WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1963

THE MICHIGAN DAILY

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WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1963 THE MICHIGAN UAILV * F~W!~ ~iwrn --

rAUE THREE

Conflicting Accounts Blur

Kennedy Shooting

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(Continued from Page 2)
By all accounts this would have
have been six to eight seconds be-
fore a shot was heard. According
to a Times dispatch from Dallas
dated Nov. 27, the Secret Service
conducted a re-enactment of the
assassination that day.
After Turn
The dispatch reported that "the
consensus was that the shooting
began after the President's car had
We see no way to reconcile the
conclusion attributed to the forth-
coming FBI report, that "it has
been established that all three
shots came from the same direc-
tion, behind and slightly to the
right of the President's car" (AP
dispatch datelined Washington,
Atlanta Journal, Dec. 3), with the
statement of Dallas doctors that
one bullet struck the President at
about the necktie knot "in the
mid-section of the front part of
his neck" (New York Times, Nov.
24 and 27).
Indeed, the bullet that struck
the President's throat was suffi-
ciently frontal that Dr. Clark at
first thought the same bullet
might have entered the throat and
exited through the upper rear of
the President's head (see "The
Kennedy Wound," New York
Times, Nov. 24, for an account
based on this supposition).
Simulate Shooting
We think it significant that on
Dec. 5, 14 days after the assas-
sination, "Federal investigators"
were still simulating the crime
with car, camera and surveyor's
transit on Elm St. in Dallas, in
an attempt to answer the ques-
tion "how the President could have
received a bullet in the front of
the throat from a rifle in the Tex-

as School Book Depository Build-
ing after his car had passed the
building and was turning a gentle
curve away from it" (Joseph Lof-
tus in the New York Times, Dec.
6).
Is it completely irrelevant that
Frank Cormier of the AP reports
(Atlanta Constitution, Dec. 3) that
experts discovered "a small unex-
plained hole" in the windshield of
the President's limousine?
Quickness of Shots ...
We were continually disturbed
about the fact that the gun was
universally described as p bolt-ac-
tion rifle with telescopic sight.
We did not at that time have a
very clear idea of the precise num-
ber of seconds within which the
shots had occurred, but we were
uneasy about anyone's having got-
ten off the reported three shots
with a bolt action rifle from that
distance at a target moving 12
yards a second with that accuracy,
quickly enough to have created
such confusion about who got hit
first, the President or the gover-
nor.
Experts Comment
On Nov. 25 the New York Times
reported that "a group of the na-'
tion's most knowledgeable gun ex-
perts, meeting in Maryland at the
time of the shooting, agreed, that,
considering the gun, the distance,
the angle and the movement of
the President's car, the assassin
was either an exceptional marks-
man or fantastically lucky in plac-
ing his shots."
The Times account does not in-
dicate whether the experts also
considered the extreme rapidity
with which the shots were fired.
Then on Nov. 27 the Times ran
another story telling about tests

which had been conducted by a
"hIrearms expert from the National
Rifle Association" in Washington.
'1 he expert had used a "Model
1938 6.5 mm bolt action rifle."
His target had been 50 feet
away. He was able to get off three
shots in eleven seconds and they
struck within a one-inch circle.
On a second try the expert was
able to get off three shots in eight
uzconds with comparable accuracy.
Using this performance as a
basis for speculation, the expert
reasoned that a person well-prac-
tieed with the use of the gun could
have done as well or better under
the conditions of the assassination
in Da'1as. (The story did not indi-
cate whether or not the target
used in these tests was stationary
or .n(ving.)
Disagreement
Others did not agree with this
expert. The Italian newspaper Cor-
riere Lombardo of Milan said, as
reported in the same Times story,
that if the Model 38 were used
and' that if more than one shot
were fired "'there must have been
a second attacker."
In France, the Times story went
on, the Paris Jour said that a non-
automatic rifle could not have
been used to fire two bullets into
President Kennedy and one into
Gov. Connally.
In Vienna, the Olympics cham-
pion shot, Hubert Hammerer, said
that the initial shot could have
been made under the conditions in
Dallas when Mr. Kennedy was kill-
ed. But he considered it unlikely
that one man could have triggered
three shots within five seconds
with the weapon used.
Expert Marksman?
All these experts were proceed-
ing on the theory that the shots
were fired as the presidential car
sped away from the gunman, with
the gunman having to allow only
for the forward movement of the
car.
This supposition, of course, takes
no account of the marksman him-
self having to move in order to
swing the gun through an arc of
180 degrees.j
These experts were also pro-
ceeding on the theory that Lee Os-
wald was a crack marksman. How-
ever, and contrary to some early
reports, it appears that in the
Marines Oswald was only an "av-
erage" marksman (Laurence Stern
and Alfred E. Lewis, writing in
the Washington Post, Dec. 1). 1
(EDITOR'S NOTE: In tomor-
row's paper will appear the con-
cluding excerpts from the study
by Prof. Lynd and Minnis. In-E
cluded in the account will be a
thesis that four shots, instead of
three, were fired; discrepancies
in accounts of Oswald's actionsf
after the shooting; and ques-
tions raised on police and FBI
handling of the case.)

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-Associated Press
ASSASSINATION SCENE-Above is a picture showing in pictorial form part of the map on Page
2. The picture looks straight north. The street approach to the expressway is in the bottom section
of the picture, with the X approximating the spot where the first shot was fired from a sixth-floor
window in the Dallas School Book Depository Bldg. In the extreme right-hand side of the picture
is part of the sharp turn by the motorcade off Houston St.
FIICaims ConclusivesCase

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SWorld News

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$ ;50 By The Associated Press
121,19 09114WASHINGTON-An official re-
port yesterday said the United
States' outflow of gold decreased
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outflow for the first six months
was $196 million compared with
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period of 1962.
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WASHINGTON (W) - Brown
threads caught on an assassin's
rifle helped to weave what the
FBI considers a conclusive case
against Lee Harvey Oswald as the
lone slayer of President John F.
Kennedy.
Government sources disclosed
yesterday that the threads, identi-
fied as being from Oswald's shirt,
were found snagged in the mech-
anism of the Italian-made carbine
which also bore his palm print.
Meantime the President's bipar-
tisan investigating commission
headed by Chief Justice Earl War-
ren began its analysis of the still-
secret, five-volume FBI report on
the Nov. 22 assassination in Dal-
las.
Other Moves
The commission also:w
-Won from Congress the pow-
er to force witnesses to testify
against their will, under immuni-
ty from self-incrimination. The
House voted unanimously for the
extraordinary subpoena power, as
did the Senate Monday.
-Appointed J. Lee Rankin, for-
mer solicitor general of the United
States, to be its general counsel
for the top-level inquiry. Rankin
is a Republican lawyer from Ne-
braska now practicing law in New
York. He was a Justice De-
partment appointee of former
President Dwight D. Eisenhower
in 1953 and became solicitor gen-
eral in 1956.
-Announced that the contents
of the FBI's exhaustive report
will not be made public formally
until after the commission has
studied it, and said a "preliminary
statement" then would be made
by Warren and his six colleagues.
Leak Out
But key bits and pieces of the
massive report continued to leak
out anyway, and all tended to con-
firm what is known to be the con-
clusion of the FBI and the coop-'
erating state, federal and local au-
thorities:
That Oswald was the solitary
and unaided assasin; and that
Jack Ruby, who killed Oswald in
the Dallas police garage two days
later, had no connection with Os-
wald or his deadly plan.
Among the strongest pieces of
evidence, government sources said,
are the shreds of cloth, the palm
print, and some latent finger-
prints which were lifted by FBI
technicians from wrapping paper
which hid the bolt-action carbine
when it was carried into the Dallas
text book depository building
where Oswald worked.
Tell-Tale
The weapons with its tell-tale 11
threads and the wrapping pape
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were found in the sixth-story
room from which three shots were
fired at the presidential car. Two
struck and killed Kennedy while
one seriously wounded Texas Gov.
John Connally.
Oswald claimed he - changed
clothes in his rented room when
he left the depository, just after
the assassination. But .the FBI's
laboratory and other tests showed
that the fragments came from the
shirt he was wearing when ar-
rested, officials said.
Informants emphasized that the
FBI investigation does not flatly
declare Oswald guilty. Like all oth-
er FBI investigative reports, it
simply recites in detail the known
facts and circumstances, but these
all are said to point to the resent-
ful Oswald to whom the Soviet
Union refused citizenship.
Narrative
Two of the volumes are text,!
largely narrative. Each is half an
inch thick. Three more volumes
contain exhibits, copies of docu-
ments, and diagrams.
The report is not considered
complete, nevertheless. Scores of
FBI agents still are working on
the case, and supplementary re-
ports are expected from time to
time as news leads are run down

and belated information checked
out.
This was believed to account for
the decision to keep the report
secret: the commission of distin-
guished citizens and lawmakers
was created by President Lyndon
B. Johnson to assure the nation
that all facts are known which
can be known. If a premature re-
port were issued which required
later revision, public confidence in
the findings would be damaged.
Clean Sweep
The joint resolution giving the
commission sweeping subpoena
powers swept through the House
with rare dispatch. Introduced
Monday, it was ready for John-
son's signature yesterday. The
House sponsors were Rep. Hale
Boggs (D-La) and Rep. Gerald R.
Ford (R-Mich), members of the
Warren commission.
An identical bill, passed Mon-
day by the Senate, was introduced
by two other commission members,
Sen. John Sherman Cooper (R-
Ky) and Sen. Richard B. Russell
(D-Ga). The other two members
of the commission are John J.
McCloy, former World Bank presi-
dent, and Allen W. Dulles, former
director of the Central Intelligence
Agency.


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