THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE! TIlE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE Bowles Seeks Revisions In Foreign Aid Program GENERAL ASSEMBLY SPEECH: Cuban Demands UN Condemn U.S. Acts. UNITED NATIONS (P)-At a tumultuous General Assembly ses- sion yesterday President Osvaldo Dorticos of Cuba demanded that the United Nations condemn as an act of war any United States blockade of his country. Outside the hall Chief Delegate Adlai E. Stevenson served notice that the United States would maintain its economic pressure against the Fidel Castro regime as the "least violent way" of coping with a Reds RefuseE To Discuss West Protest BERLIN UP)-Soviet authorities yesterday snubbed Western pro- tests that guards of the East Ger- man regime barred a British Army ambulance from entering East Berlin to help a man wounded near the wall. 0. S. Panin, Soviet protocol of- ficer in East Berlin, listened to a reading of the British=-American- French protest by Ralph Banfield, British protocol officer. Then he told Banfield the matter concern- ed not the Russians but the "Ger- man Democratic Republic" - the satellite East German regime which the West' does not recog- nize. So, Panin said, he could- not ac- cept the protests on behalf of So- viet Ambassador Mihail Pervukhin. Banfield drove back to West Ber- lin. The protests were drafted in identical terms by the American, British and French ambassadors to Germany. They and Pervukhin still have powers in Germany left over from the allied alliance that won World War II. But the Rus- sians usually try to hand the re- sponsibility over to the satellite regime where Berlin is concerned. The Western powers charged that the stopping of the ambu- lance Saturday was a clear viola- tion of their rights under four- power agreements. Mayor Willy Brandt's Social Democratic party called on them to stop Soviet vehicles from enter- ing West Berlin in retaliation. So- viet buses daily bring a detach- ment into West Berlin to guard the Soviet war memorial. Communist threat to the West- ern hemisphere. "The maintenance of Commu- nism in the Americas is not nego- tiable," he told a news conference called after a speech of an hour and 45 minutes by Dorticos in which he challenged Stevenson to guarantee by deed and not word that the United States would not attack Cuba. Interrupted with Cries Dorticos was interrupted at the outset by cries of "murderer" and "degenerate" hurled at him by spectators in the galleries. The gal- leries were closed to the general public. All those admitted held tickets issued to them by United Nations delegations. Loud applause also punctuated the speech. It was led mainly by a group of Soviet United Nations employes. Describes Charges At the meeting with correspond- ents the United States chief dele- gate described the charges by Dor- ticos as "neither original nor true." He reiterated the United States would not attack Cuba, but added "let it be equally clear that the United States will not tolerate ag- gression against any part of this hemisphere." Stevenson took the Assembly rostrum briefly to explain that he would violate UN tradition if he replied directly to a speech by a chief of state. He said he would make a statement at a news con- ference. ~--;5TER BOWLES ... foreign aid YEMEN REGIME: Sallal Offers Posts to Chiefs CAIRO (P)-Yemen's revolution- ary regime tightened its hold on the newly proclaimed Red Sea re- public and made a bid yesterday to tribal chiefs to join in drafting a social reform program. San'a radio said a council of tribal chiefs will be convened Oct. 14 to discuss economic, agrarian and social problems confronting the backward Arabian nation. Col. Abdullah Sallal, strongman of the revolt that overthrew the monarchy 13 days ago, offered the chiefs posts in the National De- fense Council with salaries of cab- inet ministers. Associated Press correspondent David Lancashire, among the first Western reporters to reach San'a since the revolt, reported the an- cient mud-walled capital calm de- spite reports of skirmishes along the Saudi Arabian frontier. Coi. Sallal, prime minister of the new government, told newsmen, "the revolution is a success." Suggests Cut For Nations Without Will To Help Countries With 'Genuine Need' WASHINGTON ()-The United States foreign aid program should be "relieved from the responsibil- ity" of mixing cold war considera- tions with genuine economic needs when deciding which nations to aid, Chester Bowles, presidential adviser on developing areas of the world, said yesterday. Bowles proposed denial of aid to nations which "lack the compe- tence, organization and will" to use aid effectively. Separation of economic needs and cold war considerations will help to further public understand- ing of the nation's objectives in the foreign aid program. He blamed the "crazy" quilt of political com- mitments which we inherited from the previous administration" for misunderstanding of the aid pro- gram. Foreign Pressures Bowles said that the Agency for International Development is pres- sured by ambassadors, visiting for- eign officials and foreign lobbies. This hampers an effective aid pro- gram, he said. Bowles also advised that the United States not hesitate "to pub- licize our differences with those governments which persistently stick to outmoded concepts de- signed to protect the status quo and which refuse to take the nec- essary steps to r e f o r m and strengthen their own economic and social systems." He feels that nations with a gross national product of less than $350 per capita which are demon- strating courage in mustering their resources should be given aid. These nations, he feels, should be able "to put their financial houses in order." The United States should suggest corrective measures and advise them to in- troduce tax and land reforms. "We are badly in need of some dramatic showcase examples of what outstanding performance by a recipient nation backed by gen- erous United States assistance can accomplish." Bowles said that "hopeless" na- tions should be satisfied with the Peace Corps, the food-for-peace program and technical aid. Staebler Seeks' Student Fund By The Associated Press CHARLEVOIX - Democratic candidate for Congressman al large Neil Staebler proposed thai the government set up a self- liquidating loan fund to aid stu- dents in obtaining higher educa- tion. Staebler, saying the fund is ne- cessary because of the Unitec States' need for trained personnel called for an arrangement where. by students would not have to pa back the money until one yea after they had left college. COMMUN l L1 University Hosp St. Joseph Hos Africa in EEC? (EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the first in a two-part series analyzing the re- lationship of Africa to the European Economic Community.) By H. NEIL BERKSON "There is no reason why most of the new African countries below the Sahara cannot be associate members of the Common Market by the end of this year," Prof. Henry A. Bretton of the political'science department says. Commenting on the remarks of Belgian Foreign Minister Paul- Henri Spaak to the United Nations General Assembly last week, Prof. Bretton feels, however, that associate membership will leave many problems unsolved. "These negotiations have been going on ever since the. formation of the European Economic Community," Prof. Bretton notes. "They involve primarily the former colonies of member countries. The for- mer British colonies have only taken part informally, and their status cannot be settled unless 'or until Britain joins the Six'."~ <";: Full Partners The possibility of all of the new ~ ~ African countries becoming full partners in the Common Market is still very much in the future, he says. "It's very unlikely that all of them can afford to become members if tied to the economy and politics of Europe. "Many countries-Mali, Mauri- tania, or the Congo, to name a few -are in a great state of flux right now. Political changes are occur- ring constantly, and these lead to altered economic conditions. Such countries are not ready to commit themselves to Europe. PROF. HENRY BRETTON "At the same time, there are ... African economics groups in all the African nations who view potential associations with the 'Six' with misgivings. They fear that their inferior develop- mental status will place them at permanent disadvantage vis-a-vis the powerful European states. Independent Position "They are afraid they will be deprived of their bargaining power, which is inherent in an independent position. This element is present in Nigeria, Ghana, and many parts of French Africa." In the wake of the Common Market's phenomenal success, other countries are trying to create their own competing blocs. "Egypt is the focus of this effort in Africa," Prof. Bretton says. "She is trying to organize her own economic bloc to counterbalance the 'Six.' Yugo- slavia and India are interested bystanders in this movement. These countries would eventually like to form a number of loosely associated world trading alliances" So far Egypt's efforts have not been too successful. "After all," Prof. Bretton says "the African countries are interested in learning to stand on their osn feet, and Egypt's economy is still largely de- pendent upon outside aid. PETER, PAUL, & MARY Regularly $3.98 and $4.98 NOW ONLY discount records SPECIAL SALE NOW IN STOCK The Third Volume JOAN BAEZ IN CONCERT H i-F i List $4.98 3.49 Stereo List $5.98 4.19 Hi-Fi 2.65, Stereo 3.32 I p World News* Roundup By The Associated Press BRUSSELS-Britain and the six members of Europe's Common Market last night agreed on an intensified work program to speed negotiations for Britain's entry into the economic-political bloc. , . , , WASHINGTON-Reports that Fidel Castro is ready to exchange 1,113 Cuban invasion prisoners for food and medicine put United States government agencies into high gear yesterday to take care of a fresh flood of refugees into Miami. WASHINGTON- Attorneys for ex-Maj. Gen. Ed- win A. Walker have called his con- finement "political" and a "viola- tion of due process and of the Bill of Rights." * * * BRUSSELS-Irish Prime Minis- ter Sean Lemass flew to Brussels from Dublin yesterday with the ap- parent intention of trying to speed negotiations for Ireland's entry in- to the European Common Market. 4~LS ~ * * !' i L 1 r' i 1 f i n- v 4 4 I ! y r PRAYER RECITATION: Court Agrees To Ryule On Bible-Reading, Case, WASHINGTON (1P)-The Supreme Court agreed yesterday to rule on the constitutiorality of Bible-reading and recitation of the Lord's Prayer in public schools. This question of intense national interest was left unanswered by the varied interpretations of the court's historic June 25 decision that a prayer drawn by state officials for use in New York state's public schools violated the Constitution. Specifically, the court will now deal with 1) a Pennsylvania law requiring Bible-reading in the public schools and 2) a Baltimore school board regulation that classes open each day with a Bible-reading and recitation of the Lord's prayer. Both were challenged as a breach of the wall between church and state. A special federal court in Philadelphia found the Penn-l sylvania law unconstitutional. The Maryland Court of Appeals upheld the Baltimore regulation. The high tribunal refused to re- view two other decisions touching on church-state relations: 1) That Oregon may not pro- vide free school books to church schools, even though the court ruled 32 years ago that Louisiana could provide non-religious books to parochial school students. 2) That a $400,000 hospital built with public funds may be leased to a religious organization in Cov- ington, Ky. Betancourt Ends Guaranteed Rights CARACAS tom)-President Romu- lo Betancourt suspended constitu- tional guarantees amidst gun fire. 337 S. 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