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Seventy-Third Year
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ditorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
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INDIAN MILITARY BUILD-UP:
Putting Another Bullet
In the Mahatma's Breast
DAY, DECEMBER 12, 1962
NIGHT EDITOR: ELLEN SILVERMAN
Council Faces Opportunity
For Mature Progress
OR TOO MANY YEARS, Student Govern-,
ment Cduncil ,has avoided the real issues
Ding the University. The Council has been
ntent to diddle around with the activities,
undergraduate social organizations largely
cause its ex-officios are qualified only to
rk: in this area and because its elected'
embers are acutely ignorant of everything.
The Council's plan and the guidance of, top.
fice of Student Affairs personnel perpetuates
e narrow range of interest.
On occasion, the Council has gone beyond
.s narrow circle to take stands supporting'
idemnations of violations of academic free-
mn on other ,campuses, although this has
en done reluctantly and with no thought of
ncurrent action to beef 'up the expression
opinion.
HE COUNCIL's Committee on the Univer-
sity, however, has, done a lot of thinking
d a lot of research about one of the basic
sues SGC has long ignored: the role of'
dents in the power structure of the Unix
rsity..
The result of the committee's labors is a two
ge single spaced motion to be presented
SGC tonight. The motion declares SGCis
lef in'a student-faculty government to par-
ipate in the formulation of University policy.
The specific immediate aims of the motion
modest. The committee rightly contends
at the Council structure is not the place
look for the suggestion of the form such
overnment should take; this direction should
erge from a University-wide group. The-r
tion simply requests the University Senate
add two student members to eight of the
rate's committees. .
HE LONG" RANGE aim of the resolution is=
an ambitious one and one that the present
,ncil is likely to reject-or refer back to
nmittee in a delicate axeing maneuver. What
sought in the -motion is a University where
idents and faculty working together through
single governmental body establish and
dify educational policy and climate.
What SGC has to decide tonight is what it
ans by a university and what the ideal
e of the student is to be. From the. dis-
son will emerge the Council's concept of
w responsible. in abstract the student can
and what weight his opinion should carry.
the final determination of actions.
Rather than drift from issue to issue as the'
uncil has done in the past, the discussion at
s evening's rmeeting would lead to' SGC's
'mulating goals ,toward which it can'"move
a rational and deliberate manner.
IE ARGUMENTS for greater student par-
ticipation in academhic policy formation have
en heard over and over again. So have the
es for increased faculty participation. They
ve not lost verity or appeal; only the en-
isiasm of the advocates has fluctuated.
Basically, the rationalization looks like this:
ose most concerned with and affected by the
icational process-the people we arbitrarily
signate as students and faculty-are the
st capable and have the legitimate claim
for determining the nature of the process and
the allocation of material and human resources
to its varied aspects.
SGC's rejection of student-faculty govern-
ment, however, would not be difficult to
explain, especially if one considers the essen-
tially anti-intellectual strains of the students
involved in an organization whose essential'
,work in the past has been outside the curricu-
lum if not opposed to it.
The instinct is to distrust the iconoclasm of
the professor even if he is one of the few who
doesn't have a sour word for "student activi-
ties." The instinct is to rally to the defense
of the administrator, whose position is en-
dangered by thoughts of students 'and pro-
fessors actually running his institution, since
the administrator is, after all, the one figure
in the campus community ready to raise the
glad hand toward student leaders and drop
the syrupy phrase extolling their virtues.
The educational administrator, not the pro-
fessor, provides the model for the occupational
aims' of today's student governors: .he serves
essentially the same functions and has the
same type social and financial obligations and
rewards that the student leader of today fancies
he wants for himself in a decade or two.
WHAT MAY in the end defeat proposals, for'
community government is not student
reluctance or administrative fears but intel-
lectual snobbery on the part of the faculty.
There are many professors who do not see
their students as being engaged in the same,
grappling after knowledge that concerns them,
and who look upon the undergraduate,' at
least, as so far inferior as to be unworthy of
a vote equal to that of a middle-aged published
academician.
This is an unfair accusation to make' of
the faculty as a whole, since the advocates
of a larger say for students in the operations
of the University has found their greatest,
non-student support on the teaching staff.
There exists at present no mechanism for
creating a student-faculty government which
would be ready to go into operation within
60 days. No individual or committee of SGC
should dttempt to offer a model at this stage
of the game. Faculty endorsement of the idea
must come first. Then the administration can
act to create an all University study group
to come up with the means of creating the
proper organization.
STU DENT GOVERNMENT Council must face
the issue first, however, by framing a judg-
ment of what being a student fought to(mean
'and what theory of higher 'education should
guide Council deliberations. For some SGC
members, such a' discussion. will be a first
venture and, for once, debate may provoke a.
member to do some actual thinking at the
table.
Perhaps the Council, now that it has rid
itself of an obligation to ape Congressional
logrollers, can demonstrate the interest and
ability to handle mature questions.
-MICHAEL OLINICK
Editor
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1
THE SPACE RACE:
UN Should Regulate Progress
By PHILIP SHERMAN
Daily Guest Writer
MADRAS - India is currently
beating her plowshares into
swords, and the implications are
not at all inviting.
It comes down to the matter
of the cost of war. Significantly,
it's also a matter in which the
United States can intervene effec-
tively.
Writing in the now-famous
arms control issue of "Daedalus,"
Prof. Kenneth Boulding of the
economics department and con-
flict resolution center put the mat-
ter succienctly: 'In really poor
countries like India, Pakistan and
China, arms expenditure literally
snatches life from the starving...
Indeed, economic development is
such a tender plant in its early
stages that a heavy arms budget
may condemn a poor country to
stagnation."
This was before the present
crisis.
IN THESE TERMS, here's one
example of what shouldn't be hap-
pening. India is setting up pro-
duction of Soviet Mig-21 inter-
ceptors.-It's been decided to locate
the factory in the eastern state of
'Orissa.
Fact is, in two years when the
first Indian-made MIG's take off,
they'll be obsolete. But they're still
going to cost a great deal.
Why the expense?
* * *
INDIA, planners argue, must
build up an aircraft industry cap-
able of producing the modern
planes needed to defend herself.
The present crisis only reinforces
the need. She has to start some-
where, and, even if the MIG's are
already out of date, still the plan-
ned production will be an in-
dustry-building step forward.
But does India need an air-
craft industry at all?
The United States currently
spends about double India's Gross
National Product on defense and
can afford an aircraft industry
and the huge economic waste of
a process of necessary but con-
tinuing obsolescence. To keep up
on her own' with the world's
Mao's, India must produce some-
thing like the same effort. But
with limited resources, this ioes
mean snatching life from the
starving.'
STiLL, India needs a modern
armed force. The only alternative
is to depend on imports, a definite
risk because of the arms' export-
ing nations' ability to control In-
dian policy by turning off the
'arms spigot.
Yet India maintains she will be-.
have herself internationally. She'll
only defend herself against ) at-
tack.If so, she can take the risk
of dependence, for there will never
be any major reason for the arms
exporters to halt shipments.
The present attitude of the
Western powers, if continued,
means that there is even less
overt risk than this. The Western
powers aren't even trying to use
the present arms shipments t
affect India policy on relatively
peripheral, matters.
Coupled with a willingness to
help with financing, this Western
(and Soviet) policy will spare In-
dia the expense of an arms in-
dustry which is economically
(though not necessarily psycho-
logically) unnecessary..
* * *
ALL THIS is a specific instance
of a general case. India is begin-
ning to divert more and more re-
sources to defense. Elimination of
waste will provide some of what's
needed, but the rest is going to
come out of the guts of the Five
Year Plan. Of course, social wel-
fare expenditures and even agri-
cultural outlays aren't absolutely
critical in the war effort. But the
idea of the plan, is broad social
and productive advance, and every
diversion compromises this aim.
This is why massive Western
financial aid is called for,-to en-
able India to rdefend herself and
still go forward with the :plan on
a peace-time basis, the basis on
which it was designed and the
basis on which it should be most
successful.
The alternative: maybe winning
some mountain battles and losing
the development war at home. In-
dia's expanding, exploding millions
simply can't be left waiting fQr-
ever, condemned to "stagnation."
Massive aid can also help In-
dia to succeed in the war without
becoming, psychologically, a "gar-
rison state."
* * *
ALREADY it's planned to give
special military training to most
all college students, and rumor has
it Madras University will shut
down a month early to let te
students out on to thle parade
grounds. Girls, who are more be-
coming In sarees than khaki, are
also being encouraged to join the
ROTC-like National Cadet Corps.
(About the last thing Indian stur
dents need is another diverion
from supposed classroom. Inter-
ests.)
The military attitude is spread-
ing everywhere. At the highest
levels, it has torpedoed most civil
rights guarantees, inevitable
(though often necessary) first
casualties in any active conflict.
Everything from airplane flights
to scholars' conferences is' being
called off "because of the national
emergency."
A more ominous sign is public
'expression of such views as the
necessity to reassert the Brit sh
Raj's influence In Tibet in order
to protect the northern border.
Although India has fgrmally ac-
knowledged China's y rights in
Lhasa, the Corigress Party's so-
called right wing has never been
particularly happy about this, and
such an eminence as former
Union President Rajendra Prasad
has publically supported revision.
* * *
IT SEEMS - eminently reason-
able to assume this would lead to
really big war, but even more
important, this is the same spirit
which underlaid the growth of the
Queen Emperess' domains:' move
into a bit more territory just to
make sure what you've already got
is safe.
Foreign aid can mean a speedier
Indian triumph, a triumph per-
haps that can be achieved without
the need for such a military mo-
bilization of India's masses, with
all the hate and intolerance and
dehumanizing efficiency that this
involves.
There are already too many
military-oriented states in the
world, and no matter why this
is so, it is patently obvious the
world doesn't need any more.
The West is already building
arms-why not let it do the job
without drawing India into the
same whirlpool.
'Or so at least runs a "soft-
'minded" argument.
Let's not put another bullet i
the Mahatma's breast.
ALEXIS DE TOCQUFVILLE pre-
dicted over a century ago the
characteristics of the welfare
state which might. arise in Amen-
ca: "The will of man is not
shattered but softened, bent and
guided; men are seldom forced by
it to act, but they are constantly
restrained from acting. Such pow-
er does not destroy, but it prevents
from existence; it does not tyran-
nize, but it compresses, enervates,
.extinguishes and stupifies a
people, till each nation is re-
duced,to' nothing better ,than' a
flock of timid' and industrious
animals, of 'which the government
is the shepherd.'
-Human vents
HUAC Investigation a Waste.
r$
[HE HOUSE Committee on Un-American
Activities appears to have done it again; it
as subpeonaed members of Women Strike,
or Peace in. order ,to investigate the alleged
ifiltration of Communists in peace groups.
'he Women Strike for Peace is only the first
f any undisclosed number of people who will
estify.
What makes the HUAd action ridiculous is
he fact that Women Strike for Peace is really
ot even an organization. According to both
ae national headquarters and local groups
1 Ann Arbor, Washington and Detroit, the
roup is composed of women who areinterested
n the peace movement;. no resolutions are
oted on, there are no officers and one mem-
er's decision need not bind the whole group
r vice versa. -
The women involved in the peace group have
ointed out that since there is no formal
rganization it would be extremely difficult,
f not impossible, for any Comiuunist to take
ver and subvert the group's intentions.
JOW CAN HUAC deal with subversion with-
in a group when the membership of the
roup changes according to the project under-
aken? How can HUAC trace infiltration when
he group has little if any £formal structure
nd no officers from who direction is given?
How indeed? These questions have not yet
een answered by HUAC- members and the
earings are still going along as planned.
vidently the committee feels that it can dis-
over something from questioning women who
re involved in the peace movement. But
-i-tly what it can find out is questionable.
Members of the Ann Arbor group have
-Iunteered to go to Washington .to testify
f. ,. TST~f esinn n ~ .. ...ri r ara n%.
among those women subpeonaed. They hope
to convince the committee that in reality there
is nothing to investigate.'
But the real question is not only what HUAC
can find out from one group. The issue with
HUAC, as it has been in the past and con-
tinues to be, is the purpose for which these
hearings are being held.'
[F IN REALITY Women Strike for Peace is
dominated in any way by Communists then
it would fall under present provisions of the
Mccarran "Internal Security Act of "1950. This
act makes Communist-front groups'liable for
prosecution.
If, however, the group is not dominated,
infiltrated or subverted by Communists then
there is still no reason to investigate because'
the group, whose main activity is picketing,
secures its rights from the First Amendment.
Any other justification for the hearings
would put HUAC outside the provisions made
for Congressional committees which are charg-.
ed with holding hdarings pertinent only to
possible or pending legislation.
THE OBVIOUS fact that these particular
hearings are not needed and are therefore
nothing more than a waste of taxpayers' time
and money.
HUAC ought to wake up to the fact that
there are many other issues in Congress which'
would better occupy its members' time. If
the members have a desire to investigate, all
of hem are on other committees which need
time to delve into other problems facing
Congress such as medical care, defense spend-
ing, the tax issue and the list could go on
ad infinitum.
By DANIEL SHAFER
AS IF fighting battle after battle
on the face of the earth were
not enough to occupy the in-
ternational powers, a new battle-
field has developed-outer space..
Not that any country has yet
indicated firmly that it intends
to use outer space formilitary
purposes, but- that there is a
battle, for supremacy in outer
space, much he same as there is
a battle for supremacy on earth.
This is an interesting battle, in-
deed. For it is being fought not
only to determine who will get
there first and who will end up
with the most power, quantatively
speaking, "out there," but it is'
also being fought on the matter
of who will control, regulate, re-
strict,ufinance, and enforce the
peaceful use of outer space.
IT IS RATHER apparent that
neither the Soviet Union nor the
United States intends, in the fore-
seeable future, to use outer space
for military means. Both Premier
Khrushcheviand President Ken-
nedy have indicated they intend
outer space to be reserved for
strictly peaceful purposes, and I
think they are sincere in these
statements.
The interesting feature is that
such a battle for control should.
have to be fought at all. The
United States and the Soviet Un-
ion have both repeatedly affirm-
*ed their faith in the United Na-
tions as a peacemaking organiza-
tion, and the United Nations has
indicated its willingness to takes
over -the problem of the handling
of outer space "legislation."
United Nations Secretary-Gen-
eral U Thant has made it very
clear that he feels that the realm
of space is not a national thing or
a problem which should resolve to
a battle of ideologies, but rather,
"the common property of all coun-
tries." By making this statement,
Thant also implied that he felt
that all nations should be in-
cluded in the problems of hand-
ling the, intricacies presented by
the new frontiers of outer space.
Several times since the Sputnik
feat of 1957, the United Nations
has passed resolutions on the is-
sue of the use, development, and
legislative handling of outer space
regions; it has a special commit-
tee to study just that problem.
Considering the faith expressed
by the world powers in the United,
Nations and considering also the
UN's apparent willingness to
tackle this vast problem, and,
considering the prevalent philoso-
phy that outer space doesn't be-
long to one nation but rather to
all nations as a community and
as individuals, why haven't the'
powers that have space prograns
been able to agree that the UN is
the place to deal with the apparent
problems of outer space?
* * *
THE ONLY REASON these na-
tions have, unless they have petty
On USNSA
disagreements as to how to go
about transferring, or,, more cor-
rectly, giving jurisdiction. to the
United Nations in the realm of
outer space is that they feel that
the UN would be incapable' of
handling these problems.
In order to analyze critically
the question of whether or not
the United Nations is really cap-
able of handling the problems and
challenges of outer space, we must
first have at least a basic con-
cept of what the primary and
pressing problems are in this area.
There are at least three major
problems to be considered when
dealing with the "international-
ness" of space.
First, the question of regulat-
ing or controlling the use of outer
space to insure that it is being
used 'for strictly peaceful pur-
poses and- not being misused to
a particular nation's military in-
terest.
Second, the question of inter-
national use of such vehicles as'
communications satellites, scien-
tific probes, and other such space'
projects which could 'benefit the
entire world rather than just the
countries who happened to be
responsible for their instigation.
Third, the question of legislat-
ing traffic controls and other such
regulations which will be neces-
sitated by the large amounts and
large volumes of traffic in the im-
mediate vicinity of our planet if
the Soviet Union and the United
States carry through with their
current plans for the development
and exploration of'space.
LET US NOW consider each of
these problems and determine
whether or not the UN is presently
in a position which would make it
able to handle or deal with these
problems effectively.
The first problem is of major
importance. The situation in outer
space with regard to its military
misuse is very similar to the cur-
reht disarmament question, ex-
cept that here we have a chance
to stop armament rather than to
try to end an already extant situa-
tion.
In this field, it is pure specula-
tion, as to whether the United
Nations is really in a good posi-
tion to handle the problem. On
one hand, one could argue that the
United Nations can't even make
the major powers agree to an
armament treaty on the ground,
where the chances of observation
and enforcement are much great-
er than they would be in space.
But on the other hand one could
also argue that the United Nations
has never been given a real chance
to stop armament before it has
begun, ,but only faced the prob-
lems of taking armaments away
from large-scale powers. It is quite
probable that the UN, if given a
chance, would be able to effect
satisfactory agreements between
the Soviet Union and the United
States which would insure that
outer space would not be the
launching pad for the next world
military conflict.
'- * *
PROBABLY the United Nations
would be able to handle this
poses) to ensure that outer space
is not used for military or aggres-
sive purposes.
The implementation of this ob-
servation and regulation, granted,
would be another problem, but it
is a problem of very minor scope
when compared with the actual
problem of determining whether or
not the United Nations could, in-
deed, effect any sort of working
agreement between the two space
powers.
* * *
THE SECOND question, that of
the international use of such ve-
hicles as would be beneficial to
all, would be a simple ,matter for
the United Nations.
Neither the Soviet Union nor,
the United States has made it
impossible for the other nations
in the world to utilize the infor-
mation' gained from such experi-
ments as Lunik and Telstar and,
to derive any benefits which could
be derived from such. projects.
There is no solidly grounded.
reasonrfor' suspecting either of
these powers of utilizing such
projects for purely, selfish and
purely national purposes, and
there is no logical reason for
suspecting that they might' do so
if the entire United Nations im-
plementedhsatisfactorily a plan
enabling these beneficial, peace-'
ful programs to be used in the
international good.
THE THID problem, dealing
with such seemingly minor issues
as vehicular regulation and traffic
control, is really quite a. stumbling
block. As we have already seen
that the two present space powers
would probably tend to favor the
United Nations taking some ac-
tion in the space question, it could
be safely inferred that the nations
would also agree to let this body,
handle the minor aspects of traf-
fic regulation.
There are obviously problems is
the UN's dealing with such mat-
ters as this third question pre-
sents. What regulations are going
to be set? Will° you limit the
number of vehicles any nation can
have in space at one time? Who
will enfoirce these regulations and
how? These are all highly com-
plex problems beyond the scope
of any one person.
However, again it is my view'
that the United Nations would be '
strong enough to face the chal-
lenge of outer space traffic' con-
trol and could, if given the chance,
effectively make outer space a
safe, sane new frontier.
BUT THESE are all very nice
sounding ideas with no practical
value unless one of these two
powers is willing to take the ini-
tiative in implementing these pro-
grams.
The United States is noted for
its initiative in international re-
lations and it should continue its'
policy in the realm of space. The
United States should offer to turn
over controls of space ,and space
traffic to a commission establish-d
by the United Nations.
In so doing, the United States
would be re-emphasizing its tra-
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR -
Equal Poltcal Justice.
To the Editor:
IT APPEARS to remain true at
the University, 'as elsewhere,
that crimne and punishment often
stand in inverse proportion. If'
one sets his sights high 'enough,
or rather low enough, then he w.il
be rewarded for an apparently
evil act' rather than punished.
Student Government Council
President Steven Stockmeyer's re-
cent double-dealing epitomizes this
seeming paradox.
If a miscreant quaddie is nabbed
while storming the Hill to re-
enact thb traditional rite of spring,
then the forces of propriety will
lean heavily upon him, labeling
him an unbecoming student
For cunning and cynical manip-
ulation, Stockmeyer was awarded
the presidency. But no administra-
tor, no judiciary, no one ha' mov-
ed to examine his conduct in
terms of its appropriateness to the
ethical values this university
claims it is ;trying to inculcate
among its students. Perhaps they
should.
AI-- %M - , !$0
Student Government Council Wed-
nesday.
The group granted temporary
recognition is the New University
Thought Discussion Club. This
group is not affiliated with the-
magazine' and does not intend to
publish it; it is published in Chi-
cago. The purpose of the group
is the stimulation of discussion,
study, and research on topics of
social, political, artistic and edu-
cational interest as raised' in tt
magazine.
-Susan Wender, President
New University Thought
Discussion Club
GoBIUB...
To the Editor:
FRIDAY EVENING'S basketball
game with Butler University
was indeed amusing. In addition
to the refereeing, which was, to
say the least, ludicrous, it was
highly diverting to watch the play-
ers on both sides slip on the -wet
court and take falls throughout
the. course of the evening's en-