PAGE TWO

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ZOROASTRIANISM:
Describes Influence
Of Philosophies

By MARTHA MacNEAL
"There is no disproof of the
assumption that the Greek philos-
.r her Heracliuus knew of the
Indo-Iranian doctrines of the
Magi, fire and truth," Prof.
Duchesne Guillemin of the Uni-
versity of Liege (Belgium) said
yesterday.
Speaking on "Zoroastrianism
and Greek Thought," Duchesne
evaluated critical supportand op-
position to his thesis, and con-
cluded that although Heraclitus
may have been influenced by
Zoroaster and other Indo-Iranian
sources, his ideas are not slavishly
co )ied from them.
Much of Duchesne's discussion
was based on etymological evi-
dence derived from Greek, Iran-
ian, Indian and Persian words,
with their interrelated philoso-
phical and theological meanings.
Heraclitus' "Logos," which is the
principle according to which all
things happen, bears certain re-
semblances to the Iranian "asha,"
truth, light, paradise and fire,
and the Indian "arta," paradise,
fire and inspiration, he said.
Source Problem
Duchesne cited the problem of
ancient secondary sources which
report the words of Heraclitus so
that it is difficult to know which
passages are literal and which are
paraphrases, possibly more inter-
pretive than factual.
Philosophers, including Clement
of Alexandria, Maximus of Tyre,
and Plutarch, cited him as con-
ceiving of fire as eternally living
and ultimately the judge of all
things. In the Zoroastrianism of
Conference
To. Evaluate
New Methods
The 16th annual Michigan Col-
lege Association Conference on
Higher Education will present the
theme of programmed learning,
with special emphasis on its im-
pact on college instruction, today
and tomorrow at the University.
At 2 p.m. today-Prof. George
S. Odiorne of the Survey Research
Center will open the first general
session. Featured speakers will be
Prof..F. Rand Morton, director of
the language laboratory, who will
discuss "What Is Programmed
Learning?" and Prof. Charles L.
Darby of Purdue University, who
will speak on "The Promises and
Pitfalls of Programmed Learning."
These talks will be given in Rack-
ham Aud.
At the I pa. dinner session in
the Michigan Union Ballroom,
Prof. James Holland of Harvard
will discuss "The Potentialities of
Programmed Learning."
At 9:30 a.m. tomorrow Prof.
Harlan Lane of the psychology
department will talk on "Current
Research in the New Learning
Theory Underlying Programmed
Instruction."
At 10:45 a.m. Prof. Finley Car-
penter of the education school will
discuss "How Might Programmed
Learning and Teaching Machines
Af fect Your Lecture Style?" Both
talks will be in the Rackham Aud.

ancient Iran fire was likewise
fundamental as an instrument,
sometimes of ordeal, sometimes of
protection and always the execu-
tor of truth and justice, called
asha.
Iranian theology divided ritual
fire into two kinds; that preserved
in temples, which was regarded
as kingly, and three fires, sym-
bolizing the social organization of
priests, warriors and farmers.
Non-ceremonial fire was divided
into five types; that which shines
before the Lord, the fire com-
posing the bodies of men and
animals, that which composed
plants, the fire that comes from
the clouds and the fire used for
work. These last five "seem to
pre-suppose a physical doctrine
of the fire," Duchesne speculated.
Classify Fires
Ancient Indian philosophy clas-
sified fires similarly in a system
including vital cosmic fires, storm
fires, the fire of earth, giving
nourishment and masculine fire
(sperm) and feminine fire (the
egg). "Heraclitus could have heard
of this c o s m i c philosophy,"
Duchesne said.
Turning his consideration to
Heraclitus, he described the -logos
according to various interpreta-
tions. The stoics conceived of the
logos as a cosmic principle ruling
the world, while the Christians
viewed it as a precursor of their
God. In describing the logos, Mar-
cus Aurelius and Clement of Alex-
andria used words synonymous for
ruler of the world, wisdom and
thunderbolt. However, Plato and
Aristotle did not treat the logos
as a director of the world.
Dual Aspect
The logos, Duchesne continued,
has two aspects, that of words
themselves, and that of reality.
The principle of the logos is that
words should be in agreement with
a reality of unified opposites, he
explained. "The logos was not
purely abstract. It was at once
both mental and substantial, but
not an active force directing the
world. It was probably the ob-
jective truth by which things
happen."
Similarly, the Iranian asha is
a principle of truth according to
which things happen, rather than
an active force. Since his laws de-
termine occurences, a prayer com-
posed of true sentences according
to the asha compels the gods to
obey.
Wh.ite To Head
National Group
Prof. Leslie A. White of the an-
thropology department was elected
president of the American An-
thropological Association at its an-
nual meeting in Chicago recently.
Prof. White was given a Uni-
versity Distinguished Faculty Ser-
vice Award in 1957, the Viking
Medal and Award in general an-
thropology in 1960, and an honor-
ary Doctor of Science degree by
the University of Buffalo earlier
this year.
At the same meeting, Prof. Eric
R. Wolf, also of the anthropology
department, was elected to the
association's executive board.

City To Buy
Huron Area
The city of Ann Arbor is com-
pleting negotiations to buy the
Huron River shoreline and four
adjacent ponds from Detroit Edi-
son for a public park.
The area contains two-thirds of
Ann Arbor's water supply sources.
Purchase of the four ponds will
protect water rights for the city
and provide dams to insure flood
protection, a place for the dis-
posal of treated sewage and pub-
lic recreation area.
But Robert Leary of the Plan-
ning Commission hopes that the
land won't become mowed green
lawns with swings. "I hope we can
use a good portion of this land
just as it is," he says.
"The days of the empty lot for
kids to play in are fast disappear-
ing, and our kids need a place
where they can make their own
amusement." So much of the land
will probably remain open-space
area.
The area, which will cost the
city $400,000, will be subsidized by
the federal government under an
act which authorizes it to finance
20 per cent of land to be used for
open-space purposes such as golf
courses, fishing, reservations or
public parks.
Two of the ponds, Argo and
Geddes, will supply needed reser-
voir space for Ann Arbor's 60,000
people. Their dams will also con-
trol the floods in the spring.
Detroit Edison had planned to
dispose of Barton Pond, one of
the most important water sources
for the city, if it continued to own
the property. If this had been
done, the water supply of the city
would have been endangered, and
other sources would have to have
been found at great expense. City
planners feel that municipal own-
ership of the water sources will
assure any possible industries
planning to come to Ann Arbor of
its reliability.
AHC Sends
USNSA Data
To Oklahoma
Assembly House Council discuss-
ed both the improvements and
problems arising on campus due
to the University's participation in
USNSA yesterday.
The information discussed is to
be sent in response to a request
from the Association of Women
Students of Oklahoma State Uni-
versity, which is considering mem-
bership in USNSA.
Direct benefits to the University
cited by AHC include Educational
Travel Incorporated, the wealth of
information available on projects
started by USNSA, the educational
function served by the Student
Government Bulletin and the
"working papers" which cover all
the topics treated at the NSA
Congress each summer.
Some of the problems mentioned
included a need for better com-
munication in regard to USNSA's
activities and a need for an active
NSA coordinator to run the ETI
service on this campus.
Co liege
Roundup
MADISON - The Illinois-Wis-
consin Region of the National
Student Association passed a mo-
tion condemning nuclear testing
by bth Russia and the United
States at its fall meeting.

NEW YORK - The Columbia
Spectator reports that fraternity
men are worried by the "unen-
thusiastic freshman response" to
fall rush. The Spectator notes
that 30 per cent of each class nor-
mally affiliate, but that less than
25 per cent of the class of '66 has
pledged.
CHICAGO - A University of
Chicago student (James Gra-
dolph) has charged his landlord
with discrimination. Gradolph
claims the landlord is trying to
evict him because he has a Negro
roommate, and has taken the case
to court.
BLOOMINGTON-The National
Aeronautics and Space Adminis-
tration has chosen Indiana Uni-
versity as the site for an experi-
mental center to find industrial
uses for the research results of
the nation's outer space program.

(Continued from Page 1)

years after enrollment in theI

school-are being granted
frequently.

less

Accelerating Programs
Also, many of the non-science
schools and departments on cam-
pus are engaged in studying means
of accelerating degree programs.
The English department, for ex-
ample, has decided to encourage
more theses of a "secondary" na-
ture, Prof. Warner G. Rice, chair-
man of the department, said yes-
terday, as one in a number of
actions.
"Much 'historical' research in
the field has already been cover-
ed," Prof. Rice said. "Subjects are

WARNER G. RICE
. . . secondary themes

GRADUATE STUDY:
U' Quickens Pace of Degree Programs

not as easy to find as they were
in 1930; authors even of second
and third rank have been studied
and studied again."
Various Interpretations
"On the other hand, since the
output of literary scholarship has
increased, one possibility is that
the discipline of the doctoral de-
gree should in some cases be based
upon scholarship and various in-
terpretations of literary work," he
continued.
Thus, the student may usefully
write on the "current state of
scholarly opinion" concerning
some literary work and the issues
which have been raised concern-
ing it, instead of exploring an
entirely new aspect of literature.
"'1984' will certainly be read
differently in 2000 than it was
in 1948," Prof. Rice said. The stu-
dent would analyze how the at-
titudes toward a major literary
work have changed and the prob-
lems presented by the differing
opinions, and would suggest what
still needs to be done in terms of
literary criticism.
Mature Judgment
A "secondary" thesis demands
mature judgment and evaluation
on the part of the student. It can
often be begun without a long
preliminary survey of a field of
study to discover what opportuni-
ties remain for original discovery,
Prof. Rice noted.
Students will not be restricted
to the "secondary" kind of thesis,
he emphasized. "It is highly pos-
sible that a student beginning this
kind of thesis would be led by it
to problems that could be treated
with great originality.
"We don't know how much time
will be saved by our endeavor to
help students to proceed more
rapidly with their theses, but we
are working in this direction,"
Prof. Rice said.

I

Other expedients which have
been introduced by the Englisn
department in the hope that the
time required to achieve the doc-;
torate (an average of 8.6 years at
the University) can be made sub-
stantially less than the nation.l
average of 9.6 years of graduate
study:,
1) Revising the reading list forr
the preliminary examinations in
order to make it more "manage-
able."
2) Allowing advanced courses
and seminars to be elected earlier
in the doctoral student's career.
3) Setting up certain deadlines
for candidates. Students are now
required to take their preliminary+
examinations after one full year
of graduate study (the maximumi
allowed teaching fellows andI
other part-time students is two
years.)
A similar series of deadlines has
been in effect for three years,
with good results, in the phychol-
ogy department, often cited by
University administrators as hav-
ing one of the best-run doctoral
programs on campus.
The department's advanced pro-
grams differ from most in that
the student is given a personal
relationship with staff members
early in his graduate career, Prof.
William L. Hays, chairman of the
department's graduate s t u d i e s
committee, said recently.
"At each stage, the student
knows there is a hurdle he has to
overcome, and there is a person
responsible to see that he gets
over the hurdle."
Become Ready
Before beginning his second
year, the psychology graduate
student is expected to have be-
come ready for specialized study.
By that time, he has completed
a full program of basic concept
courses and a research project.
After the second year, during
which he has chosen a certain
area of psychology, the student
is expected to make preliminary
plans for his thesis. A three-man
committee takes over direct re-
sponsibility for all he does, in-
cluding the preliminary examina-
tions. This committee then usually
becomes the nucleus of the 4tu-
dent's thesis committee, Prof.
Hays explained.
Teaching fellows are treated no
differently than other graduate
students. Prof. Hays feels that the
enthusiasm and knowledge gen-
erated by teaching in the field
actually serve to "spur them
along" in their programs.
McClusky Ends
Church 'Term
Prof. Howard Y. McClusky Qf
the education school will step
down on Jan. 1 from the presi-
dency of the Michigan Council of
Churches.
A meeting of the council at Flint
yesterday also saw the election of
four other new officers. Wendall
C. Bassett of Grand Rapids will
succeed Prof. McClusky.
Patnaik To Talk
At Math Seminar
Surendranath Patnaik will speak
at a seminar on relativity and
differential geometry on "Ein-
stein-Maxwell Fields" at 2:00 p.m.
today in Rr. 218 West Engineer-
Ing.

The department's system of in-
centives or "hurdles" is bad from
one point of view, Prof. Hays said,
as it requires much more faculty
time and effort than might other-
wise be the case.
However, he believes this is com-
pensated for by the results. Stu-
dents now attain their psychology
doctorates in four or five years.
McFadden To Talk
On Discrimination
Carroll McFadden will speak at
a Voice Party meeting on "Dis-
crimination in, The Ann Arbor
School System" at 7:00 tonight
in Room 3K of the Michigan
Union. McFadden is a custodian
at Ann Arbor High School and
president of the PTA at Jones
School.

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MEMO TO
COEDS AND SOUTH QUADDIES:
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MOREL O18 N .
(T h e B i g e st D a n c e o n C a m u s )lo
Saturday' Dec. 15 9-1 A.M.
untilw
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CHICAGO LITTLE SYMPHONY.
Thor Johnson,
Conductor
Program of music for snar orchestra:
Symphony No. 83 in G minor (The" Hen) Haydn
The White Peacock, from "Roman
Sketches," Op. 7, No. 1.. Griffes
Concerto in B-flat major for Harp and Orchestra ... .. Handel
Fantasy, Chorale and Fugue ... .... Wallace Berry
Concerto in C major for Oboe and Orchestra..........,..Eichner
* > Odoru Katachi for Percussion and Orchestra ...... Huewell Tircuit
Divertimento in D major, Op. 67 ... ... . Paul Groener
Sun., Dc.9,230
Rackham Auditorium
. Tickets: $2.50 and $2.00
AT UNIVERSITY MUSICAL SOCIETY--BURTON MEMORIAL TOWER

Announcing the SECOND ANNUAL Union-League

Dial Due to Program
8-6416 'A V Length, One Show
M aToday and Wed.
The First 3-Act Motion Picture Ever Presented!.
JOSEPH E.
LEVINE
Producedby
CARLO PONTI
An Embassyfntemational Pictures Release in EASTMAN COLOR
STARTING THURSDAY
"VI RIDIANA"

SKI

E.EKE

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Program Notes

(The Week-End for Able-Bodied,

Open-Minded Students)

An old and valuable cello will
be used by Prof. Oliver Edel of
the music school at a concert
with Barbara Holmquest, pianist,'
at 8:30 tonight in Rackham Lec-
ture Hall. The instrument is one
of the four rare cellos given to
the University by the late William
R. Woodworth of Detroit.

Science

Group

Quartet Concert .. .
Music by Mozart, Brahms and
Ross Lee Finney will be featured
at a public concert by the Stanley
Quartet at 8:30 tomorrow in
Rackham Lecture Hall.
Dearborn Program .. .
The University Baroque Trio,
assisted by Clyde Thompson,
double bass, will present a con-
cert at the Dearborn Center at
8:15 p.m. tomorrow.
Shakespeare ...
Wayne State University Theatre
will continue the tradition of an
annual Shakespeare drama on the
Wayne stage with performances
of "Measure for Measure" begin-
ning Nov. 30. Tickets are avail-
able at the Wayne ticket office.

Room for 75 and 75

To Relocate

Forget Those Finals On This
Fun-Filled Excursion-Jan. 27-29

(That's Male and Female)

DIAL 2-6264
diId-dNOW!

A Package Deal With SNOW VALLEY SKI CLUB.
Price To Be Announced.
For Best Information, Ask Last Year's Participants.
Sign-Up Just Before or After Christmas Vacation.
DON'T MISS IT!

FEATURE STARTS
at 1:00-3:00-5:05
7:10 and 9:25

The Personal story behind that survey ... from
the controversial best-selling novel.
ADARRY[EZANUCK
PRODUCTION

New headquarters for the Amer-
ican Society of Microbiology will
be located in Ann Arbor.
The society's national headquar-
ters, relocated from Grosse Pointe
Woods, will house the council
policy meetings. The society of
7000 members publishes five jour-
nals and books to promote scien-
tific knowledge of microbiology.

...........

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DIAL 5-6290

e WTOMORROW!
The World Premiere of o'brien & fames' New Musical Fantasy

( 4 Shows Daily at
1:00-3:35-6:15-9:05
FUN ! THRILLS ! EXCITEMENT !
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:.Im

BARTHOLOMEW

FAIR

Wednesday, Nov. 28 ... 8:30 P.M... .Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre


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