,,w WIWg Jir4tdat aig Seventy-Third Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MRCHiGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS "Where Opinions Are Free STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BDo., ANN ARBOR, MICH., PHONE NO 2-3241 Truth Will Prevail"' Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. Thai must be noted in all reprints. SATURDAY, JANUARY 5, 1963 NIGHT EDITOR: MALINDA BERRY "You See -First Women, Then Negroes, Now Congressmen And Senators" DESIRE INVASION: Cuban Refugees Pose Problems for Miami By BARBARA LAZARUS THE SUNNY CITY of Miami is groaning heavily under the press of the many Cubans who have poured into the United States, escaping from Fidel Castro and Cuban Communism. Local schools are over- crowded, and special teachers and classes taught in Spanish have been added to accommodate the newcomers. Housing is also an acute prob- lem, as more and more refugees attempt to find living quarters in the many small hotels and apartments scattered throughout the city. As the situation becomes more strained, the hospitality of the natives is on the wane. The job situation adds to the weakness of the local economy. The Taylor-Donaldson Case: MississiPPI Battles Reality "PEOPLE HERE don't know what's happen- ing in the South. It's another world down there." So spoke a University student who had just come back from Nashville some weeks ago. The latest evidence of Southern hospitality comes from Clarksdale, Mississippi where two students from Michigan State University, Ben- jamin Taylor and Ivanhoe Donaldson (the lat- ter is not currently enrolled at MSU), have been in jail since Dec. 27. THE CHARGE: unlawful possession of bar- biturates. Translation: Taylor . and Donaldson were guilty of bringing food, clothing and medicine collected in Ann Arbor and Louisville, Ken- tucky for out-of-work Negroes who are lit- erally starving in the Mississippi Delta area. Mississippi doesn't have a written law against helping Negroes-at least, not yet--but the state has no problem trumping up extraordin- ary charges against anyone who chooses to ignore its unwritten laws. Though Clarksdale is 900 or so miles away, some aspects of the Taylor-Donaldson case just don't add up. The most glaring injustice so far is that these men were put under $15,000 bond apiece for an alleged crime which, if they were convicted, carries a maximum pen- alty of five years in jail and a $1,000 fine. Moving quickly, the Justice Department be- gan an investigation of its own, and coinci- dentally, bail was suddenly reduced by a factor of ten --from $15,000 to $1,500. THEN THERE'S the matter of illegal treat- ment of the two by the Clarksdale police department. They were not placed under ar- rest when they were picked up, and if the truck was searched at that time no drugs were apparently found. It was only after they had been languishing in jail for some hours that police suddenly "found" the barbiturates and pressed charges. The men were allowed no phone calls (Aaron Henry, president of the state NAACP found out "through the grape- vine") and have been allowed no visitors ex- cept for their lawyers. THE THREE DOCTORS in Louisville who contributed medidine for the Negroes have signed sworn affidavits stating that no drugs of any kind were included. Taylor and Donald- son have no record of addiction, moreover, they are smart enough to know that Mississippi police would grab them on the slightest pre- text. They would not be foolish enough to ask for trouble by carrying any illegal merchandise. No one knows how the so-called drugs got into their truck, but why did Chief of Police Ben Z. Collins refuse to divulge either the name or quantity of the barbiturates? Perhaps its because barbiturates are sold by serial number in different parts of the country, so that if the defense lawyer could find out what drug Taylor and Donaldson supposedly trans- ported they could discredit the whole case simply by proving that it came not from Louis- ville, but from a Clarksdale drugstore.' The Taylor-Donaldson case is not an isolated one. In various places throughout the South, police are using trumped-up charges and judges are passing outrageous sentences in a vain attempt to deny the reality of Negro equality. One shocking example also occurred in Mis- sissippi where Clyde Kennard is currently serving a seven-year jail term. THE CHARGE: being an accessory to a $25 burglary. Translation: Kennard attempted to get into the all-white University of Southern Missis- sippi and officials could think of no other way to keep him out. It is a disgrace to our heritage, to our prin- ciples, to everything Americans ever fought for that inveterate bigots are able to twist the law into an instrument of terror. "The philosophy of the authorities is to dis- courage this project," Henry said. "They think if they can make these boys look like crim- inals, people will stop sending us the things we need to stay alive." AGREED. But hopefully this incident will have the opposite effect. Hopefully it will be spotlighted all across the country so that the crude mentality of people like Collins and the city fathers of Clarksdale will not be in any doubt. Hopefully people will not ignore the in- cident because it "doesn't affect them," but will send letters and telegrams of complaint to newspapers and public officials everywhere, and will flood Mississippi with food and cloth- ing. It's about time for that state to learn that it can't play games with people's lives if they don't have a white skin. Men who ignore real- ity for too long are eventually swamped by it. -H. NEIL BERKSON THE KATANGA FENCE: Strange Alliances Result H y-Pankry in the Lounges THE STARK cold of winter has set in, and, with it, the realization that the weather is not conducive to the usual activity engaged in under the trees of the Arboretum. The prob- lem of where to go in subzero temperatures to pursue romantic activity is quite a dilemma. Most enamored couples who cannot take ad- vantage of the facilities of apartments or fra- ternity houses move to the lounges of women's residence halls. They do not limit their activity to Saturday nights; they carry on on week- day afternoons, too. Many of the dorm resi- dents even complain that the presence of these couples makes them feel uneasy when they walk past the lounges to get their mail at lunchtime. Guests ,have undoubtedly been shocked to see University men and women em- brace (and more) in public lounges. Obviously, this undignified situation must not continue. Before proceeding with proposed solutions, we should determine whether this problem ought to exist. Should places be provided where couples can be relatively alone together? My answer is yes. Many classmates and contem- poraries of University students are already married and rearing families. It would seem to follow then that University students are old enough for "romancing." Also, since this activity will apparently continue to exist in public lounges anyway if private places are not provided, providing private places would not be instigating anything. In addition, there is no good reason why men should suffer merely because they happen to live in quads rather than apartments or fraternity houses. NDEED, THE problem of where to show af- fection in winter is a real problem and one worthy of a solution. As a possible answer, "make-out lounges" have been proposed in the larger women's resi- Editorial Staff MICHAEL OLINICK, Editor JUDITH OPPENHEIM MICHAEL HARRAH Editorial Director City Editor CAROLINE DOW..... ............ Personnel Director JUDITH BLEIER...............Associate City Editor FRED RUSSELL KRAMER .. Assoc. Editorial Director CYNTHIA NEU....................Co-Magazine Editor HARRY PERLSTADT ............. Co-Magazine Editor TO.4 WEBBER............. .......... Sports Editor DAVE ANDREWS .,......... Associate Sports Editor JAN WINKLEMAN ............Associate Sports Editor ne s a dence halls. In my mind, the conditions of the establishment of such lounges might be as follows: 1) They would be located away from public view; 2) They would be completely (or almost com- pletely) without light; 3) They would exclusively contain couches; 4) A system would be maintained whereby potential users would sign up for a certain time on special sign-up sheets; 5) They would have to meet certain capacity standards set by the Fire Department. Clearly, the make-out lounge is not the answer to the dilemma; too many problems would arise. First of all, students might get injured fighting over the sign-up sheets, Sec- ond, periodic inspection by Fire Department officials (to see that capacity regulations are being obeyed) might prove embarrassing. Third, we have the reputation of the University (if just see a co-ed freshman writing home to Mother: "My dorm has many nice facilities- dining rooms, laundry rooms, piano practice rooms, public lounges, and make-out lounges." In short, this "solution" is as undignified as the initial problem itself. Fortunately, the resi- dents of the dorms involved are not support- ing the establishment of such lounges. AS AN emergency measure, Markley Hall is unofficially enforcing a couple patrol sys- tem in the lounges "to avoid embarrassment." It is disappointing to have to face up to the fact that men and women of the University must, be approached and warned that they are causing "embarrassment." This should not be the case, either. Perhaps the unsatisfactory and indefinite steps taken thus far show that students and administrators are not taking the problem seriously. The exercise of the imagination is needed here. Possibly opening men's rooms to women stu- dents during certain designated hours would be a feasible answer. This system is being em- ployed at such distinguished institutions as Antioch College, Sarah Lawrence College, the University of Chicago, and Harvard with fa- vorable results. Since the students would have more privacy under this system, there would probably be an easing of the "desperation" that invariably results when they try to create their own privacy in a public lounge. Even if such a system were patrolled (doors of the rooms should be left open), the situation would still be an improvement over previous situations. PERHAPS THIS "open-door policy" is not By MALINDA BERRY THE TOP Western allies are finding it hard to agree on any- thing more controversial than the greatness of the Mona Lisa. And the current muddle of pur- poses and antagonists in the Con- go has caused a further rift be- tween the United States and the European powers. The world situation is in turmoil enough with Skybolt, the Common Market, nuclear vs. conventional weapons for NATO, and De Gaulle. And now that the Congo situation has entered the fray it has thrown the United States on one side of the fence with the United Nations, and the French, the Belgians and the British on the other. Powers which are allied against UN handling of the Katangan sit- uation are those who seldom find agreement on any other interna- tional issue. THE UNITED States is getting nervous over U Thant's convic- tion that unless Katanga is taken back into the Congo proper, Pre- mier Cyrille Adoula's Central Gov- ernment in Leopoldville will col- lapse. And the administration sees collapse of Adoula as opening the door to anarchy and a leftist, pos- sibly Soviet-backed takeover in Leopoldville. In the long run, only a success- ful federation with Katanga will save Adoula. Tshombe, as well as the UN and the U.S. knows this. The military mission was, among other things, designed to increase pressure on Tshombe to toe the line. The French and British both have heavy investments in the Belgian-owned Union Miniere du Haut Katanga, the large copper and cobalt mining company which is the mainstay of Katanga's econ- omy, and they are advocating a hands-off policy. The Belgians have demonstrated their feelings by marching 200 strong, on the U. S. embassy in Brussels shout- ing, "Down with Kennedy." * * * THE BELGIAN officials of the Union Miniere weeks ago predicted that moves by the UN forces in the Congo would lead to new fight- ing between the UN troops and the Katangese, which would im- peril the facilities of the company. The UN is trying to compel Moise Tshombe, Katanga's politi- cal leader, to pay allegiance to the Congolese Central Government in Leopoldville. Since Union Miniere is the chief taxpayer to Tshombe, the company has been under UN pressure to pay the taxes directly to the Central Government. And new fighting would inevit- ably mean destruction and dam- age to the facilities, the company predicted correctly. Because of a complicated series of events, some as disastrously misunderstood and misread as Custer's actions preceding the Last Stand, the UN forces have marched on the Katangese and captured Jadotville, the key min- ing center of the Union Miniere, and are moving further into the secessionist province. THI renewed fihtin hpyoen In any case, Katangan soldiers soon after that shot down an un- armed UN helicopter killing one of the crew. Three days later a UN guard fired a warning shot at a Katangan soldier approaching his post. Unhurt, the Katangan rolled down a hill looking for cover, but his comrades had thought him hit. * * * THIS INCIDENT provoked the UN into the decision that Tshombe had lost control of his men, and they struck back. UN headquar- ters in New York authorized the 12,000 man force to "take all nec- essary action in self defense and to restore order." This began the march of UN troops, which as of now, is still moving across Ka- tanga province searching for Tshombe, who has gone into hid- ing, but has not surrendered. The Katangan retreat has been marked by a scorched earth policy. Shortly before the UN captured the key mining center of Jadot- ville Thursday, the followers of Tshombe unleashed a wave of de- struction that halted the Jadot- ville operations of Union Miniere. Destruction was continuing in Elisabethville, it was reported. Company officials said the flee- ing Katangans set off five explo- sions at the Jadotville refinery as well as cutting power lines and blowing up bridges. Secessionist forces earlierhad forced the com- pany to close its Prince Leopold mine at Kipushi near Elisabeth- ville and its Lumumbashi smelter at Elisabethville. * * * THE company yesterday closed down operations of the mines for the duration of the crisis, even though just last month the Union Miniere opened a' $14 million cop- per concentrator plant at Kakan- da, near Jadotville, that will con- centrate 700,000 tons of ore a year. This will add about 25,000 tons of refined copper to its producing capacity. The company now has a total capacity of 385,000 tons a year. The Belgian Prime Minister Paul-Henri Spaak has threatened to withdraw all the 18,000 Belgian nationals in Katanga. This would be the next logical step after clos- ing the mines. The departure of the nationals would mean the indefinite shut- ting off of resources from the cop- per and cobalt mines and the UN would be left with 143,000 square miles of desolation on its hands. Many Cubans, who are qualified take menial jobs or to retrain to meet Florida requirements for doctors or lawyers. Other Cubans, less well trained, will take any job they can get, oft- en at reduced wages. This intense competition for jobs between na- tives and refugees is placing a heavy load on local, state and na- tional welfare agencies which are forced to dole out continuous re- lief checks or food. The outlook for the future is even less promis- ing as jobs get scarcer and scarc- er, and new refugees continue to pour into Miami. * * * THE PLAN for relocation to dis- tant northern cities also seems a vain and unrealistic solution to the problem. Most Cubans intend to return to their native land as soon as the Communist threat is removed. They consequently want to remain as close to Cuba as pos- sible, merely waiting for the op- portune moment for return. They resist most attempts to send them to any Northern city out of con- tact with Cuba. Climate is also a factor keeping many refugees close to home. Florida's semi-tropical climate closely resembles Cuba's, and most refugees do not want to experience the harsh blasts of a cold Northern winter. Convincing Northern cities to aid in relocation is also a diffi- cult task. Many cities do not want to handle the new refugees and will only unwillingly accept a small group at any one time. Those who have been relocated have been re- ceived well, settling into the com- munities in new homes and jobs. This number in proportion to the daily influx coming into Florida seems quite small. Relocation is a worthwhile sentiment which has not been working well in practice. President John F. Kennedy's re- cent speech to the returned inva- sion prisoners encouraged the refugees and gave them pride in their past attempt and any future attempts to regain their homeland. His speech did not specifically out- line any definite formula for free- ing Cuba, but it gave new hope to the refugees. Revolutionary groups, though split into many factions, will continue to attempt to spread propaganda for a new invasion, to organize their forces for increased agitation and to keep the eyes of the United States turned south- ward. This hope, however vague and yet unformulated, will keep Cuban refugees living as close as possible to their homeland. * * * TO MANY refugees the ultimate solution is still war and a United States invasion. During President Kennedy's speech the audience could be heard chanting "guerra" (war) over and over. Obviously this plan can succeed only with United States aid; this invasion differing from the last one, bring- ing victory instead of defeat. It is doubtful that this is a realistic approach, since at the present time, the United States will not risk a similar attempt. The days continue to roll by and the Cubans wait patiently in the Florida sun. Each day their ranks are swelled by more and more refugees swarming into Mi- ami. Relief rolls will continue to be expanded, schools overcrowded and the housing shortage more acute. Unless some extra stimulus can be applied in Northern cities for relocation or the Castro gov- ernment falls quickly, Miami will have to bear the brunt of the refugees. As time passes, the pa- tience of Miamians grows more strained, and the situation be- comes more and more unbearable. professionals, are either forced to FILMY FILM: 'Peeping Creep BILLED as "an adventure in ter- ror," Peeping Tom, a British melodrama, has stumbled into the Campus Theatre; but an adven- ture in terror it most certainly is not. A more apt description would be an adventure in wasted effort. The film is typical mediocrity. It purports to be the story of a young photorapher, Mark Lewis (Carl Boehm), who is plagued by a little considered affliction-voyeurism. In short, he's a peeping Tom with a new angle: He takes pictures. Mark lives alone, upstairs in the family homestead. (He's rented the downstairs out.) From this vantage point, he films people by day and develops his handiwork by night. * * * BUT OF LATE, Mark has puta new twist on his work. He is de- termined to capture on film hu- manity in its ultimate stage of fright. And what is this ultimate stage - why fear itself, of course. The plot insults the intelligence of any reasonably retarded 10- year-old. Mark runs about, filming young ladies as they experience the ultimate fear. The only prob- lem is that this fear is hard to produce artificially. So Mark, in- genious fellow, resorts to reality. He kills his subjects - and they watch' themselves die in a mirror. They actually see themselves gripped by fear. How this obsession with fear is connected to Mark's voyeurism the film mercifully does not explain; the audience is spared this bore- dom. But the viewers must suffer nearly two hours of peering through the cross-hatched lense as Mark takes a picture and then sitting through the scene again as he views his handiwork on his handy-dandy home movie pro- jector. THIS NEAT little package is discombobulated, when romance rears its ugly head. The girl down- stairs, Helen Stevens (Moira Shearer), takes an unhealthy in- terest in the young recluse. Deter- mined to draw him out, she digs into his past life, and Mark tells all. It seems his father was a bril- liant biologist - who studied the effects of fear. Pappa planted tape recorders all over the house and trotted around after the boy with a movie camera. Mark's whole young life is a matter of public record. And was Pappa ever ingenious. He pulled such stunts as planting a lizard on the sleeping boy's bed, ready to photograph the young- and then waiting with camera ster's terror when he woke up. Nice guy. IN SHORT, the picture is one film clip after another, all spliced together in a most boring fashion. Moira Shearer is as bad in Peeping Tom as she was good in Red Shoes. Boehm is supposed to be terrifying, but he is only insipid. If you don't mind peering through a camera for two hours, perhaps you'll sec something of interest. And if you do, tell your neighbor what it is. Then he can look at it too. -Michael Harrah NEW DATE: September Primary? By ROBERT SELWA THE STATE may soon change the date of primary elections from August to September. The major advantage of such a change would be greater ease of voter participation. In August people go away on vacations. They can still vote by absentee ballot, but this involves a trip to city hall and a trip to the mailbox while on vaca- tion to send the ballots in. This is small price for the privilege of en- joying the fruits of a democracy, but for a lot of people it is too high. A proposal by Rep. Lucille H. McCollough (D-Dearborn), would move the primary to the second Tuesday of September (as it used to be before the Korean War). By this time families would be home from their travels. A short walk to the local polling place would be easier than the procedures of ab- sentee voting. More people would vote in the primary-which in many, if not most, districts deter- mines who will win in November. THOSE WHO favor the August primary could argue, however, that the concerned voter would take the trouble of absentee bal- loting, that those who are most interested tend to be best in- formed, and that the September primary would take the election down to the lowest common de- nominator. The major disadvantage of the September primary would be a les- sened opportunity for voter educa- tion. It is hard for the candidate to meet manyvoters and to discuss the issues and his stands with many as it is now. The September media to be informative about all levels of the campaign. * * * THE September primary would reduce the potential for mud- slinging. If a campaign is too long, a candidate can get tired of argu- ing the issues and might resort to slander or sensationalism. In this respect a two-month general campaign would lessen the dan- gers inherent in a three-month affair. A two-month general campaign would be easier on the candidates from a physical as well as a moral standpoint. Although a candidate ougth to be able to pace himself, and should be healthy to qualify for public office, a ,campaign ex- hausts the most vigorous of men, some having died while campaign- ing. Furthermore, according to Dem- ocratic National Committeeman Neil Staebler,nvolunteer political organizations don't get moving un- til after Labor Day in September anyway. A September primary might be more timely in this way., REP. McCollough reports that the major opposition she has en- countered consists of election clerks who say they would not have time to prepare ballots for the general election. But the vot- ers, not the election clerks, should come first, even if greater effort and speed is required in prepara- tion of ballots. Thus, while there are advan- tages to keeping the August pri- mary, there are more advantages to holding it in September. Rep. McCollough reports that she has bipartisan support, and no politi- cai onosition so far. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Universal Franchise To the Editor: MR. GAKHAR in his recent let- ter talks about the legality of the presence of Pakistani troops in Kashmir. It seems that it never occurred to him how legal was the takeover of Junagarh, Hyderabad, and more recently, of Goa by the Indian troops. True, elections were held in Kashmir as a part of India, but how free the elections were and how interested the people of that land were, is reflected by the fact that out of 64 constituencies, there was contest in only 17. In any way, Mr. Gakhar does not seem to realize the difference between elec- tion and a referendum. I cannot see in what context elections in Pakistan comes in. However, for information, the gov- States of America and Switzerland, among other nations, cannot be regarded as democratic countries! What an election on the basis of direct universal adult franchise can be in a country where 80 per cent of the population cannot read or write, was demonstrated by a news item reported in the Man- chester Guardian sometime in 1952-53. One rajah got a legisla- tor elected from his domain through his influence on his sub- jects, and to make sure of the loyalty of the legislator he select- ed a completely illiterate man who could speak only the local dialect. Of course, he provided him with a secretary to do the official busi- ness and to show where to put the thumb impression when neces- sary. In New Delhi, the secretary