SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1964 THE MICHIGAN DAILY SUDYi3TMRR6 1.:TMCHGNDAL r c r: 'i'tixc : ; 14 Desegregation Resistance Lowers CIVIL RIGHTS VIOLENCE: Unsolved Cases Mark Mississippi Record By DON McKEE Associated Press Staff Writer ATLANTA-Southern resistance to school desegregation is disap- pearing a decade after the land- mark Supreme Court decision. There still is resistance, resent- ment and reluctant acceptance. But the quiet,, sometimes volun- tary erasure of color lines: this fall throughout the South points toward growing acceptance or resignation. In Greenville, S.C., 14 white schoois were 'desegregated last Tuesday voluntarily. The worst incident was a white boy's yell to a Negro boy and girl. " Go home," he yelled. But he did nothing else. Americus, Ga., a racial hotspot last summer, voluntarily and without any prior announcement admitted four Negroes to its white high school. In Birmingham, Ala., where violence came last year with de-, spgregation, there was nothing worse than some segregationist picketing. And in hard-core Mississippi, last of the states to begin deseg- regation, seven Negro first-graders sat in the sam classrooms with white pupils last Monday at Biloxi. No trouble. Kentucky First That has been the story this fall, from rural Virginia to rural Louisiana and Mississippi. Oddly, the border state entucky had the first trouble - fires in the Negro section of Mount Sterling after schools were integrated. The possibility of trouble, how-. ever, has not been precluded since all Southern schools have not opened. Among schools facing desegregation next week are those in Montgomery, Ala., and Albany, Ga. Figures on desegregation are not kept in some of the states but a survey indicates more than 100 new districts or counties are re- moving racial lines this term. More than 5000 Negroes will be in desegregated schools in half a dozen states-as an example. ECONOMIC ISSUE: Italian Economy Takes Dip' By EUGENE LEVIN ROME (R)-2Two or three years ago Italians never tired of boast- ing of an "economic miracle." Now they talk of slump, dream of the past, and worry about the future. But there never was an unad- ulterated boom, nor has it become a complete bust. Things could ' have been better. They could get worse. The housewife is buying stewing veal at $1.20 a pound, as much as she paid a year ago for the finest cutlets. But less than a decade ago she might not have been able to afford even the cheapest stew- ing cuts. Thinner Envelopes In northern Italy, factory work- ers in some industries are finding pay envelopes thinner because of reduced working schedules. A few years ago many lacked jobs. Both the housewives and the workers are beginning to worry about making payments on the washing machines and , automo- World News, Roundup By The Associated Press GENEVA - A Russian atomic scientist said yesterday the Soviet Union plans to build, a fleet of nuclear -powered icebreakers which will keep the Arctic Ocean open to shipping- the year round. The second will be commissioned in 1971. ALEXANDRIA, Egypt-The sec- ond Arab summit conference be-. gan yesterday with spirited ap- peals for the liberation of Pales- tine from Zionism and southern Arabia from British colonialism. President Nasser of the United Arab Republic opened the con- ference. MOSCOW -Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev returned to Moscow. yesterday for urgent policy talks with Kremlin advisors on the crumbling structure of world Comnunist unity. Khrushchev is expected to plunge/ into strategy sessions on Italian and Chinese declarations of discontent. * * * SANTIAGO, Chile-.Exhilirated by a landslide victory over his Communist - backed opponent, President-elect Eduardo Frei yes- teiday pledged closer relations' 'with the United States and called! for a continuation of the late 'President John F. Kennedy's pol- icies towards South America. biles they bought at the height of their prosperity. But the wor- ries are eased by the memory of harder times. This memory of tougher days is one of Premier Aldo Moro's problems in coping with the eco- nomic slowdown. He must con- vince Italians to tighten their belts at a time when they are still tasting the :benefits of a postwar prosperity. No Sense of Urgency For many Italians it is difficult to work up a sense of urgeney. There is much talk about eco- nomics, but action is slow motion, and limited. A government crisis, 'President Antonio Segni's illness and summer vacations delayed for more than two months what had been described as urgent economic measures. And things got no' worse. Nor are workers being told they must stop seeking wage boosts. Moro is simply asking them not to ask for too much. Despite the talk of slump, and it's a more popular topic than the' weather, city streets remain crowded with cars. Cafes are busy as ever. Stores are bustling. Economic Measures Last- Monday, Moro's govern- ment got around to the long-de- layed economic measures. These included a boost in the sales tax and in upper-bracket income + taxes. In an effort to spur investment, employer and employe contribu- tions to Italy's vast social security programs are cut. Moro said other economic meas- ures taken last February had stemmed inflation and that now the' key problem was tomaintain employment., Eliminated Unemployment The boom of the 1950s had al- most eliminated Italy's chronic unemployment. It had a1so changed the country's way of life. Refrigerators, cars and television sets ceased to be luxuries. Work- ers with rising incomes snapped them up. Then matters got out of viand. Credit was easy to get. Install- ment buying flourished. The promissory note became a second currency. The boom also had weak spots. Southern ' Italy xe- mained depressed.' The trade deficit persisted but was hidden by a favorable payments balance due to tourism. Eventually the cracks developed. Prices spurted upward. Luxury imports increased, and the favor- able balance of payments dis- appeared. Turned to Coalition Meanwhile, Italy turned to center-left government by a coal- ition of Christian Democrats and Socialists. Electric power was na- This is the breakdown by states: Alabama-Three more commun- ities begin this year. Desegrega- tion has expanded in Birmingham, Mobile, Huntsville and Tuskegee which began last year. The angry resistance of last year is absent. All the state's Catholic schools were put on .an unsegregated basis Tuesday. , Arkansas--Expansion of deseg- regation at Little Rock and Fort Smith, plus new desegregation at eight .other cities and towns is resulting in about 870 Negroes attending previously white schools, compared to 390 last year. Twenty-one districts desegregated compared to 13 last year. No Trouble Florida - Four more counties have integrated, bringing to 21. the number with desegregation policy (the state has 67 counties). Schools in northwest Florida inte- grated without trouble. Estimated 8000 Negroes attending once-white schools. Georgia--Six more cities begin desegregation, for total of 10-all major cities. More than 900 Negroes in 28 schools of which most are in Atlanta. Louisiana-New Orleans deseg- regation reaches the 4th grade. High school at Greensburg en- rolled three Negroes. East Baton Rouge Parish begins Catholicl school desegregation. Four public high schools began last fall. Mississippi - Sixteen Negroes broke the racial barrier at four Biloxi elementary schools. One Negro registered at rural Carth- age, birthplace of former Gov. Ross Barnett. Jackson faces de- segregation. North Carolina-Integration be- coffing general and no figures are available on number of Ne- groes and school districts involved. South Carolina-About 260 Ne- groes attending once-white schools in 12 counties in a big jump from initial desegregation at Charles- ton. Much has been voluntary this" year. Tennessee-Nine new districts desegregating, bringing total to 54 out of 154 districts. Knoxville and Knox County have dropped racial bars in all grades. Texas-About 16 new districts integrating this fall. Total now of 267 districts out of 1500. Esti-) mated 300,000 Negroes attending integrated schools. By ED McCUSKER Associated Press Staff Writer JACKSON-Mississippi studied a civil rights ledger recently that was billed "the long, hot summer." The columns of civil disobed- ience listed few reports of mas- sive demonstrations, massive ar- rests, rioting and looting. The state has braced for this summer, arming itself with new laws, more law officers and a net- work of informers to keep a check on civil rights plans. 'Unsolved' Ledger But the story of Mississippi's summer is told in the ledger col- umn marked "unsolved." ' It reads: Three civil rights workers slain at Philadelphia, Miss. Torsoes of two young Negroes found in a murky Mississippi river offshoot near Vicksburg. Negro pedestrian mysteriously gunned down while walking a lonely road near Monticello. Seventeen Negro churches ruin- ed or damaged by fire. Offices of Pulitzer Prize win- ning editor bombed. News.paper press at Laurel bombed. Homes of several civil rights workers bombed. Civil rights workers roughed up while in custody of Hinds County' jail. Windows of Council of Federat-, ed Organization headquarters here knocked out several times by rocks. Other Cases There were other unsolved cases in the tally, from the beating of' summer volunteers to the severe whipping administered to three free-lance writers just outside of Summit. Some of these cases have been investigated., A massive investigation led by the FBI has been in progress since the charred station wagon of three civil rights workers was. found near Philadelphia. Bodies Found Forty-three days after their dis- appearance, their bodies were un- earthed from a watershed dam six miles from Philadelphia in rural Neshoba County. Roy Moore, special agent of the FBI offices in Jackson, said the investigation of the slayings of New Yorkers Mickey Schwerner and Andrew Goodman, and Mer- idian Negro, Jamhes Chaney was continuing. Moore heads. an office ordered set up by President Lyndon John- son after trouble shooter Allen Dulles looked into law enforce- ment of the state. Federal Investigators jury said recently that it found "insufficient evidence to deter- mine the cause of death" of the three civil rights workers. The state pathologist has not made public his findings. A pri- vate pathologist said Schwerner was killed by a single shot in ;the chest, and Chaney was severely beaten before three bullets en- tered his body. No Reported Arrests There have been no reported arrests in the rash of bombingsl Moore has 50 mand. But at the search for workers, there investigators in A Neshoba agents at his com-. one time during the three rights were 153 federa] the state. County coroner's that rocked civil rights connected houses and offices. The bombing of the Northside Reporter, published by Pulitzer Prize winning editor Mrs. Hazle Brannon Smith, was the most recent. She said she felt her editorial stands, not popular here, were re- sponsible. Damage was set at $1500. 'No Evidence' In most church fires, officials report "no evidence" of arson. Discovery- of two torsoes 'in a Mississippi river offshoot was in- vestigated for more than three weeks. But the cases remain open with no new developments re- ported. When an FBI crime report was made public this summer pointing out that Mississippi had the low- est crime rate in the nation. Char- les Evers, brother of slain Negro civil rights leader Medgar, said the figures did not include crimes against Negroes. He said he knew of, at least 10 Negroes who met death in mys- terious ways and their murderers have never been caught. , WOMMMA" SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE OPEN MON. THRU FRI. Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre 10-1 and 2-5 p.m. PRESIDENT ANTONIO SEGNI tionalized. Businessmen lost con- fidence. The stock market feil from an index figure of 14,000 in August, 1960 to less than 6000 last month. It could get worse. The govern- ment warns that execessive wage demands could price workers right out of their jobs by forcing plants to close. Moro's Communist opponents threaten strikes and say he is favoring big business in dealing with the slump. The gov- ernment's rightist opponents sayn the stock market wrill 'not regain confidence until the Christian Democrat and Socialist coalition is broken. Just what the average Italian thinks of it all' may become evi-. dent before the year ends. Nation- wide municipal elections are scheduled in November. Local issues are expected to take a back seat to the way the economy, is going. . For RESULTS Read and Use Daily Classifieds r -_R Virginia -Desegregation begin- ining in 25 county and city school divisions, making 80 of 128 divi- .sions in the state with some -in- tegration. About 5000 Negroes at- tending once-white schools. Iii- eluded in new integration are Prince Edward County schools, re- opened after five years under Su- preme Court decree. r I 4 it;, ! ' i , II ; ; j YES,' RED'S IS OPEN 24 OR. High Quality lo w p rices. n y pa e i Ann Arbor Do buy Diamonds II i lI' i , I 4 ' 517 E. Williams ... 668-9251 4 I I AUSTIN I Free Film Diamonds I Thurs., Sept. 3 thru Wed., Sept. 16 QUARRY PHOTO will give a free roll of fresh film for each roll of black and white or KODACOLOR film left for developing and printing. NO LIMIT, including 135 KODACOLOR QUARRY PHOTO. .. 318 S. State 2 Farm Fresh Eggs, Country StyleToast With Jelly-38e E - - ' L.. I LAW BOOKS INFORMATION ON BEGINNING THIS WEEK ... GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS The Graduate School, with the cooperation of the Graduate School Council, announces an open meeting for undergraduate and graduate students interested in graduate fellowships for 1965-66. Campus faculty representatives will describe the major fellowship programs, including: You will find our store specially c ui pped to supply you with I TWO NON-CURRICULAR COURSES TUESDAY: American Culture and the Crisis of Identity. Tuesdays, Sept. 8-Nov. 24, 12:00-1:00 p m., Michigan League, Conference Room I, Luncheon 50c. Instructor: Mrs. Elizabeth H. Sumner. LAW- cace books and Supplies. I Our LAW section is staffed by ''; I University of Michigan Fellowships National Defense Education Act Rhodes, Marshall, Danforth National Science Foundation Woodrow Wilson, Fulbright-Hays law students to assist you. THURSDAY: otiornnrru is r r 11 I 11 lm 0