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Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
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Tribal Ritual

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
McLoughlin Trial
Raises Moral Issue

''xfi

AY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1963

ACTING NIGHT EDITOR: ANDREW ORLIN


Regent Murphs Aims:
Noble But Mistaken

GENT IRENE E. IURPHY of Birming-
ham, as most Daily reporters who have
e into contact with her know, is very friend-
rank and sympathetic to concerns of stu-
s. However, she's missing the boat pretty
y in asserting that the Regents are playing

Maintenance

IN A SUBTLE STATEMENT Wednesday,
Executive Vice-President Marvin Niehuss
said the University will maintain the present
number of out-of-state students next year with
any increase in enrollment coming from in-
state students.
The statement is not a real cause for alarm.
Niehuss explained that'this is not an inflexible
policy nor is it, in fact, even a set University
policy; rather, it is consensus, presumably
among University administrators, and pre-
sumably intended to last one year.
YET THE WARNING SIGNS are definitely in
evidence. This institution has traditionally
had to compromise to the demands of the
state Legislature; the University's freedom to
plan for growth and improvement is seriously
hampered and tampered with by that elected
body which pulls the purse-strings. And now,
it seems, a final intimidation--or is it com-
promise-has occurred.
Niehuss cloaked his statement in mild and
optimistic terms. He did not say \that the
University will be decreasing the percentage of
out-of-state students. He merely said that the
number will not be increased. Yet while that
seems to be a different case, at least at per-
functory glance, it is exactly the same: the
University will grow next year, the number of
out-of-state students will remain constant and
thus, the supposed 33 per cent of out-of-state
students will decrease.
THE MATHEMATICS are superfluous. What
is essential is that a University administr -
tor, in pacifying terminology, has announced
a tightening of the reins on out-of-state stu-
dents. The danger is clear: today's consensus
may be tomorrow's official policy..
Can this institution, particularly on its un-
dergraduate level, afford the loss of those out-
of-staters, those unwanted ones that bring a
cosmopolitan tone to this school and, by the
way, a great deal of tuition money?
-M. BRAHMS

absolutely fair with the highly controversial
study now underway on students' non-academic
lives.
Conducted by Vice-Presidents James A. Lewis
and Wilbur K. Pierpont, the study will probe
into:
1) whether certain aspects of campus organ-
izations could become more efficient with the
aid of the business and finance office, and 2)
the aims and functions of such organizations.
NOW, MR! LEWIS and Mr. Pierpont are the
only people taking part in this survey. Mrs.
Murphy doesn't see anything wrong with stu-
dents not being involved in evaluations of stu-
dent activities. When the report is submitted to
the Regents, it will be tabled "and not acted
upon until it has been given the widest pub-
licity." Mrs. Murphy apparently feels this
mechanism will give students sufficient op-
portunity to criticize and comment on the
Lewis-Pierpont manifesto.
But will it? The Regents kept things secret
when they authorized the report at their June
meeting. Lewis and Pierpont have been tight-
lipped as to the scope of their- inquiry.
TWO PARALLEL situations were the year-
round operations report of 1961 and the
Central Campus Plan report of this summer.
Mrs. Murphy claims that these two precedents
gaye ample opportunity for community criti-
cism before the Regents went ahead and took
formal action.
Again, she is mistaken. The only chance the
faculty had to influence the University's sched-
ule was on the type of year-round operations,
not whether to have them or not. The Central
Campus report was released in July-three days
after they adopted it as formal policy.
IT IS RATHER OBVIOUS that students
ought to have some sort of say in what their
campus activities should be like, especially in
view of well-placed rumors about the ambitions
and plans of our vice-president for student
affairs.
Since the Regents aren't going to have any-
one else besides Lewis and Pierpont in on the
preliminary report, they ought to make sure
that this time they actually do what they say
they will and invite the fullest possible com-
mentary from the student body.
-GERALD STORCH
City Editor

7l-
JP-
gap~ r
.

To the Editor:
WEDNESDAY'S TRIAL of Prof.
McLoughlin in M u n i c i p a l
Court on a charge of "loitering in
a public building," a charge placed
against him because he "sat-in"
at the City Council chambers to
express his convictions on the
moral and political issue of fair
housing, raises questions which
should deeply concern us if our
democracy is to survive.
The defense attorney, Vanzetti
Hamilton, developed an interest-
ing and exciting constitutional
problem which is at issue in Prof.
McLoughlin's conviction. Freedom
of expression as guaranteed by the
First Amendment, and made ap-
plicable to the states by the Four-
teenth, is certainly one of the most
important individual rights pro-
tected by our Constitution.
In his cross examination of the
defendant, S. J. Elden, the city
prosecutor, asked if the de-
fendant thought that he had the
right to determine whether or not
he should obey a particular law.
Prof. McLoughlin answered to the
effect that all men must search
their conscience as to whether or
not they can, under certain cir-
cumstances, obey a particular law.
Elden was outraged at the stand
the defendant had taken and then
proceeded to deliver a lengthy and
emotional defense of law.
Elden said law is above man
and must reign supreme. Law is
determined by society and in some
unclear way is sanctioned by God.
He further maintained that no
man can ever put himself above
the law and thus also above God.
I AM NOT an anarchist and thus
I am fully aware of the necessity
of maintaining a government and,
further, one based upon just laws.
Germany under Hitler was a gov-
ernment of the type of law de-
scribed- by Elden. There, to the
shame of mankind, law was placed
above humanity. Many Germans
maintained that they had no re-
sponsibility for what happened be-
cause they were ordered by law
to do what they did and it was
their supreme duty to obey the
law.
Unfortunately, too many people
in our own society are willing to
follow this philosophy of the role
of law in society, so eloquently ex-
pressed before our own municipal
bar.
I do not know whether it is
proper at any time for the presid-
ing judge to comment before the
court when hearing a presentation
so inimical to all our. ethical pre-
cepts. If, however, this is possible
then I am deeply concerned by
Judge O'Brien's failure to do so.
It is unfortunate that this city is
represented by an attorney whose
attitude toward law would sup-
port the contention that it was
the moral responsibility of the
people of Nazi Germany to uphold
the law even if they disagreed with
it.
I hope that all of us would obey
only those laws which we can
morally accept and break all those
we feel morally responsible to
break.
-David C. Aroner, '64
Baldwin ,.,.
To the Editor:
THE RECENT kaleidoscope --
like review of James Baldwin's
work in The Daily Magazine
leaves a great deal to be desired.
Miss Koral rightly centers upon
Baldwin's "message," that tran-
scendence of Self into meaningful
relationships with others as the
only answer to the chaotic situa-
tion of contemporary society.

But rather than support and
develop this point, she wanders
off filling the article with reckless
and superficial labels - "sheer
poetry" and irrelevant "filler"
quotations.
CERTAINLY Baldwin is con-
cerned with the Negro's racial
crisis, but one must see his con-
cern extending from this highly
personal attachment to that of all
humanity. Baldwin rightly sees
that the establishment of mean-
ingful relationships cannot take
place until the barriers of Self are
broken and transcended.
True, his characters constantly
batter and maim themselves, but
this is their only way of defining
who they are: identity through
suffering.
This testing, of course, involves
the loss of innocence in the initia-
tion to life itself. Whether the
individual is actually as innocent
as Salinger's child-gods would
have us believe, is another ques-
tion.
THE QUESTION Miss Koral's
article should have addressed it-
self to was that of exactly how
the transcendence from Self came
about.
In "Another Country," the pow-
er of this message is enough to
sustain the reader through" stilted
dialogue and imperfect imagery.
The ambiguity of the title char-
acterizes the means of develop-
ment-the "gimmick" of duality.
Black and white, men and women
(Baldwin's characters) s m a s h
again and again against each
other and the world in flux in
which they live.
The message is seen in clear re-
lief, for his characters are never
able to break the barriers that
they and their society erect in
order to enter into the "other
country" of love.
-George White, '65
THE STATE
Spanish
Bull
HAVE YOU ever gone to a movie
and felt all alone? Only to
find at the end that you are? Such
is the power of "The Castilian"
now showing at the State Theatre.
From the 80 odd who took their
chances, the numbers rapidly
dwindled. Every time Frankie
Avalon, whose position in any
movie is good for laughs, sang
more of the rip-roaring ballad
that served as continuity, his
unique power as a inoving singer
was proven and another eight to
ten people noisely showed their
appreciation by leaving.
The acting and production has
all the credibility and sincerity
of a B'nai B'rith Christmas cele-
bration; the direction, the imag-
ination of an old Shirley Temple
film with the same amount of in-
terest. Cesare Romero,, whose
death brought a roar of protest
from all six left in the audience
that "they killed the only guy
who can act," was extremely
funny as he took the accustomed
six minutes allotted speaking time
to die of his mortal wounds. The
rest of the acting was equally
hilarious.
"The Castilian" could easily be
the apex of the rising surge of
really bad pictures that have been
arriving at the State with remark-
able speed. One can only hope so.
-Hugh Holland

:4

v~

STUDENT-FACULTY GOVERNMENT:
Crucial Time for New Committees

THE LIAISON
Gloria Bowles, Magazine Editor I7

".. I, THEREFORE, recommend legis-
lation to establish a National Ser-
vice Corps-a small, carefully-selected
volunteer corps of men and women of all
ages working under local direction . . . to
help provide urgently needed services in
mental health centers and hospitals, on
Indian reservations, to the families of mi-
grant workers, and in the educational and
social institutions of hard-hit slum or rural
poverty areas." -President Kennedy
February 14, 1963
J'HIS IDEALISTIC administration proposal,
conceived after the overseas Peace Corps
proved itself successful, has passed the Senate
but is currently dying a slow death in com-
mittee in the 'House.
Senate passage of the bill came this summer,
on Aug. 14, and included an amendment limit-
ing the program to two years and setting the
fiscal 1965 authorization at $10 million. The
original bill asked for $15 million and no limit.
The bill also makes the program voluntary
and "by invitation." Local groups must request
the aide of the corps. It is obviously better for
an economically depressed Appalachian area to
ask for help themselves, but, on the other
hand, many areas which desperately need help
will not seek it.
Southern governors, for example, would not
ask for intruders into their territory, even if
corps projects were not directly related to civil
rights.f
THE ECONOMICALLY DEPRESSED Appala-
chian area is only one example of the need
for a program like the Domestic Peace Corps.
According' to the Conference on Economic
Progress, a nonprofit private organization
headed by Leon Kyseringly, 38 million Ameri-
cans live in poverty and 39 million more live
in deprivation. In a nation which is spending
millions of dollars on foreign aid, with a part
of those millions going to finance the humani-
tarian efforts of young Americans in the Peace
Corps, four million of our own citizens are un-
employed.
A presidential study group has shown that
In the richest nation in the world, forty per

pectancy of only 42 years, and 350,000-450,000
little children are living from hand to mouth
as their migrant families travel across country
according to the harvests.
SOME FIGURES are dry and tedious, but
these figures are human. A nation owes to
its citizenry more than mere subsistence, more
than the minimum in education. Those who
oppose the national service corps label it an-
other example of creeping socialism, federal
intervention. They contend that we can take
care of ourselves-that the good neighbor pol-
icy can work door to door, in our own com-
munities through individuals and private
charity groups.
It is, however, too much for them to do
alone. This nation's inability to cope adequately
with social problems like migratory workers and
the Indians-problems which have been with
us for many years and which have not been
solved by these private groups-indicates the
need for a centralized, directed effort. The
larger and more complex the nation, the more
the need for organization.
YOUNG AMERICANS have responded en-
thusiastically to the overseas Peace Corps.
They have shown a willingness to make that
important personal commitment as they rec-
ognize a responsibility to their fellow men.
The Peace Corps, and the proposed domestic
service corps, both represent an opportunity
"to do something" and an opportunity to pro-
vide a fruitful and satisfying experience for the
one or two usually uncertain years after col-
lege. Hopefully, a domestic peace corps would
eventually increase interest in work in the
social services-in needed professions such as
social work and nursing.,
After all, it seems only logical that the com-
mitment should be at home as well as abroad.
President Kennedy saw the implications for the
United States image abroad when he said, "We
shall be judged more by what we do at home
than what we preach abroad."
A domestic peace corps would provide the
means to harness the youthful social con-
science and point the way for young Americans
who have always wanted to help, but have
never known where to begin. In the Domestic

By DAVID MARCUS
Editorial Director
,TUDENT Government Council
last year took the first step
toward student faculty govern-
ment.
SGC set up a student committee
structure paralleling the faculty's
most important committees. But
this committee structure is only a
first step. The committees will only
go into operation this year. Much
depends on the initial approach
that the first students on these
groups take.
Tosaythe least, their tasks are
complex. Faculty government exists
on many levels and with many
ramifications that organizational
charts cannot make obvious. The
students must also experience a
shift in their points of view from
the parochial to the University-
wide. If they expect to have any
effect on the University, they must
also take the initiative in inform-
ing themselves about the workings
of the University.
THIS LATTER TASK is prob-
ably the most difficult. Students
tends to have an abysmal know-
ledge of the University in all but
the matters that most directly
concern their everyday lives. Few
candidates for SGC have been
able to answer such elementary
questions as "What was the size
of the University's appropriation
last year" or "Can you name three
University vice-presidents."
Students cannot be effective in
working in academic affairs unless
they know that Roger Heyns is
vice-president for academic affairs
or in research unless they know
that Ralph Sawyer is vice-presi-
dent for research. These are facts
of the most elementary kind; but
they are necessary for anybody
who wants to work in any area
that involves overall University
policy.
THEY MUST also acquire, some-
how, a sense of the University's
history and the evolutionary trends
that have occurred in the last 20
The Dead
HOW MANY Americanskwould
die in a. nuclear attack even
if we had shelters? This is a ques-
tion civil defense officials have
hitherto dodged, offering figures
on how many would be saved but
never on how many would die any-
way.
An official estimate has now
been smokedout for the first time
by the Hebert subcommittee of
House Armed Services. . . . There
is a chart submitted by Assistant
Secretary of Defense Steuart L.
Pittman which discloses these grim
figures.
 * *
THE CHART shows fatalities
with or without shelters for at-
tacks against military-urban-in-
dustrial targets ranging from 1,000
to 10,000 megatons. At 1,000 mega-
tons, the number who would die
even with shelters is given as fifty
million. At 5,000 megatons, the

years. These are both elusive. It is
difficult for a student to know
what President Ruthven's regime
was like or what changes President
Hatcher has made.
Yet again, this knowledge is
necessary if the students are to
have any perspective of just where
the, University is and has been
heading.
THE UNIVERSITY-WIDE point
of view is another difficult thing
to acquire but necessary attribute.
Student concerns tend to be limit-
ed. Over the last few years, for
example, SGC's major energies
have been devoted to questions
like discrimination in campus so-
cial organizations, parking and the
reorganization of the Office of
Student Affairs.
These have all been important
issues but they have also all been
very directly related to questions
of student welfare. Students work-
ing on these new committees will
now have to exhibit a concern for
faculty, administrative and poli-
tical problems of the University
as well as their own problems.
Hopefully, their acquisition of
a concern for faculty problems will
not be one-sided; perhaps they
can influence some of the faculty
with whom they will be working to
take a greater interest in student
problems.
THE ONLY real way for stu-
dents to prepare themselves to take
a broad viewpoint is for them to
contact a wide variety of non-
students. It means talking to fac-
ulty members in a broad rangeaof
disciplines and meeting a few of
the more obscure administrators
who rarely are in touch with stu-
dents. Finally, students must re-
alize exactly what faculty govern-
ment is before they devise any
grandiose schemes.
Faculty government exists on
several levels and only on strictly
academic matters does it have the
final say. And there are very few
matters that do not involve ques-
tions of money ,or space and these
have to be decided in conjunction
with one level or another of the
administration.
Much of the faculty's influence
on decision-making does not come
through the formal mechanisms in
which the students will participate
but through the more informal
processes of consultation or
through specially appointed ad-
ministrative committees.
All this forms an extremely com-
plex picture;, but it is necessary
for the students to master it be-
fore they can hope to have any
influence on the workings of the
University.
* **
PROBABLY they will not be
able to do it in the first year. The
most feasible approach is for stu-
dents to work toward a cumula-
tive knowledge of the University,
building files that can be passed
on from generation to generation
of student participants.
Of course, this will require that
SGC arrange to build up files for
every committee on which students
will be serving. Over the years,

HOPEFULLY, student - faculty
government will draw these two
segments of the University com-
munity together and will help
achieve a mutual understanding
as well as a broad understanding
of the problems of the institution.
This can only come about if
students begin the project by
thinking in long-range terms about
long-range goals rather than im-
mediate gains. If they do, argu-
ments about student transience
will fade away and students will be
able to play a significant role in
the workings of the University
community.
Clash
THE GREAT issue of our day,
whether we name it war -or
"peaceful coexistence," is between
those who believe that man has a.
soul as opposed to those who be-
lieve that man is a super-intelli-
gent animal. Or, to state it dif-
ferently, the issue is between those
who believe we can improve so-
ciety, only by improving man, and
those who believe we can improve
man only by improving society.
In other words, today ours is a
conflict between believers in the
Judaic-Christian tradition and ag-
nostics-between free enterprise
and socialism. The opponents
have been unfortunately also lab-
eled Conservatives and Liberals.
-W. P. Shofstall in
Vital Speeches of the Day

'7


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