Seventy-Third Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICtGAN UNDER AUTAORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS ere Opinions Are Free STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG., ANN ARBOR, MICH., PHONE NO 2-3241 rruth Will Prevail" ditorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in al; reprints. AY, OCTOBER 27, 1963 NIGHT EDITOR: STEVEN HALLER LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Role of Research Supported WHAT KIND OF A WORLD? The Big Myth about Aid To Developing Nations V e AAAC, Heyns Lead 'U' To Examine Its Future NEW AND influential group is begin- ning to take a careful look at the versity's future. alled the Academic Affairs Advisory imittee, it was organized by Vice- ident for Academic Affairs Roger as and is made up of the deans of University's schools and colleges and ns. Its major project right now is to some idea of where the University d and should be five or ten years 2 now., A LARGE, diverse and decentralized stitution such as this one, this com- ee's undertaking is a big assignment. y important academic decisions are e within the individual schools and ges, in many different ways and er many different educational philoso- s. The upper administration's position fluential but ambiguous. Its financial er, close ties with the Regents and r, more subtle, levers give it a strong incomplete say over what goes on. ,s decentralization is in many ways rable. An' institution of this size, if bly and uniformly run from the top, d be prone to stagnation and dis- ent in the lower ranks. The Univer- s diversity certainly makes it a live- place. As one professor put it, "the akes they make in other departments t foul us up." it when faced with a University-wide s, such as the enrollment boom; or : considering broad questions, such ze future of graduate and undergrad- 'education or the proper role of re- ch, the University's disunity is a lia- y. The administration must either k decisions past ;the faculty or not e them at all, letting the institution -. FAR - AS some officials have ad- ntted-little has been done to give University direction. Now the AAAC epping in. its spring, Heyns asked each dean to nit a report, detailing where his par- ar school stands now and where he it and the whole University should ve or ten years from now. Heyns then each dean's prospectus and sent it 11 the other deans, who read all the rts and revised their own in light of ideas they found there. Now, at the monthly AAAC meetings, each dean gets a chance to present a ver- bal commentary on tie problems and predictions outlined in his report. Then the other deans question him about the ideas he expresses. THE AAACas a group, has no authority. But it is no idle debating society: its members, individually, are the Univer- sity's top academic decision-makers. The deans are the big men in their own schools and colleges, where crucial edu- cational policies are determined; and Heyns is the University's most dynamic, and in many respects most powerful, ad- ministrator. The effect these men will have on one anther-if the AAAC plan works out-will result in a more unified and forward-looking University. At the same time, the AAAC concept safeguards the beneficial side of decen- tralization. It opens the door to unity by promoting voluntary agreement between the schools, but does not threaten to stifle experimentation within the individual units by imposing administrative fiats in the name of unity. WHETHER this exciting start will lead to anything worthwhile remains to be seen. Given the tremendous diversity of philosophy and practice among the Uni- versity's divisions, the chances of the AAAC reaching a full cdiisensus on basic academic issues appears slim. But at least. the participants should approach oe an- other open-mindedly and disagree from a University-wide, instead of provincial, perspective. And hopefully Heyns will begin as soon as possible to publicize the deans' reports, so that the faculty (and the handful of students who are interested) may also broaden their viewpoint and join the debate. After all, whatever consensus the group may reach will be immensely more potent if the rest of the faculty is be- hind it. THE KIND of broad introspection the AAAC is attempting is long overdue. And the fact that our newest and young- est vice-president was the mover behind the idea bodes well for the future of the University. --KENNETH WINTER To the Editor: MICHAEL SATTINGER'S lead editorial in The Daily for Oct. 23 has two main themes. One, true beyond dispute, is that the prolonged dearth of state funds has hurt undergraduate education here. The other is that undergrad- uate education "has been forced to carry most of the burdens of sub- standard state appropriations over the last six years." The substance of his argument on this latter point is that too many state dol- lars go into paying faculty mem- bers for graduate teaching and re- search; too few state dollars go into paying faculty members for undergraduate teaching. While I can cite no conclusive statistics, I believe that the oppo- site is true. Mr. Sattinger did not take into account the very large contributions which federal and other non-state research funds make to faculty salaries, labora- tory costs, and other kinds of costs of teaching. Ten of the 114 mem- bers of the psychology department, for example, are paid entirely from state funds. The 104 others are paid in part from state funds and in part from research grants, contracts, or other non-instrue- tional fund sources. So a question crucial for Mr. Sattinger's argu- ment is whether the allocation of a faculty member's effort between teaching and other activities cor- responds to the division of support for his salary between state in- structional funds and other funds. MANY FACULTY activities cn- tribute to both research and teach- ing: examples are supervision of undergraduate and graduate stu- dent research projects, member- ship on thesis committees, coun- seling of undergraduate or gradu ate students interested in research careers, etc. In the case of a pri- marily research-oriented profes- sor, such activities are major parts of his work, since he usually does his research in collaboration with his students, while teaching them how to be researchers. A major effect of the prolonged dearth of state funds has been to make it necessary for such activities which serve both purposes to be funded mostly out of research funds rath- er than-state funds. Thus research funds are providing a not-very- well-disguised. subsidy for teach- ing activities of the University. In addition, the overhead that the University collects from re- search grants and contracts, cur- rently calculated at 54 per cent of salaries and wages for federal re- search contracts, provides sup- port for many activities (library, salaries of administrators, etc.) which also serve instructional functions. Whether that support is greater than, less than, or equal to some "fair" share of the cost of these activities is impossible to determine and irrelevant. It is certainly clear that overhead pays much more than the marginal cost of. administrative support for re- search; that is, it far exceeds the savings of administrative costs that the University could achieve by refusing all research funds. * * * THE' STATE appropriation for "general operations" (which means instructional and administrative purposes) in the fiscal year which ended last June was $36.7 million. Of that sum, $740,000 was for state support of the Institute of Science and Technology, so the sum intended for ordinary instruc- tional and administrative purposes is more like $35.9 million. Total expenditures for research during that same year were $35.5 million, of which only negligible amounts came from the state general oper- ations appropriation. The total amount of money avilable for spending on research' was, of course, larger than that; not all spendable money gets spent. In the fiscal year which ends next June, the state appropriation for general operations will be about $37.5 million, after deduction of $746,000 appropriatedfor IST. To- tal expenditures for research will be approximately $40 million. There is every reason to suppose that the trend will continue; sup- Port for research (mostly from federal funds) will continue to in- crease at a considerably higher rate than support for teaching. Th'ese figures imply that the re- search-fund subsidy to teaching activities is very, large, though exact determination of its amount would be impossible. Naturally, more of that subsidy goes to grad- uate than to undergraduate edu- catIon, since graduate students are more extensively involved in re- search and research-related activi- ties than are undergraduates. And the picture varies from one school and department to another; it is highly likely that more teaching is subsidized by research funds in psychology than in English, and more in instrumentation engineer- ing than in psychology. But the subsidy from overhead applies to the entire University, and more di- rect subsidies -apply to all of the natural, biological, and social sci- ences. 4 * 'I THE FACT that research is such a highly visible activity on cam- pus, and that professors spend so much of their time doing it, does federal legislators who vote abund- ant support for research and of state legislators who do not vote abundant support for higher edu- cation imply a social judgment that this state of affairs should continue. Personally, I think the heavy research orientation of this Uni- versity is a good thing for educa- tion as well as for research, Con- trast between the quality of educa- tion obtained here and that ob- tained at state universities in which little research is done sug- gests that learning (though not necessarily teaching) is better done in an environment heavily committed to research as well as to teaching than in one commit- ted to teaching almost exclusively. For undergraduate and graduate students alike, it is far more im- portant tolearn how to create and use new knowledge than to learn about what is already known; in most fields, existing knowledge obsolesces too rapidly to be the core of the post-college intellectual life of an educated adult. -Prof. Ward Edwards Head, Engineering Psychol- ogy Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology Suspend Sales .. . To the Editor: IT IS INDEED IRONIC and de- plorable that on the day of the 7th anniversary of the Hungarian Revolution, the United States gov- ernment announced the sale of 1.2 million bushels of corn to Hun- gary and the opening of talks with the Soviet Union about the sale of surplus wheat. Just seven years ago this nation was deeply moved by the rebellion of thousands of dedicated and pa- triotic Hungarians against the op- pressive yoke of the Red masters. Now seven years later, our govern- ment is engaged in aiding these same masters to cover up the in- efficiencies of the political and economic system which we so emphatically oppose. V ~ i WE URGEthe kennedy admin- istration to rededicate itself and the nation to "the great task re- maining before us-that from these honored dead we take in- creased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion-that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain." The State WITHR THE progressive perish- ing of its ideal the race loses more and more the qualities that lent it its cohesion, its unity and its strength. The personality and intelligence of the individual may increase, but at the same time this collective egoism of the race is replaced by an excessive de- velopment of the egoism of the individual, accompanied by a weakening of character and a les- sening of the capacity for action. What constituted a people, a unity, a whole, becomes in the end an agglomeration of individualities lacking cohesion, and artificially held together for a time by its traditions and institutions. It is at this stage that men, di- vided by their interests and aspi- rations, and incapable any longer of self-government, require direct- ing in their pettiest acts, and that the State exerts an absorbing in- fluence. --Gustave Le Bon "The Crowd," 1914 To implement this rededication, we urge the administration to suspend the sale of corn to Hun- gary and the talks with the Soviet Union. We also urge it to work diligently for the end of trade between our allies and the Com- munist bloc. Finally, we urge the government to re-establish the policy of advocating and seeking methods to free the captive na- tions. -Berge Gregian, '64L, Chair- man of the Special Com- mittee on the Captive Na- tions -Douglas Brook, '65, Chair- man of Young Republicans -James Russell, '66, Chair- man of Young Americans for Freedom -Arthur J. CoIlingsworth, '66 No Guarantee.. .. To the Editor: THIS IS A COPY of the letter sent to the Ann Arbor Human Relations Commission from the Human Relations Board of Stu- dent Government Council: The Human Relations Board of the University has always been interested in cooperating with in- dividuals and organizations work- ing to improve human relations in Ann Arbor. The letter requesting that we inform the commission of our proposed activities in this area states that "The Commis- sion is confident that it will have the full interest and suport, fi- nancial and otherwise, of the City Council and administration in a new and expanded program." In light of the recent action taken by the city council with regards to the fair housing or- dinance, we cannot snare yar optimism that city officials of Ann Arbor will support any ac- tion leading to the improvement of human relations in our city. WHILE WE RECOGNIZE that the commission is making some efforts at increasing its represen- tation of the community, it is essential that appointments to the commission are designed to improve its effectiveness. Even with the addition of two members to the commission, there is no guarantee that the commis- sion will be improved. Might we suggest that the number of com- mission members is less important than the quality of those appoint- ed. Mayor Creal's most recent nom- ination for the commission, Mr. Bletcher, is ample indication that we cannot expect an effective commission under present circum- stances. * * * WHILE RECOGNIZING that most of the blame for the inef- fectiveness of the commission in the past rests with the City Coun- cil of Ann Arbor, we do feel that the commission itself, with coura- geous leadership, could greatly in- crease its effectiveness. When the commission is able to regain the confidence of those seeking to end discrimination in our community, we will be more than happy to offer our full co- operation. We are confident that a Human Relations Commission could be of great service to the community. This, however, necessitates the sincere action of our city council and mayor toward a -just solution to the most important problem which faces our nation, our state and our city. -David Aroner, Chairman Human Relations Board By ROBERT M. HUTCHINS THE BIG MYTH about aid to the developing countries is that there has been some. There hasn't been any, because the countries that have given the aid with one hand have taken it- and more-away with the other. By definition, the developing countries are non-industrial. They are, as the saying goes, primary producers. They have to sell their products when the growing season is over. They have to sell them to the industrial countries, and they have to take the price the indus- trial countries will pay. The industrial countries don't have to sell to the developing countries at all unless they feel like it. They may not feel much like it, because selling and collect- ing in Nigeria may not be as con- venient or profitable for a New York firm as selling and collecting in Ohio or Canada. * * * WHEN THE INDUSTRIAL coun- tries sell to Nigeria, or Burma, or Paraguay, they have an advantage because their prices are rising and those in the developing countries SHANTA RAO: 13harata Nvatyarn' NTOXICATING rhythms, dazz- ling gold-embroidered saris, and a virtuoso performance by one of India's greatest dancers, Shanta Rao, amazed and delighted the eyes and ears of the spectators. Shanta Rao has been one of the leaders in the spectacular revival of classical Indian dance. Bhara- ta Natyam, the ancient temple dance of South India, is her spe- cialty. In the opening number of the program she gave a stunning ex- ample of the use of the human bodyas a percussive musical in- strument. The drummer beat out the rhythmic pattern, the nattu- vanar spoke the rhythmic sylla- bles, and Shanta Rao supplement- ed them both with an exact ryth- mic initiation with her feet. IN "Satyabhama's Letter" she showed another facet of her tal- ent. The mudras the gesture lan- guage of the dance, were done with great expressiveness, preci- sion and beauty. The folk dance from Andhra, danced by her assistants, Chan- dramati and Padma, had more fluid lines and less complicated melodic and rhythmicmpatterns than the classical numbers. The girls danced with youthful vigor but lacked the polish and precision of Shanta Rao. In the instrumental solo, Net- happa Krishinappa, mridanga, and S. P. Natarajan, flute, improvised with and against each other in perfect rapport. During the drum solo the flutist obligingly beat out the basic tala for those of us who have difficulty following the beat. NO SHARP LINES divide dance from drama in Indian art. In narrative dances such as the clos- ing number, "Kunti-Karna," it is difficult for_ a foreigner to follow the story line. However, Bharata Natyam can be appreciated on many levels. It is the oldest living art form in the world today. -Judith Becker are falling. The developing coun- tries must put up more and more to get less and less. The terns of trade have been so much against them as to wipe out the aid they have received. The changes since 1954 are in- structive. On the UN index, the prices of manufactured goods have risen ten points, from 93 to 103. The prices of primary commodi- ties have fallen 16 points, from 109 to 93. The prices of goods sold by Latin America, excluding petro- leum, have declined even more drastically, from 126 to 90, or 36 points. S * * * THIS IS NOT the whole story. In contrast to the noble reckless- ness of the United States in help- ing Europe everybody has been excessively cautious about the de- veloping countries. Through the Marshall Plan the United States pumped into post-war Europe 13 billions almost in a lump sum. Eighty per cent of the money was outright grants. These gifts were made to countries that knew all about industrialization and that had human and other resources wi h which to rebuild. be suggestion that the advanc- ed countries, to say nothing of the United States alone, should spend 13 billions all at once on the un- derprivileged nations would horri- fy the statesmen and bankers of the West. The relatively picayune sums they have made available to the underprivileged countries have for the most part been doled out as commercial or semi-commercial loans. If these loans are repaid on time, the repayments will about equal, at the present rate, the new aid being extended. The result will be the same as no aid at all. DAVID HOROWITZ, the gover- nor of the Bank of 'Israel, has discussed these matters for sev- eral years on visits to the Center for the Study of Democratic In- stitutions in Santa Barbara. He has now proposed his remedy to the governors of the World Bank. * Calling attention to the success of the Marshall Plan and of an investment in Israel of $5.7 billpn in, twelve years, he has appealed for a massive application of capi- tal in the developing countries, concentrated in a short' period. To reverse the trend of the terms of trade, he suggests eliminating all customs' duties on the primary products and simple manufactur- ed goods of the underdeveloped world. Governor Horowitz ends his statement by saying, "What is needed is an adequate scope of capital flow, some "nagination and, one might add, some gen- eral understanding of the facts as they are, flavored with a little human sympathy. (Copyright, Los Angeles Times) STATE: 'Haunting': S careless "THE HAUNTING" is no doubt one of the most useless movies to come around in a long time. It's not scary, not drama and not even interesting. Directors should either make a gory ghost story or a drama of ideas and characters. Only an artist like Henry James can use the supernatural as 'a vehicle for serious drama. "The Haunting" is neither gore nor drama. It seems that there is this haunted house-Hill House-that has had a couple of deaths and a suicide. Naturally, it's in "the remotest part of New 'England" and built by an eccentric misan- thrope. It's of that incredible style of architecture which is known as early ugly. There is also this anthropologist (any similarity to any professional anthropologist living or dead is purely coincidental) who is out to "prove scientifically" the exist- ence of the supernatural. It's pos- sible that Richard Johnson may have set back the scientific meth- od 100 years. * * * WHAT LEADS ME to believe that they may have tried to make this a serious drama is the con- stant reappearance of irrelevant interpersonal interaction. Julie Harris (the mousey type who is just beginning to live her own life) falls in love with Johnson (who.is already married but does not tell her). Why Miss Harris agreed to do this cmovie is .the biggest mystery in the show. Johnson mumbles j so badly throughout the movie that you thankfully can't understand his lines. Claire Bloom plays this sexy (but not interested in the men in the movie) mystic who has even less purpose than the plot. Russ Tambyln should have stay- ed in "West Side Story." LIKE THE NOVELIST who has i i t,. t. f 1i 9 JNDERSCORE: - ld ?//fter! ' s '3±T he . te~/m' N. BARRY GOLDWATER'S critics rightfully accuse 1;im of carrying on lalogue with his past, but they do not essarily see all the reasons. There has n a marked shift toward moderation roldwater's recent pronouncements as comes closer to seeking formally the P presidential nomination. . comparison of opinions written in dwater's best-known book, "The Con-r nce of a Conservative," published in 0, and a text of a Sept. 2 U.S. News and rld Report interview show this trend 'ard moderation. In 1960, Goldwater , "The graduated tax is a confiscatory . One' problem with regard to es, then, is to .enforce justice - to dish the graduated features of our tax s; and the sooner we get at the job, better." sample of the Sept. 2 interview ws: "Q. You've been quoted as saying t a graduated tax is a confiscatory is that your view? A. (Goldwater): I 't think I'd put it that way. But I ak it has been destructive of initative ad when you destroy American in- tive, you destroy the possibility of re earnings.... Q. Then you don't be- ,e in any graduation at all in the in- ie tax? A. (Goldwater): I won't go that but I'm opppsed to the theory." 4 OTHER issues, such as civil rights, and the United Nations, Goldwater's ition has not changed as sharply in ent months, but the reactionary tone Zis pronouncements has softened. oldwater is still against civil rights slation, but stresses his personal anti- rimination beliefs more than he did ee years ago. He is still opposed to king the United Nations any more n a debating society, but he has made iself less ambiguous on whether or not cals of either right or left. Goldwater has gone as far as he can go with his radical right support. If he is to get the GOP presidential nomination, he must now woo Republican moderate and liberal elements. This is one major factor, but not the only one. Goldwater is beginning to real- ize the complexities of the presidency and that sweeping philosophical statements, such as the one on the graduated income tax, are not realistic. He is beginning to' acknowledge the limitations of the in- dividual in affecting the presidency. The presidency, or any other public of- fice, is so institutionalized so that an in- dividual can make only limited changes in its overall directidn and policies. Each holder of the office leaves commitments and ways of doing things that cannot easily be discarded. Others, especially the civil servants necessary to make the ma- chinery work, have expectations and pat- terns of operations that are difficult to change. THUS THE "system 'will defeat Gold- water as it has defeated every other reformer. Goldwater's recent statements seem to reflect the realization that he cannot change the total drift of govern- ment-backward or forward-and that he can only change specific points. He also seems to realize, as in the case of the graduated income tax, that he is stuck with features of government, no matter how personally repugnant, and that at best he can only modify them slightly. THESE political facts of life do not di- minish Goldwater's importance as a presidential contender. He brings a gen- eral policy orientation sharply distinct frnm Pr PiArn+ t ;hr F_ Kennedy uinlike 1 d AWN A t f . ..s< aA:4. i,.e 1 t f. ' f ,, h { k Di " ti 1' .. of r1 14t r( I y i w f}2 4i: Y 1 °! i lF' Yom.. 1 z j. °' ter .. . e>' . ; r Ie A :., # i I r .