'V r Aireigau fail
Seventy-Third Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF TFIE UNIVERSTrY OF MiCHIGAN
-UNDER AUTHORiTY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
"Where Opinions Are Free STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLD., ANN ARBOR, MICH., PHONE NO 2-3241
Truth, Will Prevail"'°
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in al reprints.

EDNESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1963

NIGHT EDITOR: KENNETH WINTER


Europe's Mixed Reaction:
Shock; Doubt; Optimism

BASEL-Europe was nearly as shocked to
hear of President Kennedy's death as
was the United States. It was evening
here when the sad news went out from
Texas. Many important meetings were in-
terrupted to announce the news, people
told each other about the unbelievable
,event in streetcars and everywhere groups
were waiting around newsstands for the
next edition,
Radio and television sets all over the
continent were besieged with people eager
for more news about the incredible hap-
pening. Broadcasting networks reacted
instantly: serious music was programmed
on radio; on television serious plays and
many memorial programs were instantly.
scheduled. News bulletins were broadcast
often. TV satellite "Relays" were used for
the first movies of the assassination and
later for a half-hour transmission of the
requiem mass.
WEST EUROPEAN mourning for Presi-
dent Kennedy was genuine. In their
eyes, Kennedy had worked his way up to
the most prominent position among Inter-
national statesmen. There was an adora-
tion resulting from the many personal
trips Kennedy had made to Europe.
In Berlin this summer, Kennedy pro-
clainmed "Ich bin ein Berliner" (I am a
Berlin citizen), a statement, in many
ways more than. true, which made Ger-
many roar with approval. He was a hero
in the eyes of the European youth and
considered by most adults as the personal
defender of freedom of each West Euro-
pean. Even when American policies were
condemned in newspapers, Kennedy was
seldom attacked personally.
Also there is a great difference be-
tween feelings toward "normal" Ameri-
cans and towards Kennedy. For his out-
standing personality, Europeans accepted
him as one of their kind, while they tend
to be generally anti-American. Kennedy's
death was to Europe, however, what it
was to the world: the untimely death of a
TODAY AND TOMORROW:
4 ~Unfinishc
IN THE SOLEMN PAUSE while the Presi-
dent lay dead, there reigned over the
troubled world an unearthly calm. No one
can suppose it will last. But when it in-
evitably ends, we should make sure to re-
member it. For it expressed a profound
and saving truth.
It is that our daily preoccupations are
not supremely important. It is that the
issues which divide the nation, which di-
vide the world, are not the ultimate con-
cern of mankind.
In the presence of a young man's death
and of his brilliant promise cut short by
the terrible evil in mankind, the better
nature of 'man was for a time in com-
iand. When next we work ourselves up
into a tantrum about something or other,
let us remember how small it is in the
perspective of the first and last things
of human experience.
Remembering this, let us begin to look
at the unfinished business of the state,
but to look at it unhurriedly, not anxious-
ly, without a compulsion to start talking
and acting for no better reason than the
itch to do something about something.
There is no present crisis in world affairs,
no fire which the President must rush to
extinguish.
THE GATHERING in Washington of the
dignitaries from all the nations was
not only an act of homage to President

Editorial Staff
RONALD WILTON, Editor
DAVID MARCUS GERALD STORCH
Editorial Director City Editor
BARBARA LAZARUS .............. Personnel Director
PHILIP SUTIN ............. National Concerns Editor
GAIL EVANS .................... Associate City Editor
MARJORIE BRAHMS .... Associate Editorial Director
GLORIA BOWLES ...................Magazine Editor
MALINDA BERRY...............Contributing Editor
DAVE GOOD.......................... Sports Editor
JIM BERGER................ Associate Sports Editor
MIKE BLOCK.............. .Associate Sports Editor
BOB ZWINCK .............Contributing Sports Editor
NIGHT EDITORS: H. Neil Berkson, Steven Haller,
Edward Herstein, Marilyn Koral, Louise Lind, An-
drew Orlin, Michael Sattinger, Kenneth winter.
ASSISTANT NIGHT EDITORS: Mary Lou Butcher,
John Bryant, Carl Cohen, Robert Grody, Laurence
Kirshbaum, Richard Mercer.
Rv, iar Stg

personal friend. West German Chancellor
Erhard found a way to express it: "We
all lost Kennedy."
BUT THE FEELINGS included more than
mourning. Kennedy had very often
travelled in Europe without plexiglass
cover and no one had thought of danger.
There was serious wondering if Texas
and other Southern or Western states
were still profoundly rooted in Wild West
traditions. The assassination of the prob-
able murderer Oswald shook European be-
lief in Texan democratic institutions even
more.
One generally wondered if American
police could not guarantee an individual's
right for fair trial any more. There.
was also serious criticism against the FBI
for its security lapse on Friday and for
not taking the whole affair over from the
Dallas police.
MANY HOPES ARE SET on President
Johnson. It is hoped that he will fol-
low President Kennedy's style of foreign
policy although he is said to be more on
the conservative side. Until recently, he
has mainly been concerned with national
politics, but West European observers be-
lieve that he has gained closer acquaint-
ance with international politics by his
many good-will tours. Such little unpleas-
ant occurences as Johnson's 5000 gifts
for Dutch passers-by while touring the
Benelux countries are readily forgotten.
Another report which came to European
newspapers recently, in connection with
a Time magazine article, however, gives
more reason 'for skepticism. It was men-
tioned there that Robert Baker was a per-
sonal favorite of Johnson.
So for several reasons, many Eur opeans
don't quite know what to think of the new
President. Yet despite their qualms, Euro-
peans' optimism seems to reign. Europe,
as well as America, is trying to believe in
a positive future' after this tragic mark
on history. -ERIC KELLER

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
Schnitzer Explains
Faulty Sound System

To the Editor:
I THINK the subscribers to the
Play of the Month Series should
know that we are deeply con-
cerned over the faulty sound sys-
tem at Hill Auuduuitorium for the
Brecht performance, and will take
all possible steps to remedy it
for future requirements.
Miss Lenya and her cast were
daunted by the huge size of the
Hill concert hall, never intended
for theatre production. She at-
tempted to work without micro-
phones, but could not be under-
stood in the balconies. (The huge
demand for the attraction which
was only available to us on that
date, precluded use of a smaller
auditorium.)
* * *
LAST YEAR we presented Ju-
dith Anderson and Helen Hayes
without amplification at the ar-
tists' requests. At Miss Lenya's
insistence we hastily installed mi-
crophones after the University's
memorial service, but they could
not be tested properly before the
performance.
This problems points to the deep
need for a modern, well equipped
theatre of good size here. The Uni-
versity is aware of this need but
until it can be filled, we are at-
tempting to build a Professional
Theatre Program with the tools at
hand.
-Prof. Robert C. Schnitzer
Executive Director,
Professional Treatre Program
Amplification* .
To the Editor:
MARC PILISUK'S and Piergior-
gio Uslenghi's replies to my
letter of Nov. 14 have pretty badly
twisted my views. Perhaps they
were not presented in sufficient
clarity. There certainly has been
gross misinterpretation for I can-
not believe Mr. Pilisuk really finds
the Christian concept of "Love
thy neighbor as theyself" to be
something ugly.
Nothing in my remarks to Young
Americans for Freedom or in my
letter to this column even faintly
asserted a fundamental superior-
ity of one human being over an-
other. Mr. Pilisuk wove this into
the discussion himself. The Chris-
tian views all men as equal before
both man and God, irrespective of
race. To claim the contrary is to
ignore a basic tenet of the Chris-
tian faith and to introduce an
irrelevant and unfortunate ele-
ment of bigotry into the dialogue.
My aim was to call attention tc
the high order of political freedoma
and the obvious high level of the'
living standards which exist gen-
erally in the West and to identify
what to me is the primary reason:
the embodiment in Western poli-
tical expression of the spirit of
human dignity and freedom which
flows from the Judaeo-Christian
view of man. It is my firm con-
viction that in the United States
we abandon these spiritual foun-
dations only at our peril.

that the path of human history,
including that of the Christian
nations, is cluttered with the de-
bris of man's cruelty and hate. Mr.
Pilisuk has listed several and
since his letter was written we
have all witnessed the tragic
events in Dallas. We can realis-
tically anticipate more of these
kinds of things for man's pro-
pensity to sin is great.
The Christian is not without
sin and should not claim to be.
It certainly is not a claim I make
personally. As I asserted in my
address to YAP, man, because of
his imperfection, is incapable of
creating a utopia and, in my
opinion, it is a fundamental error
of any philosophy which expects
him to do so.
However, it is important to dis-
tinguish between the ideal and
the practice of men. The tragedies
of man are a result of the non-
practice of his ideals, not their
practice. Because there are law-
breakers, should ,we forsake the
law and disband the government?
By no means. Wisdom holds for
greater confoimity with the law,
both that of man and that of
God.
As far as Mr. Uslenghi's com-
munication is concerned, I would
remark that I find his God too
small.
-John A. Clark,
Engineering College
Superf luous...
To the Editor:
AM deeply shocked and dis-
gusted at the incredible lack of
taste displayed by the editors of
The Daily in its special issue of
the afternoon of Nov. 22.
This entirely superfluous ac-
count of the tragedy, released for
use as a self-serving vehicle for
advertising, can evoke only in-
dignation and contempt from
those who have been stunned by
the enormity and horror of the
events of this day.
Such gross journalistic irrespon-
sibility-under a masthead which
boasts 73 years' of editorial free-
dom-makes one ashamed of this
otherwise fine University.
-Nathaniel P. Breed, Jr., 66L
(EDITOR'S NOTE: Mr. Breed
seems to believe that the assassi-
nation was seized upon by The
Daily editors as a great chance to
get self-advertising across.
(Such was not the case. If any-
thing, the extra edition cost The
Daily a good deal of money, as it
was free and contained no paid
advertising, except fromi the Mich-
iganensian, which paid a part of the
total expenses.
(Mr. Breed unfortunately does not
give any substantiation for his
charges of "superfluous account"
and "gross journalistic irresponsi-
bility."
(As the special edition dealt only
with the bare facts of the assassina-
tion, it is difficult to understand
why the story was superfluous.
(As for irresponsibility, it is the
responsibility of the newspaper to
inform the campus ofeimportant
things that are happening. This The
Daily attemptedto do, and at con-
siderable strain and expense.
--G. Storch)


LEONI VICTOR:
After Venezuela's Election .

SO

d Business

Kennedy. It was also a demonstration
this nation that there is a foundation.
good feeling on which it can proceed.

to
of

President de Gaulle came here, I think,
to say that the problem of readjusting the
Western Alliance to the revival of Europe
is a matter between civilized men, not
tragic or insoluble. Mr. Khrushchev sent
his closest associate, Mr. Mikoyan, to say,
I think, that he clings to and cherishes
the historic advance made under Presi-
dent Kennedy, which has been to defuse
the Cold War.
IT'IS REALLY UNNECESSARY for Presi-
dent Johnson to reaffirm the American
commitments, since he has taken part in
making them. There is no need for him
to promise with pedantic detail that noth-
ing will change. For in fact the world is
changing. There will come before him the
unfinished business of readjusting the
policy of the United States to the chang-
ing balance of power between the old
world and the new.
The old world consists of the two Eu-
ropes and the Soviet Union and, unavoid-
ably, China; it has changed radically
since World War II, and it is changing
rapidly now. The President should, above
all things, not let himself be rushed into
foreclosing the future. It is vain to sup-
pose that the United States policy in
1964 and after can be or will be a carbon=
copy of what it has been during the post-
war era.
THE MOST PRESSING unfinished busi-
ness is here at home.
We have the gigantic work of adjusting
our way of life to the scientific revolution
of this age, to the stupendous growth of
the population and to the conglomeration
of great masses of our people in the cities.
But for us the most poignant unfinished
business is also especially our own. It is
to go on with the task of assuaging the
remaining consequences of slavery. The
sins of the fathers, which was to contam-
inate the land with slavery, are visited
upon us.
Dealing with this original evil is a task
which has for a hundred years strained
deeply and tragically the integrity of the

By STEPHEN BERKOWITZ
IF A POPULARLY elected presi-
dent secures the presidency in
Venezuela following the current
elections and if he stays in office
-it will mark a significant change
in the history of that nation:
Venezuela has not seen a peaceful
transmission of government au-
thority from one popularly elected
president to another in all of its
142-year history:
Unofficial returns yesterday
gave Raul Leoni, candidate of
President Romulo Betancourt's
Accion Democratica party, a large
lead in the Venezuelan presiden-
tial elections. Concurrently the
FALN, leftist - terrorist under-
ground, stepped up its activities
in Caracas.
Leoni, who enjoys a reputation
of being a rather unspectacular
party politician, held an edge of
some 200,000 votes, nationally,
over Dr. Rafael Caldera, leader
of the centrist COPEI party. Cal-
dera acquired the second largest
number ofhvotes in Caracas. In
areas other than the capital,
Leoni's closest rival was the URD's
Jovito Villaba, who carried more
support than it had previously
been estimated he would.
*a*
MOST IMPRESSIVE, of course,
was the large proportion of the
Venezuelan electorate which turn-
ed out to vote. The electorate dis-
regarded a FALN call for casting
blank ballots to protest the "re-
pression of opposition" by the
Betancourt regime.
The large percentage of the
Caracas vote which was cast for
Leoni may indicate an adverse
reaction to this terrorism, which
rose to a fever pitch as election
time approached.
In as much as Leoni represents
the trade union wing of the AD
party, he may have had more
support in the capital itself than
Betancourt enjoyed.
* * *
IN THE COMING MONTHS-
during the so-called "critical per-
iod" after the election-Leoni will
undergo a careful scrutiny by the
leaders of the military. If it is
decided that the armed forces-
or a significant part of it-can-
not be reconciled to Leoni, as
they were to his predecessor, he
may be overthrown by a military
coup.
In any event, it seems likely
that Betancourt will continue to
exert a good deal of influence on
the conduct of both government
and party affairs during Leoni's
tenure in office. If a conflict
should develop between Leoni and
the armed forces, Betancourt may
be called upon to mediate.
In the wake of FALN terrorism,
speculation has risen as to wheth-
er or not the army will intervene
in the "interests of order" if it
becomes apparent that the civilian
government is incapable of bring-
ing the opposition under control.
It has been theorized that the
FALN seeks such a military gov-
ernment as a way of bringing
down the present regime.
* * *
IT SEEMS more likely, however,
that the FALN (borrowing from
Che Guevarra's book, "Tactics")
seeks to bring about government

have no otherrecourse than to go
to the streets. There has been a
noticeable increase in terrorist ac-
tivity since the ban. Further gov-
ernment activity directed against
these groups may, thus, actually
cause them to become more mili-
tant.
S* * *
A PERSON sensitive to the
niceties of civil libertarian de-
mands will be able to direct a good
deal of justifiable criticism to-
wards the AD regime. Betancourt
has, among other things, ordered
deputees of the Communist Party
and MIR arrested in violation of
"congressional immunity."
In fairness to Betancourt it
shoulk be pointed out that the
guerrilla activity antedated the
legal restrictions on party activ-
ity. However, in as much as the
alleged connection between the
deputees, their parties and the
revolutionary forces has not be
judicially substantiated, the cred-

ibility of these chargc; is a matter
of dispute.
* * *
ON THE positive side, it seems
apparent that Accion Democratica
enjoys the support of the vast
majority of the Venezuelan peo-
ple. The government's strength is
especially pronounced in the rural
areas where it has carried on an
extensive program of land dis-
tribution.
The agricultural sector of the
economy, however, involves only
a minute portion of the country's
export economy. Oil, alone, ac-
counts for over 90 per cent of the
nation's export credits. Because of
this--and because the majority of
this oil flows into the United
States-the Venezuelan economy
is subject to the vicissitudes of
market fluctuation
This and other problems, if pres-
ent trends in voting returns are
borne out, will soon be knocking
at, Leoni's door for solution.

I AM only too painfully

aware

FROM JFK TO LBJ:
A Marked Change, in the White House

By PHILIP SUTIN
National Concerns Editor
WHILE NO ONE expects great
changes to occur during the
transition period between the
Kennedy and Johnson adminis-
trations, sharp changes will most
likely be made overhtime. The
tone and actions of the Johnson
administration will be quite dif-
ferent from- its predecessor, but
this difference may not become
apparent for six months.
The presidency, like most other
political posts, is characterized by
the office holder. Each man makes
his own mark upon the office and
no matter how sincerely one man
promises to maintain the admin-
istration of his predecessor, there
.are bound to be changes.
** *
HOWEVER, the difference is
going to be quite marked in the
Johnson administration. President
Lyndon B. Johnson holds a con-
ception of presidential power
sharply unlike that of the late
John F. Kennedy.
Kennedy was a believer in bold
presidential action and strong ini-
tiatives, as advocated in Richard
Neustadt's "Presidential Power."
He was also somewhat of an in-
tellectual, using an intellectual ap-
proach to political problems and
surrounding himself with intel-
lectuals as advisers.
Thus Kennedy took a bold,
foreward approach in political
dealings-whether they were with
Congress or the Soviets. He sought
to maneuver rather than com-
promise. He preferred bold ad-
vances to slow consolidation.
Kennedy's willingness to tred to
the brink of nuclear war to force
Soviet missiles out of Cuba shows
the positive side of his approach.
His failure to move his legislative
program through a balky Con-
gress shows the negative side.
Congress, which moves by prag-
matic compromise, did not appre-

civil rights bills-using these tac-
tics.
As Johnson succinctly 'put it,
"I accept every man as being as
patriotic as I am. I think most
of them have had experience and
judgment, or the people wouldn't
have selected them to come here.
I know I can be wrong. I think
what I do is right or I wouldn't
do it. But the other fellow's view-
point must be considered too.
"I am a great believer in the
philosophy of the prophet Isaiah,
'Come now, and let us reason
together.' Our system is a govern-
ment of reason, or 'judgment,

influential as Johnson has had
long association with them on the
Senate armed forces and space
committees.
Were it not for the Kennedy
name, Atty. Gen. Robert F. Ken-
nedy would also quickly depart.
But his family connections to the
late President and his political
savvy will be useful to Johnson.
However, the attorney general's
influence will decline sharply as he
and Johnson have not seen eye--
to-eye on civil rights.
Other close cabinet friends of
the President such as agriculture
secretary Orville Freeman and in-

the important dignitaries such ad
President de Gaulle, Prime Minis-
ter Douglas-Home and Deputy
Premier Mikoyan who came to
Kennedy's rites.
This necessary caution will lead
to a period of uncertainty and
drift in foreign policy while John-
son becomes accustomed to the
White House and its manifold
problems. The forward momentum
of Kennedy's policy will be lost,
but Johnson is a strong leader who
can restore United States initia-
tive if he desires.
Because Kennedy was slain by
a self-proclaimed "Marxist, 'the
Russians will tred slowly for fear
of hardening United States public
opinion. Soviet Premier Khrush-
chev is still entangled with the
Chinese and would not like to cope
with a two-front crisis.
-Civil Rights. On the basis of
his past record, Johnson seems
able to guide Kennedy's civil
rights program through Congress.
He has steered moderate proposals
twice before through a reluctant
Senate, and his political abilities
indicate he could do it a third
time.
But Johnson will have trouble
bottling up the civil rights move-
ment the way Kennedy did. This
movement has grave implications
for the peace and stability of the
country. One reason that the
racial conflict has been as peace-
ful as it is, is the movement's
trust in the administration. John-
son's southern background and his
probable moderate position will
shake this faith and may lead to
frustrations and increased vio-
lence.
-Domestic Issues. Johnson is
expected to push for the Kennedy
tax cut and reform program. As a
long-time supporter of public
works, he can be counted on to
continue to push such projects,
increased social security benefits
and aid to education.
* * *

CHANGING SCENE-Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara
(left), the czar of the defense works, will probably be in for a
change but Secretary of State Dean Rusk will most likely remain
status quo as the Johnson administration makes its changes.

where men have dignity and where
each can express himself."
* * *
HOW WILL the Johnson com-
promise and "reason" approach
effect the Washington scene?
-Cabinet. Johnson has asked

terior secretary Steward L. ,Udall
are expected to leave soon. So will
most of Kennedy's close personal
advisors.
One significant holdover will be
state secretary Dean Rusk whom
Johnson greatly admires. While