"It's Time We Ended the Vestiges of World War II" it Atygau Ua f Seventieth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. " ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 Men Opinions Are Free Truth Will Prevail" WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND Increasing Danger In Fidel Castro's Cuba (EDITOR'S NOTE: Drew Pearson's column, Washington Merry-Go-Round, Mill appear regularly beginning today.) HAMERICAN embassy in Havana is quietly warning all Americana whose presence is not necessary in, Cuba to leave the country. The warning is based upon the fact that Cuban soldiers have been stirred to such a frenzy by Fidel Castro's tirades against the United States they have threatened to hang American citizens from Havana lampposts. The embassy is also fearful that street crowds might get out of hand. In addition, the American embassy is planning staging areas for Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. MARCH 11, 1960 NIGHT EDITOR: THOMAS HAYDEN 'Sit-Ins' and Pickets: Effective Discrimination Protest? ro... * IT'S SORT OF pleasant to get mildly involved in other people's moral dilemmas - it's very much like going to the theatre. There's "ca- tharsis" and "escape" and all that sort of thing. But when one suddenly finds that one must commit himself to a moral choice just as com- pletely as the actors, one's position becomes somewhat less comfortable. This latter position is the one Ann Arbor is now in. WHEN THE NEGRO college students in the South began their sit-down protests, it was an interesting topic to read about every day, and it was interesting to discuss the situ- ation and the ethical problems involved. But there was no urgency; there was no need to commit oneself to any position. One could wait and see what developed. Provided that there was no violence, ending discrimination at lunch-counters is certainly a defensible objective. But what if violence breaks out? LTHOUGH this might make one squirm, there was still no demand for commitment: one could say, "There is no move to picket in Ann Arbor, so I have no need to take any stand." But now picketing has been organized-and Student Government Council has endorsed such action. There will be picketing this after- noon. Now one must commit himself. Should the picketing be supported? Will picketing en- courage tension in the fight and lead to vio- lence? Is it fair to the stores? Should chain- stores throughout the country be hurt because of a custom of the South? To answer these questions, one must deal with the specifics of the Ann Arbor situation. THE PICKETING group will picket The Cousins Shop, a local dress shop. A Human Relations Commission report received by the City Council charged the owner of The Cousins Shop with discrimination against a Negro and with subsequent refusal to cooperate with the Commission in discussing the complaint. The picketers also plan to operate around the local S. S. Kresge and F. W. Woolworth stores. This picketing is merely intended to demonstrate their sympathy with the efforts of the Southern Negroes to obtain equal serv- ice. The picketing seems to be intended not as an economic boycott, and therefore seems justified. SGC, however, would go farther. The Council passed a resolution Wednesday which would back economic boycotts against the four chain stores involved in discriminatory practices in the South. At least for the present, SGC's position ap- pears indefensible. If picketing is not success- ful, and if it can be demonstrated that the stores are contributing to the problem in the South-as opposed to being merely the battle- ground on which two other forces, the South- ern white and the young Southern Negro, choose to fight - economic boycotting may be necessary. But today is the day for immediate commit- ment, not speculation. Today, peaceful picket- ing seems to be the right course of action. We can make further commitments later. -JAMES SEDER Con ". DISCRIMINATION, whether based on color, national origin, or any other arbitrary basis, has no place in our society. The elimination of discrimination is vital. But the means of achieving complete integra- tion are equally as important. Various groups throughout America are seeking integration, not "desegregation," which has a bad psychological connotation. Ann Holden, a member of one of these groups, the Congress of Racial E q u a l i t y (CORE) told the Political Issues Club on Thursday that all efforts toward complete in- tegration must be on a basis of "passive re- sistance." MISS HOLDEN said that the most popular, peaceful approach to integration is the "sit-in" where Negroes, often assisted by whites, demand service at segregated lunch- counters. "Persistence is a key element," Miss Holden declared. CORE is believed to be the organization that started the recent "sit-ins" in Greensboro, N.C. Since the first protests appeared in February, sympathy has spread throughout the country. Spontaneous sympathetic reactions are occur- ring everywhere, including Ann Arbor. An un- official group has planned to meet today and picket a dress shop and local chain stores which have sister stores in the South that actively practice segregation. ALTHOUGH passive in nature, these persis- tent demonstrations could aggravate the tense situations in the South,. rather than serve any benefit. Such "sit-in" is not passive resistance then, but "passive hindrance." Miss holden said that there are not as many laws enforcing segregation as people might be- lieve. "When an issue comes up, the officials of a town pass laws to meet the situation and maintain segregation," Miss Holden declared; "Sit-ins" may well aggravate even more re- pressive laws. HERE ARE other, better, ways to bring about integration instead. The NAACP, un- til recently, had the right idea. The NAACP advocated change through the processes of the law and worked for an equitable legal sys- tem. However, the NAACP is now favoring the methods of organizations like CORE. Evi- dently, they prefer the immediate results of sit-ins, standing-lines, picketing, and boycot- ting. The NAACP has made a mistake by prefer- ring "passive resistance" to "educational means. This does not mean that people should not work for integration. It does mean that people should not go out and take part in demonstrations. Everyone is aware of the issue. Demonstrations will only aggravate this sore spot in our society, with little chance of ob- taining positive results./ The SGC is taking a good step in the direc- tion of complete integration. They are send- ing letters to governors of Southern states and to chain stores urging the end of discrimin- atory policies. There is no absolute solution to the prob- lem. The integration issue will not end tomor- row. The slow but sure processes of education and legal reform must eventually prevail. Time will prove that patience is prudence. --HENRY LEE the larger 'evacuation of American sary. Meanwhile, the United States Navy has prepared emergency plans to defend the Guantanamo Naval Base at the Eastern end of the island. Guantanamo could be seriously endangered merely by curtailing the fresh-water supply from Cuba. However, the Navy has Installed a desalinization process which could supply the naval base with a limited amount of water for some time. a a s THOSE CLOSE to the White House say that the President came back from his Latin-American trip seething against Castro and con- vinced that his patient policy of leaning over backward has now gone far enough. Talks with the Presidents of Argentina, Brazil and Chile con- vincde Eisenhower that he would have the support of the major Latin-American governments if he started to crack down on the grandstanding dictator who reigns supreme only 90 miles away from the American coast. This was behind the rough lec- ture which Secretary of State Her- ter gave to the Cuban charge d' affaires following Castro's charge that American saboteurs had blown up the French munitions ship In Havana harbor. MEANWHILE, the American embassy in Havana has cabled the State Department that more and more moderate elements in Cuba are lining up against Castro, though as yet nowhere near ap- proaching a full-fledged revolt. Some State Department officials are worried that Ike's new, tough policy may strengthen Castro and actually solidify his support from the Cuban people. (Copyright 1960, by the Bell Syndicate) ciiznsitt should become necesw DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN The Daily Official Bulletin - t an official publication of TherUniver- aity of Michigan for which The Michigan Daily assumes no edi- torial responsibility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3519 Administration- Build- ing, before 3 p.m. the day preceding publication. Notices for'Sunday Daily due at 2:00 pam. Friday. SATURDAY, MARCH 12, 10# VOL. LXX, NO. 121 General Notices Tickets now on sale by mail order for forthcoming Playbill productions, presented by the Dept. of Speech. William Congreve's "The way of the World," to be presented April 6-9, Wed.-Sat.): $1.50, $1.10,'750. Ketti Frings' adaptation of the Thomsa Wolfe novel, "Loofomeward. Angel," to be presented iailable) April 27-30 (wed.-Sat.): $1.5, 70, 73%. The premiere performance of anct. ginal play, to be presented 711. and Sat., May 13 and 14. 75c. To order tickets, send check, pay- able to Play Production, with self- addressed stamped envelope and first, second and third preferences of per- formance, to Playbill, Lydia Mendels- sohn Theatre, Ann Arbor. For furth- er information, NO 3-1511, Ext. 3383 or 3045. Recitals Program of American Music: The Al- pha Chapter of Sigma Alpha Iota wilt present its annual program of Ameri- can Music in Aud. A, on Sun.. March 13, at 8:30 pm. Students participating in the recital are Joellen Bonham, piano; Patricia Martin, flute; Martha. Rearick, piano; Nancy Oirawemeyer, vi- olin-Susan McKinney, viola Carolyn Halik, cello; Joan Olson, piano; Alice Camp, EnglishEhorn; Susan Tanner, piano. Mary Ellen Henkel, contralto; Joanne Wiseman, soprano. The Sigmaft Alpha Iota Choir, directed by'm {Continued on Page 5) COMMUNIST CHINA: Men into Machines By JUDITH DONER Daily Staff Writer A POTENT propaganda system is necessary in China since the Communists insist that the popu- lace publicly approve of all gov- ernment practices. The people's thoughts must be directed by and kept attuned to the leaders' thought, for a dicta- torship is that much stronger which has the people both believ- ing in and proclaiming its merits. Communists realize that propa- ganda is most effective when it is delivered personally. The individu- al agent, who forces his charges to repeat the articles of faith and who gives them the "benefit" of direct announcements of public policy, along with "patriotic" priests of the Catholic Church who guide their flocks along proper Red paths play an im- portant part in the system. * * * BELIEVING unquestionably in what one is told to believe is hardly an Intellectual process. It compresses mens' minds and makes them ethically nonfunc- tional. But since the Chinese lead- ers' prime use for their peoples' minds is as receptacles for Com- munist doctrine. That they do not function freely is not only ac- ceptable, but highly satisfactory. Communization of literature is extremely dangerous to a people and at the same time a superb method of maintaining dictatorial control. Knowledge being a catalyst of discontent, informed sources re- port the Communists cannot per- mit any thought to be printed which has not been approved by STUDENT GOVERNMENT:-i ITheoyori Pratice? This Land is Your Land . . . LIFE in these United States (with grudging apologies to Readers' Digest) .«. Thousands In the South and East boycott stores and march in protest, seeking strong civil rights legislation. In Lansing, Negroes sing on the Capitol lawn. Rep. Gibbs, chairman of the House State Affairs Committee, ducks out of the Capitol chambers before his committee can vote on releasing civil rights bills. Real estate man Donald Sargent comments, "Negroes have to learn to behave themselves, and then they'll be accepted." In Houston, Felton Turner, a 27-year-old Negro, is taken to a quiet glade where four Editorial Staff THOMAS TURNER, Editor. PHILIP POWER ROBERT JUNKER Editorial Director City Editor CHARLES KOZOLI .............. Personnel Director JOAN KAATZ ....,,«............ Magazine Editor JIM BENAGH......«..... ....... Sports Editor PETER DAWSON............ Associate City Editor BARTON HUTHWAITE .. Associate Editorial Director JO HARDEE... ...... ... . .... Contributing Editor men beat him with chains, then slice "KKK" into his chest and stomach. In Washington, the Senate hesitates, then continues to filibuster. After all, it's an elec- tion year. pRESIDENT EISENHOWER says American relations with foreigners are better than ever. At Alabama State College, race rioters cool off somewhat. In Ann Arbor, young liberals plan to spend a Saturday afternoon picketing a dress shop and two dime stores. The public is invited. -THOMAS HAYDEN New Books at the Library Bakeless, John - Turnocats, Traitors, and Heroes; Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1959. Becker, Stephen - Comic Art in America, N.Y., Simon & Schuster, 1959. Bernstein, Leonard-The Joy of Music; N.Y.. Simon & Schuster, 1959. Blanshard, Paul -- God and Man in Wash- ington; Boston, Beacon Press, 1960. Bruce, Robert B. - 1877: Year of Violence; Indianapolis and N.Y., The Bobbs-Merrill Co., By JEAN SPENCEI Daily Staff Writer LATELY Student Government Council is finding it difficult to reconcile what it believes with what it is willing todo. Twice Wednesday night the Council discouraged action which would follow logically from pre- viously stated beliefs. An increas- ing trend of such direct contra- dictions between theory and prac- tice indicates either indecisive- ness or unsound thinking. The most striking of the con- tradictions involves examination files. A lengthy, wandering debate in the Council meeting produced a stand against the free circula- tion of exams in a statement to be sent to the Dean's Conference. During the discussion the Council attempted to clarify its philoso- phy on examination files; the mo- tion passed would presumably re- flect this. Twice, however - before and after passing the policy statement against exam files - the Council refused to abolish its own exam- ination file. IN ITS consideration of the Haber-Miller motion, which sets up a committee to gather and consider evidence in discrimina- tion cases in student organiza- tions, a member called attention to the "affidavit" requirement. The motion proposes requirement of a yearly statement of non-dis- criminatory practices from all student organizations. In the light of the Council's re- cent stand against the affidavit and loyalty oath provision of the National Defense Education Act loan plan, such a requirement seems highly illogical. Debate opposing the require- ment of the statement noted that both affidavit requirements "as- sign a degree of guilt to an or- ganization" before any considera- tion of evidence. THESE two procedural inci- dents show up an insufficient re- lationship between the philosophy and practice of SGC. Strong beliefs weakly carried out can only result after a time in a student government theor- etically strong and practically weak. Council members must ask themselves whether theoretical or practical strength is the bet- ter index of an effective Council --f in fact either strength is meaningful without the other. I Swear... GOVERNOR Rockefeller says he favors the loyalty oath for stu- dents who accept federal scholar- ships. Thinking it over, we agree. Let's impose virtue by oath. Wives, for example. Why not require them to swear twice a year that they have remained faithful to their hus- bands? It might be objected per- haps that husbands should swear, too. But this misses the point. Oaths are imposed on inferiors. The starveling student in his attic or the drudging wife in her kitchen - they should be taught who's boss. In America, thank God, the husband rules. What was that odd noise, Mrs. Abernathy? Oh, come now - really! Mr. Rockefeller, help! Mr. Rock .. . the government. Though the gov- ernment-controlled Federation of Writers and Artists, the creative Chinlese are directed in their work and lives. If authoritative reports are to be believed, the Chinese Commu- nists have cracked down severely on the Cheng Feng, or "Let the Hundred Flowers Bloom" cam- paign which they inaugurated several years ago. The program was characterized by a consider- able relaxation in previously strict governmental control over the in- tellectual and artistic output of the Chinese. Some criticism of the government was even allowed. But when the movement ap- peared to be getting out of hand some time ago, the Chinese gov- ernment immediately took steps to stamp out any resurgence of free thought and analysis. Many who had criticized the govern- ment were subsequently purged, and the Chinese writers and thinkers were again put under rigorous governmental control. * * * THE CHINESE 'writer is checked very closely by the government and by the people. If he makes a wrong move in his daily living or writes something unacceptable, he is subjected to intimidation by the masses and to persuasion by his associates. He may be assigned novels by the government and he has no choice but to write them. He must submit his work to preliminary censorship and must rewrite to government order when requested. Above all, his work must expound official ideology. And since everyone's reading isn't restricted to contemporary novels, the Communist must closely regulate the older books which may be read. For according to several reports, in the large attempt to spread literacy across the nation, the young people of China have developed a compul- sive desire to read. More than half the books avail- able to Chinese book stores are translations from Russian. Newspapers are similarly ori- ented. They have given up any pretense of informing and merely instruct. They are the govern- ment's direct propaganda organ and no Chinese could ever hope to find any other than Communist dicta in them. The Communists seem to have the system down pat; the Chinese is indoctrinated at each step in his daily life, controlled so rigidly that his least misdemeanor is dis- covered, attired and thinking so much like everyone else that he is no longer an individual and al- lowed to write and read only what is approved by the government. China, in effect, has been de- humanized and men have turned other men into machines. reserves the right to edit or withhold any letter. political Dismay facultyr To the Editor: mayber Stephen Ruebelman: ing not I have read with interest and big piec no small measure of dismay your gem can comment (Michigan Daily, March consequ 8) on my article in the recent issue of Generation. In my view, I BUT1 have said nothing that any priest Polle. T worthy of the title would not also ing toe say regarding hypocrisy and the events. transfer which substitutes a reli- seems to gious device for religion, carefule I have in no sense attacked the parently Catholic Church or any other reli- they co gious organization. I have in no effects c sense attacked the practice of athletic carrying a religious figure in the their ob automobile, nor have I sneered at in one the faith that properly motivates tossed it the practitioner. athletic * *«Anom IF YOUR reading of "98c Jesus mittede with a Suction Cup" is repre- Olympic sentative of the readings it may because have had, then the author has ent to ; failed to communicate; and com- a count munication failing, all pretense pete in to art vanishes, by prac But if it is I who "stink," then cess, ch surely it is an involuntary author only on of the poem you read, not as a very author of the poem I wrote. NCAA -D. D. McCormick, Grad. sports a wrestlin others,a Athletics , ., in Olym To the Editor: the Oly Furth The Ivy League schools came t son ev their sense a long time ago, viewed Recently some of the other vee schools in the Big Ten have "seen light th seen b the light." When will the Univer- big mig sity of Michigan rise above this licity a attitude of the mediocrity, thatpelling, intercollegiate athletics advances golof the interests of higher education, goal of *football'. --R. Young cable i slion tos Unfortunate . . SAs F To the Editor: the NC IP IDAY'S no postseason compe- ball tou tition decision by the Confer- Football ence athletic directors was, I four - think, an unfortunate reaction to the seas the outcome of the Rose Bowl ation of vote, their si Detroit Free Press Sportswriter ment va Bob Pille believes it to be only a hockey,; maneuver directed at the representatives. Maybe so, not. If so, they are play- with pawns but with the es, and this kind of strate- n easily lead to unwanted ences. I AM NOT so sure as is hey may be sincerely try- end so-called post-season Their action, however, o have been taken without enough premeditation. Ap- generalizing from what nsider to be undesirable of football bowl games, the directors have tied up bjections to those effects large bundle and have t at the Conference's entire program. alous was the sole per- exception: the quadrennial e tryouts. It is anomalous it surely must be appar- the athletic directors that ry cannot effectively com- the international games cticing (and, in the pro- oosing the contestants) in e of every four years. In real sense, the annual and AAU meets in such as swimming, gymnastics, g, and track, among are more crucial to success npic competition than are mpic trials. er, I believe that post-sea- ents in most sports are with an entirely different Tan are the bowl games as rfootball enthusiasts, The ration; the spectacle; pubes A infinitum; and the im- overriding, almost singular team victory-these are 's, an dare seldom appli- n any comparable dimen- any other college sport. OR MYSELF, I feel that AA basketball and base- urneys are anti-climactic. 1 bowl games - three or are excellent capstones to on, but the recent prolifer- f these games has dulled gnificance and their excite- lue. NCAA meets in skiing, and gymnastics are to me y desirable but are integral f the season. And where weight lifting be with the. So on. rdless, however, of the de- interest which I have in ToThEnka Letters to the Editor must be signed and limited to 300 words. The Daly g ort . by Michael Kelly not only parts o would v AAUs? Regar gree of I loh 1 11 t I 11 I ......