Seventy-Third Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
"Where Opinions Are Free STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG., ANN ARBOR, MICH., PHONE NO 2-3241
Truth Will Prevail"
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1962 NIGHT EDITOR: PHILIP SUTIN

Reconnaissance Photo

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
WC1JN Has No Policy
Editorial Policy,

4

After the Referendum:'
Where We Go from Here

THEIR ECSTATIC and wellknown hour of pus has endorsed USNSA precisely as it exists
jubilation over, it is time now for the friends now. The prevailing idea and probably the
and proponents of the United States National deciding factor was not that USNSA is an
Student Association to thank the campus for unmitigated blessing, but that it is possible
a mature vote of confidence by demonstrating to reform the organization in several im-
that USNSA was indeed worth the support portant ways.
it received in Wednesday's referendum. It is not coincidental, but very significant
What motivated the various campus fac- that for the first time in many years, it was
tions to support USNSA will probably never the conservative and not the liberal spokesmen
be fully known. It is undoubtedly true, as who established the points of contention and
Robert Ross pointed out, that some, people formulated the issues.
were influenced by the many well-informed It was the proponents of USNSA who were
and articulate speakers who addressed organ- left with the burden of proof. They demon-
izations and housing units and debated ef strated admirably-and to the satisfaction of
fectively against USNSA's opponents. a greater percentage of the campus than they
It is also true that some students who might had dared hope would assert-the real values
have been convinced to vote against the or- of the association, but neverthless the final
ganization changed their minds when they appeal in the last few days of the campaign
became disgusted with unfair pressure exerted rested firmly on the point that it was possible
on them by members of "Better Off Out" to to reform the organization from within than
vote no. any other single issue.
The unusually large turnout of foreign stu-
dents and graduates helped the USNSA effort A, CAMPAIGN won even partially on such a
enormously, as did the votes of many students premise deserves the most thoughtful and
who, not totally convinced by either side, chose extensive of followups. Every faction which
to give the organization the benefit of the took a stand on the controversy now has an
doubt. important role to play.
Student Government Council members must
TWO POINTS are to be made about a "yes" stop filing USNSA releases. It must begin dis-
vote emerging from this complexity of mo- cussing them at meetings and acting on some
tivation. The first is that students are loath of the services and projects the association
to withdraw from an organization which offers offers the campus.
representatives from all across the country a The proposals for reform must come both
change to m eet, discuss issues and debate from the BOO members who first cited a need
ideals. for improvement and from the friends of
University students have assented to the USNSA who argued that reform can easily be
fact that there is indeed such a thing as a achieved.
national. community of students. Regardless of What the two groups have in mind is ob-
whether the nature of this community is what viously not the same type of reform. But with
the liberals claim it to be, the student body the pressures of an imminent election eased,
of this campus acknowledges itself a part there ought to be time and opportunity now
of it. for as much probing, discussion and investiga-
The campus has said that regardless of the tion as is necessary and all University students
flaws which currently exist in USNSA, the or- must be invited and encouraged to take full
ganization has a value too great to be ignored part in this consideration.
and that it is better to work democratically
for reform from within than to lobby and THE VICTORY was a victory for the idea of
politic for it from without. USNSA. It is not to be misconstrued as
either a personal victory for Voice or a personal
T HIS MEANS also and most importantly that defeat for the members of BOO. The narrow-
the University recognizes the great danger ness of the margin makes it obvious that the
inherent in negativism and isolationism and pro-USNSA faction cannot afford to rest on a
has agreed with the friends of USNSA that the good campaign. The- overwhelming victory for
time is long past when any forum for meeting Steven Stockmeyer shows that the decision to
and discussion may be ignored simply because remain in USNSA was not a personal rejection
several or even a majority of the participants by the campus of the more conservative
feel that it is not accomplishing its task as ideology.
well as it might. Both groups therefore have a mandate to
In an important miniature, this is a vote of begin a long and intensive dialogue of the
assent for the United Nations and for the nature of the National Student Association.
progress of human civilization because it is It is time for both sides to forget the bitter-
a vote against retreat. ness of this most unfortunate of campaign
j and give the campus the type of progress it
THE SECOND point is that a 184 vote ma-voted for an Wednesday.
jority for preserving University member- -JUDITH OPPENHEIM
ship in USNSA does not mean that the cam- Editorial Director
Speaker Ban and Ideals

roREL, ERE ,
INSPWM

1 \

*Si

To the Editor:
RE: WCBN'S association with
candidate endorsements and
the USNSA referendum, I would
like to state a few facts for the
benefit of Daily readers, the
WCBN staff, and our advertisers.
Bob Prfice and Harry Doerr
engage in a nightly expression of
their viewpoints on "Headlines
and Bylines." During the past two
weeks they interviewed candidates
on their show, discussed the
United States National Student
Association, and formulated their
opinions on the individual can-
didates and the referendum issue.
Each night a disclaimer is read,
which states, "The opinions ex-
pressed on 'Headlines and By-
lines' are those of the commen-
tators and not necessarily those
of WCBN, its advertisers, or of
organizations to which the com-
mentators belong."
NEVERTHELESS, during the
course of the campaign certain
ads were run in The Daily stating
that specific candidates were sup-
ported by WCBN, and an article
on the front page listed 'VCBN
as one of the organizations advo-
cating withdrawal from USNSA.
I feel that the damage has been
done; WCBN has been wrongly as-
sociated with opinions which were
not in any respect representative
of the opinions of the station
staff, and now the election is over.
I hope that the editors (and the
readers) take note and remem-
ber the following: WCBN's one
and only editorial policy is that
WCBN has no official editorial
policy.
-Harvey Kabaker, '64
General Manager
Accuracy...
To the Editor:
THE ACCURACY of Michael
Harrah's whole editorial on
Mr. Nixon was reflected in his
one reference to ABC as the
American Broadcasting System.
-David Patt, '64E
-Phillip Kaufman, '64E
Distortion ...
To the Editor:
AS A DEVOTEE of Mrs. Eleanor
Roosevelt, I can only express
my most sincere disapproval of
the editorial written by Michael
Harrah. It is a tear-jerking, false
presentation and more dishonors
Mrs. Roosevelt than honors her.
His opening paragraph, would
appear to set the pace for his
article, in which he takes each
well-known fact of her life and
enmeshes it in a sticky-sweet
coating.
The references to her early
childhood insecurities and the fact

that she was "packed off" to pri-
vate schools; the insinuation that
she regarded marriage as a form
of psychological therapy are 'to-
tally unnecessary.
In the past, The Daily has re-
printed editorials from the New
York Times-I fail to comprehend
why you could not have done this
in this case, and instead permitted
a pompous and arrogant-and de-
cidely anti-Rooseveltian-boy to
write her obituary.
Eleanor Roosevelt is dead-why
not let her rest in peace?
-Patricia Morris, '66
Punishment . .
To the Editor:
I THINK it is only fair for me
to ask, not only as a resident
of South Quadrangle, but also as
a concerned member of this uni-
versity community, how far cam-
pus organizations will be allowed
to infringe upon rights granted
us by this University.
This question has been raised
before in reference to honorary
tapping proceedings; however, the
latest incident of this type of
obtrusion, having occurred on the
eve of the Student Government
Council elections, is of a much
more critical nature.
Perhaps your story in Wednes-
day's edition concerning the dis-
tribution of campaign literature
within the quadrangles was a little
nearsighted; for, not only is this
action a violation of South Quad-
rangle regulations (S Q Standing
Legislation and S Q Policy), but
is also a breach of University
regulations as set forth in the
"Handbook for Student Organiza-
tions," section 4, part 2.
* * *
FURTHERMORE, resident of
the quadrangles, in particular are
supposedly secure from such soli-
citation according to the terms
of room contracts. Such an overt
and flagrant disregard for the
rules of student conduct cannot
easily be passed off as an innocu-
ous means of achieving a political
end.
Granted, a well-informed stu-
dent body is a desireable end, but
it should not be attained through
extra-legal methods. It is my con-
sidered opinion that the respon-
sible organizations should be se-
verely dealt with through the
available judicial . channels, and
that we re-evaluate our opinions
of those members of political
hierarchy who have betrayed our
trust. Passive resistance will not
in itself obliterate the existence
of this act as a precedent. Punitive
measures should be effected now
in order that such violations oc-
cur no more, and that good faith
may be restored.
-John A. Jarp, '65'

~I

n% OlcWmk.


V r

war, te6s.

I

I

PROBLEMS OF INDIA:
Resist Agricultural Progress

(EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the
third of a five apart analysis of In-
dia's problems.)
By PHILIP D. SHERMAN
MADRAS-The border crisis will
pale to insignificance in com-
parison to what might happen if
India's agriculture doesn't do bet-
ter in the immediate future than
it did last year.
India's farmers are supposed to
be producing about 100 million
tons of foodgrains by 1965-66, a 20-
25 million ton increase over to-
day. This would take care of pop-
ulation increases and improve the
present meagre Indian diet - a
daily pound of foodgrains per per-
son.
* *.*
TO ACHIEVE this objective, In-
dia's planners have sanguincly
projected a whopning six per cent
annual agricultural growth rate
until the target is met. This is
double the last decede's average.
Last year (1961-62). agricultur-
al output actually went up a bare
1.6 per cent.
Between plan and reality fell
shadows called hunger and stag-
nation, if not now, tIl en in a few
years unless the situation im-
proves.
T'he need for icreased produc-
tion, leading to national agricul-
tural self-sufficiency and surplus,
is as obvious vs it is imperative.
People have to eat, and the stark
fact is that there will be 25 mil-
lion more mouths to fiAl in 1965-66
at present rates of population
growth. In addition, the abomid-
ably low level of nutrition must be
raisEQ.
* * *
BEYOND even this, agricultural
well-being is an absolutely nec-
essary base for genel al economic
expansion. Not only can the coun-
tryside provide mach of the de-
mand to stimulate manufactures.
The huge agricultural sector must
also provide a good deal of the
internal savings ffor planned agri-
cultiral and indus ±ani investment.
Agricultural problems boosted
food imports during the Second
Plan, and the foreign exchange
probkrms eventually led to serious
cutbacks in planned development,
inidicating the need3 for domestic
solf-fufficiencv, tMany experts
roint out, further, that in the crisis
lcomng on the Horizon. imports

simplyi won't be able to bridge the
gr p between inwernal supply and
need.)
1 ough many argue it is no.
doing erough, the government has
mounted a broad-gauge attack on
a:,r culture's imaa r se troubles. As
evidenced by last year's debacle,
success won't come automatically,
but experts agree the problem is
theoretically soluble.
ONE of the specific planned
programs is called "intensifica-
tion of inputs"-stimulating use
of more capital and effective la-
bor on the land. Another program:
promotion of better agricultural
methods. Both aim at increased
productivity, a crying need evi-
denced by the fact that India's
average per acre rice yields, at
eight to nine hundred pounds, are
among the world's lowest, one-
third of Japan's rate. Another in-
dicator: the 20 million ton increase
in foodgrain output over the past
decade has come mostly from ex-
pansion into new crop land, not
from increased productivity.
So the government is sponsor-
ing the huge irrigation (and hy-
dro-electric) projects that catch
development headlines and a host
of other smaller but cumulatively
more important programs. Exam-
ples: small, well-based irrigation,
better seeds and breeds, new cul-
tivation methods, such as the Jap-
anese way to grow rice, and in-
creased use of artificial fertilizer.
(Cow dung, an abundant potential
fertilizer, must be dried and burn-
ed for fuel in wood-short India;
the wisdom of a green compost
isn't apparent to a farmer who
can't grow enough to feed himself
and his animals). These ways to
boost output are propagated by an
extensive network community de-
velopment and extension services.
A Ford Foundation sponsored
experts' group said in 1959 such
measures could raise Indian pro-
duction fivefold if they are ade-
quately carried out.
They are not.
* * * -
IN A COUNTRY which has yet
to go through such basic agri-
cultural revolutions as introduction
of the metal plow as substitution
of scythe for sickle, the "cake of
custom" has a potent force and it
stands directly opposed to change.

DISCUSSION of speaker regulations at Mich-
igan State University by the university's
chapter of the American Association of Uni-
versity Professors Tuesday night provided
significant insight into the interplay of per-
sonalities and issues, or ideals and realities.
Gradually one particular point became clear
in both open statements and a more subtle
atmosphere-advance concession of ideals to
"reality" is the most deadening form of
defeatism.
Such a mood of high principles and individ-
ual character was generated in the nature of
the gathering. The professors were associated
not as officials, but as professional colleagues
and personal friends. Many expressed out-
spoken idealism, as can only be done in a
closed system of mutual respect and trust, in
the language of personal communication as
opposed to official declaration.
Nearly all who spoke were agreed on one
principle--solidarity with their students, par-
ticularly those who were recently suspended
from their offices and placed on probation as
a result of their refusal to clear speakers from
the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Com-
mittee. Their defense of these students was
sometimes close.to being passionate.
Said one, "I am half ashamed and half proud
that our students are so far ahead of us on
this issue of academic freedom." Even those
who did not object to the speaker ruling pro-
hibiting advocacy or obscene behavior or vio-
lent overthrow of the government agreed that
the probation should be lifted.
BEHIND THESE statements was an identifi-
cation with students in the quest for knowl-
edge so profound as to constitute a philosophy
transcending the practical tenets of adminis-
tration. And yet, tragically, there were those
who smiled in wry embarrassment at such
idealism, and felt compelled to speak of "the
realities" of the situation as if those realities
could never possibly be compatible with the
first principles of education. Thus there was

turned some of them from aspiration to accept-
ance.
One of the professors commented, "In the
McCarthy era it was the older people who
stood up for individual rights, people whom I
considered over the hill. Now, the situation is
reversed; it is we who are over the hill, and it
is the younger people, the students, who must
lead us."
Another, whose proposal that the AAUP re-
solve that it was opposed to any rule what-
soever limiting the freedom of speech failed
to pass, quoted Charlie Brown, of "Peanuts"
fame: "Whenever the individual comes in con-
tact with an institution, he losses."
IN THESE statements, the speaker ban issue
shown itself in an aspect not often noted. The
question becomes one of whether human ideals
should be surrendered to "reality" before con-
flict between them actually arises. Underlying
this question is another more basic: Does
"reality" prevent men from exercising fully
their ideals, or is the preventative factor actu-
ally an imagined reality, a reality postulated
and accepted before it exists?
The absurdity of speaker censorship is that
no one can tell what a speaker will say before
he says it, and after he has said it, censorship
is useless. The evil of speaker censorship is not
only that it prevents an idea from the test of
dialogue, but also that it must, eventually, limit
he ideal of dialogue itself.
Professors and students, more than any other
identifiable group, are engaged in the process
of dialogue, and must preserve that ideal. In-
formation, including biased information, must
precede judgment, and the breadth and depth
of judgment determines the breadth and depth
of the mind.
ANOTAER of the MSU professors engaged
in Tuesday's dialogue declared that "It is
time for the university to take a stand, to
support free society and the right to know."
Freedom of speech is not only freedom granted

Mrs. Kusum Nair cites two signifi-
cant interviews she had in Mysore
State, halfway up India's west
coast.
A peasant explains why he isn't
using water from the irrigation
channel that flows right through
his own 10 acres: "It rained last
year so I did not take. It has
rained this year also, so I have
not taken. I will take when the
rains fail." Mrs. Nair wasn't con-
vinced by this because "even this
year the rains were not regular."
A local government agricultural
worker says: "We carry manures
and improved seeds in a trailer
and offer to deliver them right at
the doorstep to induce the cultiva-
tors to use them. We offer them
loans to buy the seeds and man-
ures. We go to their fields and of-
fer to let the water in for them.
We request them to try it out
first on only two acres if they are
not convinced. They could quad-
ruple their yields if 'they would
only take our advice and at least
experiment. Still they are not com-
ing forward."
THIS IS NOT a universal pic-
ture, but this only softens the sit-
uation. It does not redeem it.
Another basic problem, cited by
A. M. Khusru of Delhi Unicersity's
Institute of Economic Growth, is
the institutions of agriculture.
Changes in land-holding and land-
using arrangements, he suggests,
could encourage the new methods
and "intenser" inputs and help
solve the problems of agricultural
underemployment. The basic aim
is the same as the more important
programs of direct teaching meth-
ods and input stimulation: in-
creased production for consump-
tion and investment.
Among present government in-
stitutional programs, Khusru lists
rent reduction, ceilings on individ-
ual land-holdings with provision
for sale of surpluses and protection
of five-year tenants from eviction.
There are also some cooperative
movements and pressures for con-
solidation of scattered individual
holdings, the result of multiple in-
heritance. In all this, the idea is
to work with what is available.
The specific policy aims are sev-
eral: security of tenure can en-
courage long-term planning and
investment, notably lacking among
many Indian farmers. Lower rent
means fewer debts and more in-
centive and surplus for saving and
investment. Cooperation brings the
economics of scale into play. Own-
ership arrangements make for an
optimum size farm.
IF FARMS are too small, as
many are, underemployment re-
sults. Four "workers" for instance,
can work eight acres, yet four often
work but five acres. Bullocks, ex-
pensive to feed, yet the basic non-
human rural power source, are
similarly underused.
If the farms are too big, the
"psychology of easy satisfaction"
can take hold. Statistically speak-
ing,:, average inputs on an Indian
farm increase at a rate substan-
tially less than acreage, and so
the land produces less than it can.
A team of bullocks can work ten
acres. Yet a farmer won't buy a
second team to work. 11. If he is
acquiring land, he won't take the
second team till he has nearly 20

SOPH SHOW:
'Birdie' Soars High
"BYE, BYE BIRDIE" is a campus hit which indicates that Soph Show
has grown, up. The condescending, nice-try-kids type of review is
no longer appropriate. The Soph Show deserves to be criticized with
the same criteria we apply to Musket and University Players'. pro-
ductions.
It is no secret that "Birdie" is an enormously successful satire on
rock and roll and American values with a few jibes thrown at tele-
vision, motherhood, and show business. The show is tuneful with more
than the usual amount of "hit songs" ("Put on a Happy Face," "One

AT CINEMA GUILD:
Go See 'Citizen Kane'

Boy," "A Lot of Livin' to Do," and
"Kids") and superb comedy that
rocked Dick VanDyke and Paul
Lynde to fame in the Broadway
production.
Mike Schapiro as Albert, Conrad
Birdie's agent, carries much of
the show's success on his shoul-
ders. His soft shoe with Elleva
Davidson is the best we have seen
on campus. His handling of come-
dy is mostly commendable and
his singing voice is adequate.
Unfortunately, the production's
great virtue - unboundless en-
thusiasm (what condition that
chorus must be in!) mars his
performance. Mike tends to mug
to the point of irritation particu-
larly during Rose's opening song.
This defect also marred the hu-
morous performances of Mike
Stulberg and Jim Timonen who
were at first funny but then re-
sponded to the audience's accep-
tance by giving more obnoxious
mugging than any audience could
endure.
THE GIRLS were uniformly
good. Gayle Weinberger played
Rose, Albert's secretary, with a
strongrvoice (once she got over
her nervousness) and a nice
comedy style and appearance that
are reminiscent of Chita Rivera.
If her stumbling on lines was due
to opening night jitters, it is okay.
The outstanding performances
were turned in by Cora Ridall and
Linda Shaye. Miss Ridall's voice
and acting are so good that she
could transfer, to a professional
company and not look out of place.
The excellent character roles of
Birdie, Albert's mother, and Gloria
Rasputin - a girl with undescrib-
able physical "abilities" - are
carried off with vigor and humor
by Marshall Rubinoff, Norma
Weinstock, and Barbara Linden.

'70:
Comedy;,
A4 Tear
SOME ,like their entertainment
strictly for laughs, others pre-
fer it straight and with a "mes-
sage." Boccacio '70 is a film for
both 'the lovers of good and of
melancholy.
The trilogy begins with Fellini's
Dr. Antonio Mazzuolo who spends
his days campaigning against all
manner of obscenity -low-cut
gowns, dance hall girls. Imagine
his consternation when, opposite
his own office, he is confronted by
a 100-foot-high billboard of Anita
Ekberg. A billboard which is all
for a good cause - Drink Milk-
but the overall effect! Dr. A must
rescue the innocents who play be-
neath the scurrilous Anita. Alas,
it's Dr. A. who must be rescued.
Romy Schneider and Visconti
make the second story an unfor-
gettable film experience. Miss
Schneider, as a wealthy German
countess married to a playboy
Milanese Count, is as smooth as
velvet. She convinces her wayward
husband to give her a job to ap-
pease her irate, wealthy Papa.
From now on, she is to be paid
for love, just as his call girls.
This unusual solution comes
after we have watched the mar-
velous Miss Schneider move about
in her beautiful Chanel clothes,
amidst a sumptuous set. The story
has a quality of irony, melancholy.
De Sica's The Raffle is one zany
piece of Neopolitan humor. Zoe,
Sophia Loren, the much admired
fixture in the local carnival shoot-

T ONIGHT'S your last chance to
see "Citizen Kane." If you
haven't seen it before, prepare for
an all out assault on the Archi-
tecture Aud. to get in to see it.
And if you have seen it before at
least attempt to see it again, for
Orsen Welles has created a land-
mark in the cinema, a superlative
movie that needs bow to only a
very few of the finest motion pic-
tures ever made.
What will render "Citizen Kane"
unforgettable in the viewer's mind
is its direction. Sharp and subtle
constrasts of black and white,
light and shadow, intensely realis-
tic dialogue and odd camera an-
gles are utilized to heighten the
mood. More important, Joseph

them with fear from his trance-
like state. He constantly searches
hoping to recover the "Rosebud"-
the last word that wells forth
from his body as he dies.
The life of Kane has no correla-
tion to reality and Welles heigh-
tens this feeling with odd shoot-
ing angles, from ankle height to
long range distances and zooming
in on the subject. The realistic
presentation even lengthens the
distance between Kane's world
and the real one.
* * *
THE INTENSITY of "Citizen
Kane" is scorching. It may lack
gentle humanity or humor, but
this lack tends to strengthen the
tension even more. It is like
Hawthorne's short stories-deep in