TUESDAY, 6 APRIL 1965 THE MIC HIGAN DA ILY

PAGE THREE

Soviets

Block Berlin

Autobahn, Defy Access

FBI Seizes Two on Spy
Charges;Sold Documents
WASHINGTON (R) - The FBI -Photos of a manual "contain-
seized two men yesterday and ing the schematic diagram of the
charged them with an 11-year electrical system of the Nike Ajax
conspiracy to sell United States missile and other classified man-
defense secrets to the Soviet Un- uals" from the missile training
ion. school at the Air Defense Center,

BERLIN (P)-Soviet jets roared
across Allied air corridors to Ber-
lin yesterday and the Communist
East Germans blocked the Berlin
Autobahn for three and one-half
hours in defiance of Western ac-
cess rights on the 110-mile high-
way through Communist territory.
Communist announcements said
the measures were taken in con-
nection with Soviet-East German
military maneuvers. Westerners
expressed belief, however, that the
Russians and East Germans were
acting in retaliation for West Ger-
many's plans to assemble its par-
liament and cabinet in West Ber-
lin tomorrow to emphasize its con-
tention the Communist-encircled
city is part of West Germany.
Communist jets maneuvered for
more than seven hours high over

Berlin and sonic booms thundered
down on the city.
French Sector
One Soviet jet fighter screamed
over the French sector's Tegel Air-
port-used by commercial aircraft
-at an altitude of about 300 feet.
Western officials claimed the buzz-
ing was a clear violation of air
safety rules agreed upon by the
Russians.
Hundreds of Soviet and East
German tanks, heavy artillery
pieces and motorized rockets units
rumbled over the countryside west
of Berlin as Communist police
blocked autobahn travel for the
first time since the Berlin block-
ade of 1948.
Travel on secondary roads from
Frankfurt and southern Germany
was permitted. Railroads ran nor-

INVOKE SIXTH AMENDMENT:
Court Asserts Defendant
Rights To Cross-Examine

WASHINGTON (AP) - The Su-
preme Court affirmed yesterday
the right of a defendant in a
state criminal case to face and
question witnesses against him.
Such confrontation is funda-
mental and essential to a fair trial
in all criminal proceedings, fed-E
U.S. Planes
Blast Viet
Installations
By The Associated Press
SAIGON, Viet Nam - United
States warplanes blasted the Vinh
Linh radar station and shot up
some North Vietnamese rolling
stock yesterday against ground
fire absent to moderate.
A U.S. spokesman said a fight-
er-bomber was downed, but the
pilot was recovered. The New
China News Agency, whose statis-
tics rarely agree with those re-
leased in Saigon, declared in a
broadcast dispatch that four of
the raiders were shot down and
many others damaged.
Communist Jet fighters, which
felled two American raiders Sun-
day, failed to show up in the
18th day in the series of aerial
attacks launched by the U.S. and
South Viet Nam Feb. 7.
66 Planes
A total of 66 U.S. Navy and
Air Force planes pursued the ef-
fort to slash away North Viet
Nam's support of the Viet Cong.
Escorted by a score of Cru-
sader and Phantom fighters ,they
truck that link in Hanoi's early
warning network with fiery Nap-
alm and 25 tons of general-pur-
pose bombs ranging from 250 to
1000 pounds. No ground fire was
noted.
A U.S. spokesman said the in-
stallation was heavily damaged.
Sixteen U.S. Air Force jets
made a 30-minute strike against
North Viet Nam's rail and high-
way traffic farther north with
canon fire and rockets.
Ambassador Taylor
U.S. Ambassador Maxwell D.
Taylor, returning from a week in
Washington, said his visit had
been good and useful.
In Washington, it was announc-
ed that President Lyndon B. John-
son will address the students and
ifaculty of the Johns Hopkins
University in Baltimore tomorrow
night on U.S. policy toward South-
east Asia.
In London ,the British govern-
ment released a majority report
of the three-nation International
Control Commission asking Brit-
ain and the Soviet Union to ar-
range for the commission's in-
spection teams to resume opera-
tions in North Viet Nam.
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eral and state, said Justice Hugo
L. Black for a unanimous Court.
Thus, what started out as a $3751
holdup case in Houston, Tex., in
June 1962, developed yesterday in-,
to another historic extension toa
the state level of federal rights
guaranteed by the Constitution's
Bill of Rights.
Gideon Decision
Two yearseago, in its Gideon,
decision, the Supreme Court de-
clared a defendant's right to an
attorney in all key stages of a
criminal proceedings is just as
obligatory upon the states as upon
federal courts under the U.S. Con-
stitution's Sixth Amendment.
"We hold today," wrote Black,
"that the Sixth Amendment's
right of an accused to confront
the witness against him is like-
wise a fundamental right."
The Sixth Amendment, part of
the ten-amendment Bill of Rights
added to the Constitution in the
early days of the nation, guaran-
tees an accused to be tried by a
speedy public trial by an impartial
jury, to be informed of the charges
against him and "to be confronted
with the witnesses against him," to
have compulsory process for ob-
taining witnesses in his favor and
to have an attorney.
Fourteenth Amendment
The Court said denial of a de-
fendant's rights to a lawyer and
to face one's accuser also violates
the Fourteenth Amendment, which
says no state may deny any per-
son equal protection or due pro-
cess of law.
Before starting a three-week
Easter recess, the Court also
agreed to review next fall the ob-
scenity convictions of Ralph Ginz-
berg and Edward Mishkin of New
York.

mal schedules. However, the West,
Berlin Barge Association said a
number of river and canal routes
were blocked.
Washington
In Washington, officials said the
Berlin developments were being
watched closely. They added that
the United States insists that the
Western Allies can use the three
20-mile-wide air corridors as they
please and that no interference,
under whatever pretext, will be tol-
erated.
State Department press officer
Marshall Wright said the U.S. has
rejected a Soviet attempt to re-
strict flights in the corridors to
certain altitudes.
"We made it clear that access
rights of the three Western powers
are unrestricted," he said.
USSRResponsible
He asserted the Soviet Union
will remain responsible for the
safety of Allied aircraft flying in
the corridors.
In East Berlin, President Wal-
ter Ulbricht met with Soviet Mar-
shal A. A. Grechko, commander of
the Warsaw Pact forces, in what
the East German news agency
ADN called a discussion of "cur-
rent developments and other ques-
tions of mutual interest."
The East Germans claim the
West Germans hav no right to
hold a parliament session in West
Berlin because, in the Communist
view, it is not part of the West.
The Communists said the session
could provoke international inci-
dents.
West German Parliament
The last time a West German
parliament met in West Berlin
was in October, 1958. A month la-
ter Nikita Khrushchev, then So-
viet premier, issued an ultimatum
for the U.S., Britain and France
to get out of Berlin within six
months or be forced out. He
never followed through.
East-West tension mounted anew
when East German guards slam-
med down the barriers on the au-
tobahn at 9:30 a.m. Monday. They
announced the highway would be
closed until 4 p.m. But at 1
p.m., the barriers were raised in
Berlin and an hour later they
went up at Helmstedt, on the west-
ern end.
The Communists gave no ex-
planation for cutting the block-
ade short. In West Berlin, how-
ever, there had been reports the
U.S. planned to send an armed
convoy up to the autobahn check-
point to test East German deter-
mination. There was speculation
the Russians ordered the blockade
lifted in order to avoid an armed
confrontation with the Americans.
In addition to blocking off the
autobahn, the Communists noti-
fied the Allies that because of
air maneuvers the three Allied air
corridors from West Germany
could not be used by Western air-
lines.

One, Army Sgt. Robert Lee
Johnson, was assigned to Army
Intelligence in West Berlin when
he allegedly began his $300-a-
month espionage career in 1953.
The other, James A. Mintken-
baugh, was recruited by Johnson
while also serving in Berlin, the
FBI said. It charged he later col-
lected secret data from Johnson
and transmitted it to the Soviets
through contacts in Washington-
all for between $250 and $350
monthly pay.
Johnson, 43, was arrested by
FBI agents at the Pentagon, where
he was assigned as a courier in
May, 1964.
Mintkenbaugh, 46, was picked
up at his brother's home in Cas-
tro Valley, Calif.
The detailed FBI complaint did
not explain it, but Johnson was
missing from his Pentagon job
for two months last fall. He turned
himself in, was court-martialed,
reduced in rank, fined $600 and
re-assigned to the Pentagon, an
FBI spokesman said.
At his arraignment in Alex-
andria, Va, Johnson was held in
lieu of $20,000 bail for preliminary
hearing April 15.
The two men are charged with
conspiring with each other and
a number of persons to spy for
the Soviet Union. Only Johnson
and Mintkenbaugh are actually
charged with the crime, for which
conviction carries a possible death
penalty.
The six and one-half-page com-
plaint said FB Iagents interview-
ed Johnson continuously between
Jan. 4 and last Friday and ques-
tioned Mintkenbaugh for five days
last January.
, The official complaint charges
Mintkenbaugh with picking up in-
formation, prior to 1959, from
Johnson and giving him, in ex-
change, his pay from the Soviets.
As a result, he transferred, from
Johnson to the Soviets:
--Photos of technical manuals
of the Los Angeles missile site and
of the site itself.

Ft. Bliss, Tex., where Johnson
had been transferred in April,
1958.
Johnson was transferred over-
seas in November 1959 and no
longer worked through Mintken-
baugh but through others.
From that time until April,
1964, he was successively assigned
to the Army ordnance agency at
Orleans, France; the armed forces
courier station at Orly Field, Paris,
and the classified control section
of the adjutant general divi-
sion of the Seine Area Command
in France.
Over those four and one-half
years, he transmitted via his con-
tacts:
--Classified information on an-
ti-tank missiles and data on the
mission of the ordnance command
at Orleans.
-Documents from sealed ,top-
secret envelopes at Orly, which
were photographed and returned
to him.
-Emergency Army plans-clas-
sified "secret"--from the Seine
Area Command.

MSU Not
Affected
By Report
(Continued from Page 1)
school will be ready to open. This
will be "definitely no later than
the fall of 1967."
Suggestion
The suggestion to postpone the
opening from the one scheduled
for fall of 1965 was made by a
joint accreditation committee of
the Association of American Med-
ical Colleges and the American
Medical Association.
The committee's site-visiting
team suggested that if MSU want-
ed an outstanding medidal school,
it should take more time to pre-
pare it. In November, the Board
Trustees took this action after a
recommendation by MSU Presi-
dent John A. Hannah.
Reasons
The four; reasons for delay were:
--A construction strike which
delayed the opening of three new
buildings from April 1 to June 1.
-The rate of new appointments.
-The readying of the curricu-
lum.
-The finalizing of arrange-
ments with Sparrow Hospital in
East Lansing for the use of their
facilities.

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this week

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LUNCH-DISCUS SION
TUESDAY, April 6, 12:00 Noon
U. M. International Center
SUBJECT:
"TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS
AND INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT"
(re-scheduled)
Speaker: Dr. Samuel Estep, Professor of Law

For reservations,
call 668-6076

Sponsored by the
Ecumenical Campus Center

at
FOLLETT'S
State St. at N. University

W..orld News Roundup
By The Associated Press
LONDON-British forces in Malaysia have been training South
Vietnamese troops in jungle warfare since 1961, Defense Secretary
Denis Healey told Parliament yesterday. The special courses in Malay-j
sia had been reported here for some time, but this was the first gov-
ernment confirmation.


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