't wanted
in England. So far no one else
has spoken up for them.
-Alan E. O'Day, '61
Simple .
To the Editor:
MR. O'DAY'S solution to the
Irish problem is clear, logical,
and above all, simple. Two world
wars have given us enough ex-
perience in the separation of un-
desirables from a population, and

in the resettlement of those who
becoie displaced. After coping
with destitute millions of Asians
and Europeans, we should have no
difficulty with a million or so
Ulstermen. They would not even
be destitute, since they would
take with them about half of the
wealth of the country.
Our parents would have done
well to use this solution; but their
ignorance can be excused, since
they did not have the clear ex-
amples of its success that we have
in the recent history of the Ger-
man empire,
Had they only removed long
ago the Anglo-Scots-Irish, we
would have been spared the false
patriotism and anti-Irish scurrili-
ties of Swift, Emmet, William
Russell, W. B. Yeats and Parnell--
to name only the most egregious
of the pro-English traitors.

CHESSMAN:
Leaningf
.tooFatr
L0ackwatrd
By MIKE TOQMIN
LIKEPEOPLE, nations also wish
tobe popular, and compromises
are sometimes necessary to achieve
this end.
But perhaps our leaders are
leaning nver backwards. a little-
too far in their attempt to main-
tain amicable relations with other
countries. For it appears that the
courts of the United States can -
now be overruled by a force' caed
foreign pressure.
The recent reprieve that Cal-
foria's Governor Brown granted
to Caryl Chessman, the convicted
sex kidnapper, is an excellent case
in point. Normally a reprieve for
Mr. Chessman would not be very
earth shaking.
He has had eight In the last
twelve years, so we are somewhat
conditioned to them by now,
DURING Chessman's twelve
year battle with the courts he has
used every gimmick in the book.
All have failed. Two day before
his last reprieve was granted, the
California Supereme Court refused
to reverse the lower court's decis-
ion; and the U.S. Supreme Court
turned down his appeal on the
the saine day.
Chessman's latest argument con-
tends that he has suffered enough
during his long wait on the door-
step of death, and that this con-
stitutes unusual and cruel pun-
ishment-forbidden by the Consti-
tution. He seems to forget that
his twelve year period of "suffer-
ing" is nobody's fault but his
own.
If he had accepted the court's
verdict in, 1948, he would not have
"suffered" by remaining alive for
such a lengthy period.
GOVERNOR Brown revealed that
his decision to stay the execution
was influenced by our federal gov-
ernment. The American Embassy
in Uruguay had reported wide-
spread disapproval of Chessman's
fate, and State Department of-
ficials became worried lest hos-
tile demonstrations occur during
President Eisenhower's South Am-
erican tour. And thus a man who
was sentenced to die back In 1948,
became an international issue.
But more important than Chess-
man's guilt or innocence is the
disgraceful spectacle of the United
States flaunting its entire legal
system in fear of arousing foreign
indignation. The logic used by the
State Department is very con-
fusing, for it is hard to see why
foreign criticism should overrule
our own laws.
It is"obvious that our domestic
policies cannot please the people
of every country, so perhaps it
might a better idea to please our-
selves. If other nations wish to
criticize us they are free to do so,
but we are certainly under no ob-
ligation to adhert to their protests.
~ * a
FURTHERMORE, since when
does the State Department have
the right to influence a governor's
decision? The Constitution is quite
explicit in reserving the police
powers to the individual states,
and the federal government has
no business entering, into this do-
main. Of course, there are those
who would argue that the Consti-
tution is outmoded and vague in
its delegation of powers.
This may be true, but then it
seems that the best solution would

be to 'amend it, rather than per-
the powers of the states.
mit federal agencies to usurp the
powers of the states.
Some may believe that the real
issue of the Chessman Case' is the
question of capital punishment.
It is possible that execution is
not the best solution to the prob-
lem, but this is not important in
this particular instance.
Whatever our opinions may be
in regard to capital punishment;
the only ones that really matter
are the feelings of the people of
California.
The question rests entirely in
their hands, and if the people of
that state object to capital pun-
ishment, then they, and only they,
have the right to abolish it.
* * *
THE REAL tragedy of the
Chessman reprieve lies in the
weakness of our State Depart-