H3 THE MICHIGAN DAILY

JSSPA Sets Press Freedom Charter, Constitution

(Continued from Page 1)
Emphasizing the committee's
"positive functions," the commit-
tee will also attempt to educate
.ditors in expanding press free-
om through.area conferences andj
eminars.
It will also maintain an "honor
roll" for outstanding individuals
who have defended press free-,
dom. The annual press congress
would name members to this dis-
tinction.
To guide editors and the com-
mittee, the congress adopted a
temporary code of ethics-The
Charter of the Student Press in
Canada-while editors and com-
mittee consider a permanent docu-
ment.
-Yardstick of Responsibility
This charter will be the stand-
ard by which the quality of a
newspaper under investigation will
be evaluated.
The adoption of the 25-year old
Canadian University Press state-
ment hopefully "will set off a year-
long debate" among student.edi-
tors, USSPA President Roger
Ebert, editor of the Daily Illini, de-
Glared.
He recommended t hat student
ditors spend the year discussing
nd debating the meaning of stu-
ent press freedom. Next summer
JSSPA would adopt a permanent
locument. Meanwhile, the Journal
fthe Student Press will print
arious suggestions.'
Three Parts

varied opinions of the varied stu-
dents it represents, to present the
news fairly and without bias, to
interpret local, national and in-
ternational events, and issues of
interest and import to students to
the best of its ability," the docu-
ment declares.
Outside Forces
The statement notes that stu-
dent press freedom has been
abridged by administrative censor-
ship, suspension of editors and fi-
nancial and social pressures.
The charter declares that the
student press should be free from
external pressure and autonomous
within the laws of libel and should
be free to develop to meet its re-
sponsibilities.
Under the- new USSPA constitu-
tion, papers will become associa-
tion members only upon aocept-
ance of the code.
Comparison
The CUP document is broader
than the Daily's Code of Ethics
which outlines the same responsi-
bilities but places specific duties
and prohibitions on The Daily
staff.

The Daily's code mandates its
staff to seek all points of view on
its editorial page, but prohibits
The Daily's taking sides in Regen-
tal elections and requires that the1
Board in Control of Student Pub-
lications chairman be consulted on
editorials concerning University
appropriations. '
The Daily's code urges the paper
to use the full resources of the
University and its faculty in re-;
porting news. It prohibits report-
ing crimes not of social signifi-
cance and pornographic items.
Structural Changes
USSPA's new constitution ex-
pands the organization and de-
fines functions the association
picked up during the past year.
To handle increasing USSPA
programs this year which are su-
pervised by the president, it creat-
ed three new vice-presidents-an
eastern and western national af-
fairs vice-presidents and an inter-
national affaics vice-president.
The two national affairs vice-pres-
idents supervise and coordinate re-
gional programs and conferences
and help recruit new members.

The international affairs vice-
president will develop USSPA's
contacts with the foreign student
press and maintain exchange and
technical information programs
with it.
NEB Duties
In addition to serving as the
freedom of the press committee,
the National Executive Board will
guide the association between con-
gresses and serve as the steering
committee during the congress.
Officers are elected for year
terms during the annual congress.
NEB members-a representative of
a daily and a weekly paper in four
regions-are elected by their re-
gions before the congress and take
office at its end.
The congress elected Ebert pres-
ident, replacing John McGregor,
editor of the New Mexico Lobo.
Paul Danish, editor of the Colorado
Daily, is western NAVP and Bon-
nie Marsh, editor of the Minne-
sota Daily, is the eastern NAVP.
Mark Acuff, USSPA general secre-
tary and last year's CPS managing
editor, was elected international
affairs vice-president.

Dean Gottherer was appointed ments of the political arena, in-
general secretary of the associa- cluding university, educational, lo-
tion. A full-time employe of USS- cal, state, national and ipterna-
PA, he will run the press service, tional events, and specifically, uni-
edit the Journal of the Student versity governing bodies."
Press and run the national office. The general secretary was man-
He formerly edited the Tulane dated to prepare a handbook for
Hullaballoo. student reporters and possibly a
The new constitution contains national student press style book.
provisions for referendums of the The association also established
membership and recall of officers. a polling service so that a member
It also declares that "neither the paper can poll all USSPA mem-
association nor any member or bers.
person acting as an official repre- The Collegiate Press Service may
sentative of the association may expand to include pictures and
take stands for the association on cartoons. Regional bureaus and
issues not directly concerned with liaison officers on each paper were
the student press." also established.

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The association also considered
requests for exchange programs
with the student press associations
of Mexico and India. Under them
a student editor would spend a
year on an American paper while
an American editor would similarly
serve in India or Mexico.
Urges Freedom
It endorsed "as a general policy
the freedom of the student press
to comment editorially on seg-

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Over 55 Years

of

Codes Chart Press Responsibility

Daily Code of Ethics

CUP Charter of Student Press

The CUP code is divided into
three sections principles, ways
that press freedom has been'
abridged and a declaration of
rights.
Under principles, the CUP code
says that freedom of expression is .
necessary in a democratic, univer-,
sity community' and that the 'press
should not be impaired from serv-
ing this function.
"The basic duties of such a free
student press are to present the
Debate Role.
O~ r
OfSessions
HAMBURG-The international
counterpart of the United. States
Student Press Association -- the
Eleventh International Conference
of the Student Press-spent most
of its six-day convention this
summer debating whether the
newspaper conclave should sepa-
rate itself from student political
unions.
Advocates of withdrawal blamed,
the comparatively poor attendance'
at the meeting on the Interna-
'tional St u d e n t Conference's
(which runs the ICSP) "unrepre-
sentative" nature, as it has con-
demned student unions in East
Germany, Spain and other coun-
tries as "undemocratic," accord-
ing to the Student Mirror (an in-
dependent international news ser-
vice).
Other delegates replied that
press relationship with runions is
necessary for financial reasons,
and- that editors should concern
themselves with political issues
anyway.
T h e compromise eventually
reached was that future press con-
ferences will put more emphasis
on newspaper workshops and less
on political problems.
Only 7 of the 23 countries rep-
resented were from student news-
papers rather than unions. In
addition, 14 European nations were
on hand, thus leaving only 9 from
other parts of the world.
The United States was repre-
sented by Mark Acuff, who direct-
ed the Collegiate Press Service last
year. The United States and Cana-
dian delegations generally were
in favor of more autonomy from
student unions.
Distinctive
Women's

The Michigan Daily is a news-
paper with a dual responsibility.
As the newspaper of the students
of the University, The Daily must;
serve these students by reporting
campus, local, and world news as,
completely and, accurately as pos-
sible. As a newspaper 'published
under the authorization of the
University of Michigan, The Daily
must. have at heart the interests
of the Uniyersity and refrain from
such unwarranted action as may
compromise the University in the
eyes of the public.
The position of The Daily as a
representative of a free press shall
be preserved and promoted by the
editors through responsible and
considered use of their duties and
powers.
The editorial page of The Daily
shall-be open to all points of view.
Intelligent editorial expression by
all members of the staff shall be
encouraged and means provided
for comment by the public. Free-
doni of expression grounded -on
fact shall be the editorial policy of
The Daily. All material on the
editorial page shall be signed by
the writer.
Anything published in either the
news or editorial columns shall
conform to a standard of good
taste commensurate with The
Daily's place as a leader in the
field of college journalism.
The following list of operating
principles shall be used as a guide
to the specific implementation of
the above code. Both the code and
the list of operating .principles
were revised by The Daily staff
of 1963 and approved by the Board
in Control of Student Publica-
tions..
I. EDITORIAL PAGE
A) Criteria " for publication of
editorials shall include good taste,
=good writing, logical thinking and
regard for the facts.
B) No editorials shall embrace
personal attack on the characters
of individuals.
C) No editorial shall take sides
in elections to the Board of Re-
gents.

D) Before editorials discussing
state appropriations to the Uni-
versity are published, the editor
shall consult the chairman of the
Board in Control of Student Publi-
cations or, in his absence, the sec-
retary.
II. GENERAL
A) Good Taste
1. Sex crimes, suicides, or violent
crimes may be reported if in
the public interest to do so.
2. Items of a pornographic na-
ture shall have no place in
The Daily.
3. No writer shall express ra-
cial or religious bias in any
story or editorial, nor shall
there be any racial or redi-
gious bias in advertising.
B) Operational
1. Crimes involving members of
the faculty or students shall
not be reported without first
notifying ,the proper Univer-
sity authorities whenever pos-
sible, except as such crimes
are a matter of court record.
2. Members of the staff shall at
all times be encouraged to
take advaqtage of the facili-
ties of the University and the
broad experience of faculty
members, in writing articles
of a comprehensive, interpre-
tive nature.
3. The news colums of The Daily
shall be open to campus news
of legitimate news space with-
in the confines of good jour-
nalistic practice.
4. All interviews with faculty
shall be checked with the in-
terviewee, either personally or
by phone, before they are
published unless the writer is
specifically excused by the in-
terviewee.
5. Names of business establish-
ments (local or out-of-town),
industries, firms, or brand
names shall not, appear in
The Daily news or editorial
columns unless their news
value is of sufficient signifi-
cance to justify their publica-
tion.

(EDITOR'S NOTE: The following
is the original text of the temporary
press freedom charter adopted by
the United States Student Press As-
sociation. USSPA changed all ref-
erences of Canada in the Canadian
University Press document to the
United Statesand deleted a section
on literary magazines.)
I. WHEREAS the Canadian
student press believes in the fol-
lowing principles:
-that freedom of expression
and debate by means of a free and
vigorous press is essential to the
effectiveness of an educational
community in- a democratic soci-
ety;
-that where the student press
is a function of the student gov-
ernment, or of the university ad-
ministration, this should in no
way be allowed to impair the free-
dom of the student press;
-that it is essential to a free
student press that it be respon-
sible for the views and opinions
it expresses;
-that the basic duties of such
a free student press are to present
the varied opinions of the students
it represents, to present news
fairly and without bias, to in-
terpret local, national and inter-
national events, and :issues of in-
terest and import to students to
the best of its ability ...
II. AND WHEREAS freedom of
the student press has been a-
bridged in the following ways:
-confiscation of issues of stu-
dent newspapers due to the publi-
cation of material which faculty
or administration authorities con-
sider detrimental to the reputa-
tion, or some department of the
institution; ,,
-suspension, expulsion, or
threat of similar action against
student editors;
-suspension, or threatened sus-

pension of publications because of.
the publishing or proposed pub-
lishing of matters which faculty,
or administrative authorities con-
sidered detrimental to the reputa-
tion and the welfare of the insti-
tution, or some department of the
institution;
-control of the content of a
student newspaper through ceu-
sorship by faculty, administrative
authorities, and the student gov-
ernment so that the student news-
paper tended to become a public
relations organ- of the institution
or an instrument of the student
government;
--financial pressure' used to
limit or retaliate against editorial
policy;
-by censorship of articles and/
or editorial comment, by civil and
academic authorities; and
-by inordinate and excessive
social pressure used to prevent
publication of particular issues or
opinions.
III. THEREFORE, the Cana-
dian student press affirms its be-
lief that it should be free from
abuses listed under Article II, and
declares the following fundamen-
tal rights, duties, and responsi-
bilities necessary for thereffective
implementation for the principles
of Article I:
--that the Canadian student
press should be free from pressure
by student governments, university
authorities, or any external agen-
cies;
-that within the restrictions of
the laws of libel and within the
scope of their responsibilities and
duties as outlined in Article I,
the Canadianustudent press should
be autonomous; and
that the Canadian student press
should be free to develop so that
it can continue to fulfill its role
in the academic community.

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