University Financial Problems: The ean Years (First of two articles) By H. NEIL BERKSON Each year the University, a state-supported institution, goes to the Legislature with a request for operating funds. Each year the Legislature appropriates significantly less than the University asks for. The Regents no longer mince words in explaining the situation. Their budget message to the state for the fiscal year 1964-65 says, "Our own studies clearly demonstrate that since 1957-58 there has been a steady erosion of the strength of the University. The resultant deterioration and demoralization, if permitted to continue, seriously threaten to endanger excellence in teaching, competence in research and continued high proficiency in public service." Preferred Word "Intangible" is the word key administrators prefer in describing this process. "The erosion is similar to a case of malnutrition-it goes on unnoticed," one source said. But definite indicators are present. Since 1958, for instance, the University's faculty salary level has drop- ped from fourth in the country to twentieth. Another statistic shows that between 1957-58 and 1962-63 enroll- ment increased by 3300; the teaching staff increased by 39. One new teacher was added for every 84 students-the normal ratio is 1:14. For this academic year enrollment increased by 800 while staff 1957-The University requested $34.1 million; it received $30.2 increased by 52. However, 83 per cent of the additional staff are teach- million. ing fellows. "A proportion of 20 per cent in this rank is certainly the 1958-The request: $37.2 million; the appropriation: $30 million. upper limit," the budget statement says. 1959-The request: $36.7 million; the appropriation: $32.8 million. Not Insoluble 1960-The request: $38.6 million; the appropriation: $35.2 million. The important figure is the $9.4 million increase. If it were to be approved by the state it would be divided among the following six gen- eral areas: -Salary increases; -Provision for higher enrollment and augmented programs; -Books and services: -Services for new buildings, rehabilitation and plant mainten- Nevertheless, administrators say that the problems are not yet insoluble. But with a University committed to an expanding enroll- ment, they are more and more fearful. "Without a sharp increase in our appropriation it will become very difficult to augment, even to maintain our staff," Marvin L. Niehuss, the University's chief admin- istrator after President Harlan Hatcher, says. "It will be hard nextt year and even harder the year after."f The reason is easy to determine-the "war babies" are on theirt way. The University anticipates an enrollment increase of 1300 for the next academic year. College enrollment in the state of Michigant is expected to increase by 11,000 next year and 22,000 in 1965. The University's financial troubles date to the fiscal year 1957-58.c Prior to that time its operating funds appropriations from the Legis- lature were roughly equal to its requests. In 1956, for instance, it asked $27.7 million and received $27.5 million. From there the record is asf follows: 1961-The request: 1962-The request:; 1963-The request: The sharp division $41.6 million; the appropriation: $35.3 million. $43.6 million; the appropriation: $36.6 million. $43.3 million; the appropriation: $38.2 million. Financial Crisis between the University's requests and its ap- anc e; -Research and public service, and -Third term operation-first half (May-June, 1965). propriations grew out of the state's financial crisis which culminated in the "payless paydays" of 1959. The Regents, however, maintain that, "In view of Michigan's total economic resources, it is clear that financing higher education in Michigan is a problem of policy, not of assets." Whatever the case, the yearly confrontation has begun again, and the Regents are asking for a higher appropriation than ever before. In September they approved and submitted to the state a budget re- quest of $47.6 million for the fiscal year 1964-65. This represented a $9.4 million increase over this year's actual appropriation. It should be added here that the University's total proposed 1964- 65 budget is $62.5 million. The difference, however, derives from stu- dent fees and other constant sources of income. Salary Increases Nearly $3.3 million is allocated for salary increases, the top prior- ity item on the list according to Niehuss. "We must maintain the quality of our staff if we're going to remain a first-rate university," he says. "Salary increases are mandatory if we5re to stay in a com- petitive position vis-a-vis other institutions in the country. Our salary scale is not nearly as high as it should be even now." The University put as much money as it could into salary raises over the past two years. All the money from a tuition raise last fall went toward that end. Moreover, faculty paychecks went up an average of 3.6 per cent for this academic year, according to James See 'U', Page 8 ROMNEY INEXPERIENCE DOOMS TAX See Editorial Page C14, r 5kCi~~ :4E ait1 MOSTLY CLOUDY High-s Low-44 Overcast skies, rain likely Seventy-Three Years of Editorial Freedom VOL. LXXIV, No. 58 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1963 SEVEN CENTS EIGHT PAGES OPPOSES TUITION HIKE: SGC Passes Lobbying Motion By MARY LOU BUTCHER Student Government Council spoke out against any tuition increase last night and also mandated Council President Russell Epker, '64BAd, to testify before appropriate legislative committees next spring in support of an adequate higher education appropriation. Council also mandated Epker to: write appropriate letters to ' various state officials; to consult with the Michigan Region of the United States National Students Association for possible joint Mich- igan student lobbying for a high- Votes Bill To Assist Romney Seeks To Rescue Educaton Proposal for Income Tax Heyns Talks On Education By THOMAS DeVRIES Collegiate Press Service CHICAGO-No state is doing an adequate job of preparing for the "bulge" of students that are about to hit the nation's colleges and universities, Vice - President for Academic Affairs Roger W. Heyns said yesterday. He spoke at a luncheon or some 25 executives of Chicago newspapers and radio and televi- sion stations. Heyns blamed a "communica- tions gap" between the public and educational institutions for the lack of "deep pudic concern" over how to care for the rising num- bers of students. Expects Rise The University, he said, expects a 40 per cent rise in applicants In 1965; yet people seem to hope" "these young people are going to disappear into a crevice some- where." That university administrations are concerned, however is evident, , Heyns said. He mentioned the "terrific com- petition" for faculty members but said there "just are not enough good minds" to fill the jobs avail- able. Failure to meet the increasing demands for more faculty mem- bers will result in a "serious drop in the quality of college educa- tion," he warned. Language labs and televised in- struction would not lower costs. Heyns pointed out that the Uni- versity had quadrupled expendi- tures on its language labs in the last five years without eliminating any personnel. Of the University's budget, 80 per cent is still for salaries, he said. Student Body Changes in the student body have raised costs too. Nearly half of the University's student body is now in graduate or professional work-a fact that reflects a na- tional trend. Commenting on students in gen- eral, he said they are "very much grade-oriented" and "working a lot harder than most of us ever did." Today's student is aware of himself as a "citizen of the world." The role of the students and faculty of a university in Ameri- can life is enlarging, he said. He mentioned the newly formulated relationship between the Univer- sity and Tuskegee and also the University's work on the high school-dropout problem as exam- ples of this role. Yesterday's meeting was the f i r s t of several planned to acquaint news media people with the work of the University. An- other is planned for December in New York City. (41 f) er appropriation and no tuition hike; and to request the SGC delegates bring this issue to the attention of the students "blue- ribbon" committee. In support of a motion sub- mitted by Daily Editor Ronald Wilton, '64, Council unanimously endorsed a declaration stating that it "believes that any increase in tuition would be detrimental to the University and its students. More Hardship "It would b r i n g additional hardship to students already in the University and would prevent potential qualified applicants from attending the University, wasting valuable human talent." Wilton pointed out that "Gov. George Romney's administration is considering two alternative higher education budget increases, neither of which is considered adequate for the needs of the state's colleges and universities." While one proposal calls for a $10 million increase over this year's $110 million appropriation, the second provides for a $10 mil- lion matching program-$5 million to be appropriated by the state and $5 million to be obtained through tuition increases. "A tuition boost, if forced upon the University, would be its fourth since 1958 and would raise in-state tuition over the $300 level and out-of-state tuition over the $1000 mark," he said. Below Requests He also pointed out that Gov. Romney's proposed appropriation for higher education is $30 mil- lion less than requests of the state-supported colleges and uni- versities. State officials, to whom Epker is to write letters expressing Council's views, are: Gov. Rom- ney; Comptroller Glenn S. Allen; Romney education aide Charles Orlebeke; Speaker of the House Allison Green (R-Kingston); Ref. A r n e 11 Engstrom (R-Traverse City) chairman of the House ways and means committee; Rep. Ray- mond Wurzel (R-North Street), chairman of the House education committee; Sen. Stanley G. Thay- er (R-Ann Arbor), Senate major- ity leader; Sen. Frank D. Beadle (R-St. Clair), chairman of the Senate appropriations committee; and Sen. William G. Milliken (R- Traverse City), chairman of the Senate education committee. RUSSELL EPKER .to testify WHEAT: USSR Hits Condition MOSCOW (,)-Complaining of high United States shipping costs, Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev said yesterday a deal to buy American wheat may be canceled. "We want equal conditions on an equal footing with other coun- tries," he told a group of visiting American businessmen. "And we agreed to use American ships, but at world prices." Khrushchev showed impatience at the pace of negotiations in Washington on the wheat deal, which might involve $250 million in American grain. "It may well happen," he said, "that we will let you eat your own grain. I do have a feeling one might not come to an agreement on the grain deal. "I have sent instructions to our representatives at the talks to say that if the Americans go on in- sisting on discriminatory terms then our delegation will break off the talks and will leave." The United States insists the wheat must be carried in United States ships, whose rates are high- er than other nations. In calling for more trade,j Khrushchev said he would want chemical fertilizer factories and factories to manufacture pest and weed sprays. The premier made the state- ments in the course of a long dis- cussion in which he again called for more trade with the United States. WASHINGTON (AP)-The House gave overwhelming approval yes- terday to a bill authorizing $1.2 billion to help the nation's crowd- ed colleges expand. A 258-92 roll call vote sent the bill to the Senate, where a stiffer fight is expected over a provision making federal grants available to private and church-related col- leges. Speaker John W. McCormack (D-Mass), who hailed the solid bi- partisan support the House gave the bill, said it would be of "in- estimable value" both to higher education and the nation. Building Grants The bill would authorize $690 million in building grants forl junior colleges and colleges, $145 million for graduate schools, and $360 million in long-term, low- interest construction loans for all higher education institutions. At the college and graduate school level, the grants could total only one-third of the construc- tion cost of a project. For junior colleges, the federal share could be 40 per cent. The bill would give a strong thrust to the development of pub- lic community junior colleges by requiring that each state set aside 22 per cent of its share of the $690 million for such construc- tion. Each state's allotments would be based on its high school and college enrollment. Blend of Versions The bill is a blend of versions passed earlier by the House and Senate. It limits construction at the college level to libraries and facilities designed for teaching science, mathematics, engineering and modern foreign languages. However, the compromise strikes from the Senate bill language saying they could be used only for such purposes. This change could cause trouble when the Senate takes up the bill-probably next week. Conference A Of Slighting I Pressure on Departments Declines FRENCH, GERMAN: I 1 By DUANE MACKIE The pressure put on the gradu- ate French and German courses is not quite as serious this year as it was last, the chairmen of both departments report. Prof. Clarence K. Pott, chair- man of the German department, said that enrollment in German 111, the first semester graduate course, actually declined some- what this year, from 177 to 157. The course is composed of four sections as it was last year. allow- ing a slight reduction in the num- ber of students per section. Basically 'Unchanged' Prof. James C O'Neill, chgir- man of the French departrment, reported that the situation in his Negroes Claim ElectionIle gal JACKSON (A)-Democratic Lt. Gov. Paul Johnson faced threats yesterday of Negro court action seeking to wipe out his record- smashing general election victory for governor over a bold Republi- can challenge. With Johnson's lead over Re- publican Rubel Phillips approach- ing a 2-1 margin, Negro leaders announced they would go into fed- eral court under a Reconstruction Era law permitting contests on grounds persons were unlawfully denied voting rights because of race. The Phillips vote was the larg- est ever given a Republican in this deep South state. eccuses HRC )iscriminalion department is basically "un- changed" from last year. The number of students in French 111 declined from 137 to 130 this year. However, Prof. O'Neill reported that the French department did not receive the "avalanche" of protests that it did last year dur- ing registration. He attributed this largely to the fact that the course opened with four sections this year, instead of three like last year. An extra session had to be added duringiregistration then. Prof. O'Neill reported that the second semester course, French 112, is under "no strain" because it is composed of only one section. Down Slightly Prof. Pott said that German 122 is down very slightly in en- rollment to 77. Three sections make up the course, varying from 24-29 students per section. Prof. Pott hypothesized that the enrollments in the two courses have declined slightly for two reasons. First, it is possible that more students have availed them- selves of the proficiency exam when entering graduate school. If passed, the language need not be taken. The second possibility, Prof. Pott said, is that more students possess competence in German when they enter graduate school because they have taken German while undergraduates. Third on List Prof. Pott pointed out that the graduate German courses are third on the list of priority. First are the courses that satisfy lit- erary school requirements, and second are the courses that sat- isfy concentration requirements. In most cases, the number of stu- dents per section in the two top priority courses is much smaller. Nonetheless, "German 111 as it is set up is not shortchanging the student at all," Prof. Pott said. He attributed this to the higher level of maturity of the graduate student, and also to the fact that the goals of the course are more limited. The aims of German 111 and 112 are "purely practical," Prof. Pott said. There is "no pretense of working extensively with con- Haber Explains CEEB Action ByCommittee versational German," he noted, saying that the goal of the two courses is simply to give the graduate student a reading knowl- edge of the language. German 111 deals with the structure of the German language. Later in the semester the student reads "a number of essays on a variety of topics," Prof. Pott said. In German 112, the student is "very quickly" taken through the 'main trouble points' of the language. > Cavanagh, Governor To Confer Democrats Form Special Committee To Study Program By THOMAS COP Gov. George Romney, attempt- ing to keep his dying tax reform program alive, will meet with De- troit's Mayor Jerome P. Cavanagh today. The governor is going to Detroit in an attempt to gain some sort of compromise, Sen. Basil W. Brown (D-Detroit) said. "However, I think that he's go- ing at this attempt backwards. He's going all the way to Detroit to talk to Cavanagh, when he could simply walk into our offices here," Brown stated. No Attempt He still has made no attempt to meet with the Democrats in the Legislature, Brown continued. "Romney should talk with us- Cavanagh doesn't have one vote up here," he said. Rep. Joseph A. Gillis (D-De- troit) said that he "thinks it well that the governor is finally com- ing around" to talking with the Democrats. "He has to do some- thing along this line because even his modified tax plan won't do for Detroit," Gillis said. In the House, the Republican caucus decided to leave Romney's tax bills in the taxation commit- tee until they could find out just where the House Democrats stand on the plan. To the Floor The House caucus had previously voted to have the bills released "as soon as possible" to the floor, so that the entire House could take action on them. "They're trying to come up with a plan to salvage Romney's pro- gram," House minority leader Joseph J. Kowalski (D-Detroit) said. In other action, Senate minor- ity leader Charles S. Blondy (D- Detroit) said that he was forming an "informal committee to try and hammer out a program that would be acceptable to both parties." Blondy said that the committee would be made up of five Demo- cratic Senators and five Demo- cratic Representatives, but that "we will invite any Republicans who want to, to sit in on the meetings." He said that "the state must provide sufficient services for the people. An income tax seems to be the only tax that can provide the funds for such services. "However, many of the Sen- ators think that the income tax is dead," Blondy admitted. Probable Member Brown, who had been named b Blondy as a probable member of the informal committee, said that "nothing has been said to me about it, although I had heard of + , J..e 11 PROF. P. N. TARLING .. . colonialization COUNTERREVOLUTION: Boyd Speaks on Ne By DICK WINGFIELDf "The freedom revolution-the revolution that recognizes thej Negro as a person-is gaining momentum," Rev. Malcolm Boyd, Episcopal minister from Detroit, said last night. "But with it also grows the counterrevolution." "What we want to do is define the nature and purpose of the revolution. We realize that the process will be painful, but it is equally necessary. The black man should no longer have to worship a white god," he said. One Root -_4 +.-t.,4 -- -+ - ..Y.nm c .j . n. The Ann Arbor city government's Human Relations Commission was accused Tuesday of being "50 years behind the times" and failing to regard discrimination as a "threat to the public health" by members of the Ann Arbor-Washtenaw Conference on Religion and Race. Three members of the group, Mrs. Lauri Talayco, former HRC secretary who resigned Sept. 4, Prof. Albert Wheeler of the medical _ - -school, representing the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and Mrs. Stuart M. Gould, a member of the HRC, SCevo lit charged that the city government n O ro Jhas not given the commission enough support in changing con- ditions. Prof. Wheeler, who was a mem- ber of the HRC in the administra- tion of Democratic Mayor Samuel Eldersveld in 1956, voiced a de- mand for enlargement of the HRC from 10 to 15 members, including Tarling Notes Role of Piracy In Asian Past By DIANE DUDLEY The pirates of the 19th century .in Southeast Asia were not always associated with robbery and acts of violence on the high seas, Prof. P. N. Tarling of the University of Queensland in Australia said last night. Areas with a large population were colonized first by the Euro- pean nations. Consequently, the less populated nations, which were politically immature, were wide open for anyone who wanted to gain pow- er through the use of piracy. Colonialization caused political upheaval which made it rather advantageous for pirates. Piracy was, therefore, affected by change. The "system" of piracy was very similar to the system of pri- vate wars during the Middle Ages in Europe. They both grew from political disorganization. In the arly 19th century the British began to form a policy in the area of Malaya which includ-! ed a "reluctance to act except in matters of strategic importance and a desire not to 'fall out' in international ties," Prof. Tarling said. Dean William Haber of the liteary college recently explain- ed further the action taken on Achievement Tests at Monday's faculty meeting. He said there were actually two votes taken on whether the col- lege should require the achieve- ment tests, given by the College Entrance Examination Board of applicants for freshman admis- sion. The first vote was on a motion at least seven Negroes.v "We feel that the HRC can't be sensitive. They don't know any Negroes," he said. "But the HRC doesn't get com- ni nintc haoi. onthe ~oVnnmc ofth : :. .