Seventy-Fifth Year EDrrED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS o fTHE UNIVERSITrY of MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHOIUTY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS "Spear - Hatchet - Poisoned Arrow -" LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Chairman C'lani =1 Judic Proceedures *oas 420 MAYNARD ST., Aw ARanom, MICH. NEWS PHoNE: 764-0552 als printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staf f writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. SEPTEMBER 12, 1964 NIGHT EDITOR: JOHN KENNY Exploring the Need For Social Change HIS SUMMER saw what are hopefully the seeds of radical and pervasive social aingle in America-the recognition by at ast two representatives of the liberal ovement of the essentially economic uses of many of the probleis which face nerica today. . The main thrust of liberalism in this >untry has recently been the Negro eedom movement, a drive aimed in the nig run at men's attitudes and in the .orl run at the laws which those atti- des generate. . Now, however, a significant minority liberals seem to understand more fully at the Negro's struggle for the bare renities of the good life is not an iso- fed, independent phenomenon: rather, is the first outward manifestation of Lvoiced ills which stem from an econom- order that is fast outliving its useful- ss. HAT ORDER had its beginnings when men first set out to acquire the physi- 1 necessities of life from an essentially rren and hostile environment. Personal tiative was the key to survival, and en as the division of labor developed ere were continually ways in which an tlividual could eke a better existence out the land, the factory or the business. [t was ini this spirit that men came to e New World; there was so much to be ne, yet so many opportunities, that no e could excuse himself for not getting ead. Indeed, those who would not ex- se themselves got ahead-they earned >re money, built better homes, sent eir children to better schools. And they parted to their offspring not only a terial head start in life but the atti- le that success was natural and emi- ntly attainable. [f1 the land and its opportunities were h, yet they are not so rich that eryone could end up, in the course of tory, with the entrepreneur attitude- with opportunities to fulfill that atti- de. For as equality of opportunity grad- ly became less viable under the con- uences of the freedom to pursue one's es, it was no longer a simple question will. More and more, those who had :i some initial success created condi- ns-in housing, education, family life, isumption and, most important, in the tire of expectations for the future-in icnh ard-won privileges could not but inerited,, through no :fault of the ieficiary. . E OBVERSE, of course, was also true, and it is from the development of this' t that the poverty and deep alienation: ;oday's lower classes is so appalling. he sons, through no fault of their a, inherit the lack of power and the s of motivation of their fathers. Cen where there is enough for every- and free access- to it, such a situa- ,. is intolerable. Large sectors of the ulation are shiftless, unfulfilled emo- ially, even if they do occasionally eat i sleep well. They are free only in the ited sense that they do not have to rnnge for bread every day; in any e, they have neither the desire nor the ortunity to participate in the vital de-, ins that. govern their lives. Ultimate- they depend on the benevolence of se who control the production and ribution of goods and services. ntil perhaps the middle of this cen-. r, however, even this was not all a 1 had to worry about. Not only were opportunities for acquiring the amen- ; of life limited by the lack of eco- iic power; not only did the lack of 1omic power breed a lack of economic ivation; - but there would not have n enough to go around even had the 'er and the will to acquire existed. W, HOWEVER, we are faced both{ vith a more highly developed maldis-. ution of power and will and, for the. time in history, with the industrial' acity to produce in superabundance. technological upheaval that began' z the Industrial Revolution has con- ed its geometric pace; now we have ed the computer-not only to run the kerless machines but to replace num- Ls so-called white collar jobs as well. 1 deed, the age of superabundance isj vet fully unon us.-It will nerhans take national product. But the coming of that age, if society remais as it now is, will find huge numbers of men at all levels without the economic ability to partake of the new abundance because they have no jobs. Or, not too much better, men may. have 'guaranteed incomes but no psychological ability to make something fulfilling of their new-found leisure. Initial manifestations are already clear, and it is becoming increasingly impossi- ble to recognize the signs without at the same time noticing how 'ill-suited the so- cial structure is for handling what the signs forecast.. THIS IMPOSSIBILITY is largely re- * sponsible for the growing glare of pov- erty and for the new realization that the roots of the Negro problem-economic disinheritance-are the roots of poverty in general. When white men are being displaced from their work, only frustration and backlash can result from the Negro's de- mand for jobs. Without the income from jobs and without a voice in governing economic processes, neither the Negro nor the poor white can afford or acquire adequate housing-and housing in a place other than the urban ghetto. With the political impotence that is a function of economic position, neither white nor Ne- gro can get or utilize decent education. When at least 40 per cent of the na- tion's families earn less than $4000 a year, when untold millions of others are alienated from a relatively unreceptive political process, when vital economic de- cisions can be made by a handful of men -not ibecause of the innate laziness or ignorance of the dispossessed but be- cause of an inherited social standing that allows neither the development of ini- tiative and skill nor their effective use- then it is hard to claim America is the land of opportunity. WHEN THE VERY FREEDOM for all which characterized the nation's be- ginnings has turned around to breed free- dom for only a few, it is time for some kind of change. At present, control of the burgeoning forces of automation is both the most dangerous and potentially the most use- ful tool of the future. Dangerous if that control continues to reside in a few pri-' voterhands. Usefil becauseautomation at last promises the capacity to distribute equitably the fruits of human labor and to pay for the massive social improve- ments-in education, housing, recreation and the like-which will breed the will and ability to utilize abundance well. Control of automation, however, re- quires nationalization, and nationaliza- tion, if it is to be effective, must be ac- companied by direct citizen participation in economic decisions. Such participa- tion, in turn, cannot be effective unless it is carried out by immediately-concerned local and regional bodies, while still co- ordinated at the national level. THE PRECISE DETAILS of the solution will come only after long study, found- ed on open dialogue. But the general out- line of what is needed must be put forth now, as indeed is happening among vari- ous liberal groups. Significant among these is the Eco- nomic Research and Action Project of Students for a Democratic Society. Launched this summer, ERA is an ef- fort to organize poor whites around com- mon economic grievances. While the grievances are at first necessarily nar- row and minor, it is hoped that the orga- nization created will serve as a founda- tion for a broader class-and eventually interracial-movement. Equally as important is the Ad Hoc Committee on the Triple Revolution, a' group of noted liberal scholars who have studied the problems and potential ofj automation. Their provoking statement calls for abolishing the link between jobs and income in favor of a guaranteed in- come. BOTH THESE GROUPS are new, and both have a long way to go before they will command any kind of follow- ing or accomplish significant changes. Indeed, their biggest stumbling block is TODAY AND TOMORROW: On Making Commitments By WALTER LIPPMANN; HERE IS a serious fighting in three widely separated places -in Southeast Asia, in Cyprus and in the Congo-and in different de- grees we are much .involved in all of them. , Our armed forces are directly involved in Southeast Asia. In Cy- prus our diplomacy is deeply in- volved. In the Congo we are much concerned, though, fortunately, we are not now involved at first hand. The common factor in all three situations is that they are the aftermath of the breakdown of, the old imperial systems-the French system in Indo-China, the IGUANA: Uneven At the Michigan Theatre EXCELLENT ACTING and a witty script make the cinema adaptation of Tennessee Williams' "Night of the Iguana" a success- ful picture - almost. Neglected character development and a mis- directed final scene spoil an ab- sorbing movie-and your evening; if - you have become interested in the film's thematic develop- ment. Richard Burton plays a dis- graced Episcopal minister who has come to "the end of his rope" as a tour guide for a busload of Amer- ican ladies in Mexico. In gesture. and facial expression as well as in delivery, Burton clearly portrays the conflicting "fantastic" and "realistic" sides of the character's personality. As an idealist who has never lived the life of a natural woman, Deborah Kerr matches Burton's performance. Except . for some mumbled lines in an important scene, Ava Gardner also performs well, portraying the .woman who has buried her soul and turned to the sensual side of life. , ,* ; ON THE WHOLE, clear delivery by Burton and Miss Kerr, and. generally by the whole cast, takes handsoe advantage of a.witty script. For example, Burton de.. fines statutory rape as "when a man is seduced by a girl under 20.' The neglected character devel- opment occurs in the role of the sensual woman portrayed by Mis. Gardner. Just before the end of the movie she displays a previously unhinted selflessness. At this point, her love for Burton becomes clear,. and we see her as a woman with a spiritual, as well as a sensual side. However, these spiritual qual- ities appear so late in the movie nd so unexpectedly that they seem to be out of place. She remains for us essentially sensual, and her actions seem to spring from her sensuality. * * * British system in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Belgian system in Central Africa. Without even intending it, indeed while wishing it had not happened, the United States has been sucked into all three situations.. The end of the empires has left a vacuum of power which the, liberated peoples have not yet mustered the strength or found the political maturity to fill with- out foreign aid. The cold war is in large part a conflict about whether the vacuum shall be filled by Mos- cow ors Peking or Washington, * ': , THERE IS no certainty. that there will not be other theaters of disorder in Asia, Africa and the 'Americas. Indeed, the chances are that there will.be others. Wherever and whenever a new theater of disorder appears, whenever there is a new revolutionary civil war, there will be a powerful suction pulling the United States to inter- vention, and there will be power-' ful pressures here at home to push us to intervention. As the United States comes near to having a'nionopoly of the dis- posable military- power in the Western world, we cannot. afford. to become totally engaged in any one theater or to commit all our reserves in one place. For that reason our intervention, when it cannot be avoided, must be limit- ed, 'measured and always directed to a political solution rather than to a military victory and uncon- ditional surrender. ' * *' . THUS, it is a vital American interest to safeguard its strategic mobility. We could lose our mo- bility if we become hugely. com- mitted in one theater and let our- selves become engaged in a total war, say on a long land frontier. in South Asia. If ever, even for the noblest ideological reasons, we let ourselves be entrapped in such a war, our position in the world as protector of the interests of the West would be gravely shaken. We are very powerful. But we are not so, powerful that we can commit all our reserves. The role which we have to play in this period of history cannot be sus- tained if we do not use a shrewd and prudent diplomacy toecon- omize the use of military force..' In applying these principles to Southeast Asia, we have to remem- ber that the only great military. force China possesses is her enormous army and that in a serious conflict she would be bound to use it by attacking ad-, jacent countries which we have promised to defend. It would be wishful thinking to suppose that NVo Checks ANCIENT prescriptions such as "a government of laws, not of men," have clearly lost their hold on the majority of the Supreme Court justices. The Court, created as a check on those in the exec- utive and leislataiv ebranches of China, though it can be hurt fearfully, is entirely helpless. And here at home we must not, there- fore, ask American soldiers to fight an impossible war. We must make our readiness to negotiate an accommodation as credible as we make our readiness to retaliate against aggression.. * ,* * EVERYONE realizes that if, notwithstanding NATO and the United Nations and our own dip- lomacy, Greece and Turkey go to war, the Western alliance will be deeply shaken. As the United. States has the only mobile reserve force in the Eastern Mediter- ranean, American responsibility for maintaining a balance of power in Europe will be increased. Since we are carrying 'virtually the whole burden of maintaining a ;balance o f' power in Asia, we cannot afford lavishly to over- commit ourselves by signing blank checks on our military power We have signed too many of them already. (c) 1964, The washington Post Co, NEVSKY: G; ie e 7 ' 'A tis tic Triumph' At the Cinema Guild Y INTENTION rather than accident, S e r g e i Eisenstein completed his patriotic epic "Alex- ander Nevsky" in 1938, a year of tension and uncertainty between the Soviet Union and Germany. Charged with nationalistic fer- vor, the film commemorates the victory of the .Prince of Novgorod over the Teutonic Knights in the legen 1ary battle on the ice of Lake Chudskoye in 1242. Never- theless, the film . is much more than a mere propaganda vehicle. Much of its childlike charm de- rives from the sense it conveys of a fairytale history. Even more strikingly than the settings, the characters, as por- trayed, are creatures of the view- er's imagination: Nikolai Cherkas- sov's Alexander is uncommon even, among .heroes,. "with' the halo of' genius surrounding his head"; the Livenian Knights personify bru- tality and cowardice-shifty eyes peering through slits in grotes- quely horned helms, contrasting with the open-faced honesty of the Russian peasants. * * * HOWEVER, IT is the music that makes the film a unified work of art. Serge Prokofiev col- laborated very closely with Eisen- stein in setting the film to music (and vice versa); Nestyev writes that "the music not only illu- strates, but leads the action." In "The Film Sense," Eisenstein calls attention to the "congruence of the movement of the music with the . . . visual contour:" i.e. as the eye follows the pictorial com- positional line of a scene, Pirko- fiev's score provides a precise To the Editor: A RECENT LETTER in your column by William Cummings has made me painfully aware of the obscurity, confusion and mis- understanding which surround, I presume, many campus organiza- tions and particularly Joint Ju- diciary Council, in which I retain special interest. Mr. Cummings' concern for the procedures per- taining to University automobile regulations is certainly worth thoughtful consideration, but to fully appreciate and evaluate his comments I .feel clarification of misused and misinformed reer- ences is imperative. An examination of some of his statements about JJC is in order: 1) "I know some may recall that the Joint Judiciary Council, a student judiciary body, is seen every month ruling on eases of violation of these laws." Automobile regulations and their enforcement are handled by a sub- sidiaryrjudicial body composed of one. permanent member and 1 or 2 rotating ,members of the coun- cil who meet, not monthly, but weekly as a Driving Court. JJC as a whole is neversinvolved in the operations of this court, the ra- tionale being that a small, con- tinuous group can most effectively handle driving cases. Policy procedures and interpre- tation of automobile regulations are .certainly the. concern of all.' JJC members, but the area of pro- posals and planning is clearly dis- tinguished from that of actual practices. The Council may choose to alter the techniques employed in Driving Court, 'but it does not interfere with the mechanism of decision by the Court unless in the form of a formal appeal. 2) ".r. . people may claim that the .students have thereby chosen the laws" Indeed, Joint Judic does exercise considerable influence in policy formation involving parking prob- lems, as it does in the areas of' women's regulations, standards of conduct and all other aspects of student experience which right- fully and legally fall into the range of a student judiciary. 3) ". . . the JJC, as with all student governments, is in a precarious position . . . If the" JJC refuses to rule on traffic' violations because it objects to' the rules defining violation, then the OSA can charge non- cooperation and reverse the whole process toward increasing student participation In Univer sity government. Thus the JJC's cooperation can be understood as one small facet in a much larger struggle for power." First, let us remember that JJC; is not a "student government" but a judicial body. Second, JJC has never, and I hope never will be." in the "precarious position" Mr. Cummings describes. The Council maintains independence and ob- jectivity as regards OSA and all other University offices during sessions with students. JJC is not a "facet"-large or small-of a hierarchical struggle forpower as Cummings assumes, but rather constitutes a crucial and function- al ink in a horizontal chain f University administration, legis- lation and regulation. The very ns ture of its name "Judiciary Council" suggests a dual role, not solely of judge, but of educator as well. JJC is not a clearing house for OSA loose ends but an in- dependent, dynamic organism with function, purpose and realm of in- fluence as outlined in the Council Constitution. ,* *a MR. CUMMINGS is, naturally, entitled to objecteto University policy when he sees fit to o so, but his protests should be founded in fact rather than speculation, perspective rather than proposi-' tion. I lhope the preceding infor- mation will enlighten not only Mr. Cummings but numerous other students who .may have perceived structures or spheres of influence derived from ambiguity and mis- conception. -Jacqueline Lupovich, 'G5 Chairman of .JJC To the Editor: MANY STUDENTS have been complaining about the quality of the housing facilities here at the University. Some people feel crammed into inadequate dormi- tory space and deprived of their privacy. I have found, though, that my room is only slightly smaller than the singles at other colleges I have visited. The only problem is that there are three people liing in it rather than just one. .I'm tglad I'm in s uch a good'" situation. The University is not only working on my academic learning, but also on my social life. The housing also inspires my ingenuity. * * .' . .. THE ROOM used to be a double, and there are a few remnants of that lo'vely period. For instance, there ;were ornly two towel racks.' in the room. The closets provided a good sturdy coat hanger, which we stretched from one rack to another. Above the towel racks is a built-in ~medicine cabinet. The cabinet contains enough shelves to allow each student to have two shelves of his own. The shelf spaces are exactly two and five- eighits inches high. The 'smallest bottles of pre-shave, after-shave, mouthwash, tooth paste, and shampoo we could obtain were from two and seven-eighth to four inches high. We still have not figured out how to solve this, but our minds have been made active and our mental exercises on this question should make us more nimble in class. . The rooi lacksrstorage ,space other than that, in the closets. Within these slender cubicles someone has ingeniously built, a set of drawers. When I arrived I: found that 'mst of myt' clothes that were not on hangers would fit into the drawers. The rest. I tucked neatly on the hat shelf above. * * * THE SET OF DRAWERS is built low enough so that trousers hanging from the hangers just barely touch the top of the cab- inet. Shirts, which happen to come a little lower, cause a little trouble with wrinkle.s, but I can just tell people that I ironed them myself. I will not be the best-dressed man around, though, as long as my suit and overcoat are filled with wrinkles, and covered with dust from the top of the cabinet. To make a space to store other things, such as books and files, we moved the one lounge chair a few feet' away from 'the corner and filled two empty vodka cases with our odds and ends. The only time the room itself is very crowded is when all three of us are in it.In various places we find evidence of ways in which the last occupants solved the prob- lems of limited space, but so far we have been unable to do the same. In several places on the cream-colored ceiling are . dark' footprints (size nine-B). There are prints of the bottomns of pop' bottles where someone has drunk his cold 'pop while he had dirty hands. When he set the bottles down,.the condenisatia on onthe coldbottles ran down to the cel- ing, carrying the dirt with it. Just to one side of thie.bole prints are a large number of violet spots, exactly the shade of grape drippings on a white bib. Apparently our forerunners liked to eat grapes while they sat around on the ceiling talking and drinking pop. TWO OF US in the room are science majors and the third Is a physical education major. We are now attempting to derive'the rin- ciples by which we, too,can learn to live on the ceiling of our room. When we succeed in our endea- vors, the University will have raised the standards' of American science and knowledge of man's physical capabilities, through its challenging program of housing. We may even have enough room for us to do all the homework re- quired for us to survive the year. --John Dickey, '68 Dom Jr -'X 4 k '' ; "Call A Staff Meeting At Once, And Tell Them To Tell Me What To Say I Said Yesterday" 1; A' r,; . 5 x . l , ' , 1 b t . 'i ""'" ' ..- ' r 'may ' ' c ...+.r. ."' Q 1< <. t a ;1 i° ' a' E