Eliemligan Bal Seventy-Fifth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS : Each Time I Chanced To Sec Franklin D. Squeezing the University: What Will Be Left? by H. Neil Berkson WrethOpiionsreFr 420 MAYNARD ST., ANN ARBOR, MICH. NEWS PHONE: 764-0552 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. WEDNESDAY, 3 MARCH 1965 NIGHT EDITOR: LAUREN BAHR Education Budget-Making And State Politics. THE STATE LEGISLATURE is not the place where state educational prob- lems such as University involvement in Flint should be thrashed out. As far as the University is concerned, the central issue is one of maintaining educational standards. President Harlan Hatcher summed it up in his official statement before the Flint Board of Edu- cation and the Regents. "Does the state of Michigan wish to maintain its Univer- sity in this critical period at its previous and present level of distinguished serv- ice?" Gov. George Romney's office has apparently answered "No." The arguments on why the "present lev- el of distinguished service" could not be maintained without the requested funds are going to be rehearsed many times in the coming weeks. The crucial problem is one of maintaining the quality of the faculty and, through additions, its abil- ity to handle the current flood of under- graduates and a soon-to-come flood of prospective graduate students. , HIGHER EDUCATION has become a very valuable commodity. Those who are able to supply it, faculty, are much sought after. Salaries are spiraling. To in- crease salaries and expand the faculty at the same time to meet the "challenge of numbers" is going to cost prohibitive amounts. One professor-administrator here has estimated that there are cur- rently 200 faculty members ready to leave if higher pay isn't forthcoming. Unfortunately, the University's budget request will not be decided according to the validity of these educational argu- ments. Neither will President Hatcher's question on maintaining "distinguished service" receive the deliberation it de- serves. Since such questions must be decided in the political arena of the Legislature, the determining considerations will be poli- tical, not educational. When blood is shed, sound, relevant rargument is always the first to suffer. Politically, the University's position does not have a great deal to rec- ommend it. THE LEGISLATURE'S preeminent con- cern can be loosely defined as the "general welfare" of the state as a whole. This need by no means coincides with the interests of the University argued in an educational and not a state political con- text. Three examples can be given. First, while the University is making prodigious efforts to increase its undergraduate en- rollment, the increase, however it af- fects the University internally and how- ever much money it costs, pales beside the statewide increase in undergraduate en- rollment. One can argue that qualitative differ- ences as well as quantitative differences are important in undergraduate educa- tion. Such an argument cannot be pur- sued in the political arena of the Legisla- ture with any hope of achieving care- fully and intelligently deliberated conclu- sions. THE SECOND EXAMPLE relates to the high costs of the graduate education that the University is so proud of. The pride is justified. But how does one ex- plain away in political terms the fact that in 1962 2,396 PhD's were employed in Michigan, whereas at that time there were 3,157 PhD's around the country that were educated in the state. This is a deficit of about 760. About three-fourths of these received their degrees from the University. In other words, much of that money for high-cost, graduate education is an investment in PhD's for California, Massachusetts and other states. Finally, it is going to be difficult to ex- plain to a political body that the $6-8 mil- lion that the University receives every year for indirect costs of research is un- related to the general funds budget ap- propriated from Lansing. Administrators apparently consider these funds irrele- vant, for no mention of either the re- ceipt or dispersal of this large amount of money is made in either the financial statement or the budget request. GIVEN THE MANY unknowns about this year's new Legislature operating under a new constitution, forecasting must be hazardous. But it does not seem likely that the educational arguments for more money for what is a distinctly national, even international, university will fare very well in the political arena. -ROBERT JOHNSTON THE UNIVERSITY is in the process of getting squeezed on all sides, and no one is going to come out looking very well. Externally, Lansing seeks to limit the quality of operations here without limiting quantity. With few individual exceptions the executive branch, Legislature and State Board of Education are all competing to lead the University in the wrong direction. Internally, pressures for growth (particularly from research-oriented units) conflict with pressures to "hold the line" and even contract. And as Lansing remains ambivalent, refusing to commit itself to any long-range planning, the conflict rages unresolved. THE GOVERNOR, elements of the board and in- dividual legislators all want the University to stand still so they can devote "time" (measured in years) to a "study" of the entire structure of higher education in the state. At this point it little matters that the gov- ernor's "blue ribbon" commitee was supposed to have been doing just that for nearly two years. This com- mittee's final report, which has been delayed time and again, is apparently going to be worthless. If the enrollment situation wasn't so urgent there would be time for another report by the new state board, John Dale Russell or anyone else. The time, how- ever, is no longer there. The crowded dorms and class- rooms which seemed so burdensome last September will seem spacious next fall, and more so the fall after that. The University is going to suffer the heaviest crush of freshman confusion in the next two to three years. Any plans which place these years in limbo are simply whimsical. RECOGNIZING THIS, the University has been been planning physical plant expansion since the Regents purchased the first parcel of North Campus 15 years ago. Moreover, since its establishment in 1962, the Office of Academic Affairs has made exhaustive studies of the expansion potential of each school and college through 1975. Its projection of 50,000 students by that year may not be satisfactory. but at least the Uni- versity has a realistic framework within which to work. It has a valid framework. that is, only if Lansing will remove the incredible financial pressure to which it has subjected the University since 1957. The University has met its responsibilities where Lansing hasn't. A "stop" order on Flint when the plans have been public for over a year and 126 freshmen are already admitted or a sharply reduced budget which is justified solely on head-counting methods which are universally recog- nized as misleading, only adds to Lansing's negligence. THE UNIVERSITY will not nurture itself forever in the atmosphere of tension in which it has been en- veloped for eight years. The top faculty will go else- where. the teacher-student ratio will rise and facilities will grow even more overused. The institution will sur- vive, but at what cost? IF ITS ALWAYS darkest before the dawn, SGC's March ritual will soon be the official harbinger of spring. Nevertheless, a properly-conducted SGC election would leave the Council without any means to publicize itself, forcing Daily editorial writers to find evil elsewhere. With everything, including the number of people who should have been elected to office, still in doubt at this- writing, only two thoughts arise: -Whether or not the GROUP candidates (who grow increasingly petty) are disqualified, the rumor that Sherry Miller is "out to get them" couldn't be more ridiculous. While her politics rarely coincide with mine, Miss Miller has put in two hard years of productive Council work and is somewhat less than vindictive; -Gary Cunningham deserves congratulations, but prayer might be more useful. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Disturbing Statistics and i' ,Mb iSy,dia*. i ~ri 1 _"I' I)l, ~14r I 17711 I St ]' lit To Y ge fir Ar is in pu Cc an pa M nil me ce toi ed sti ha mf an sei ho at pe be ad of ba wi ha ._... ...... . .- - ... - - - }i Show State in the Lead the Editor: In building an effective trimes- -OUR EDITORIAL regarding ter system, faculty pay must come Michigan State (Feb. 28) sug- first, not last. sts that perhaps the light is -H. Paul Schwitzgebel, Grad nally beginning to shine on Ann bor. TidSd Seditious as it may seem, MSU Thir Sid indeed ahead of the University To the Editor: many categories. The recently blished "Profile of American QATURDAY'S DAILY had a front olleges and Universities" lists page story concerning Profes- nong others two which must be sors Molnar and Smythe of Brook- rticularly embarrassing to the lyn University and their differ- aize and Blue. They are fresh- ences of opinion over South Afri- en admission standards and per- ca's racial policies at a recent ntage of instructors with doc- NSA sponsored seminar. Unfor- rates. Both show MSU with an tunately I did not attend that ge. particular meeting, but The Daily The University has been . and did such a fine job of summariz- ill is an excellent institution. It ing the viewpoints, that I 'feel s come dangerously close to qualified to comment. aking itself a laughing stock As usual in today's controversies, nong impartial educational ob- only two sides were presented- rvers during the past 10 years, the left-wing side and the con- wever, because of its paranoiac servative side. Smythe is opposed titude toward its biggest com- to apartheid and suggests that we titor. discuss the problem and its * * causes-"Run to the conference A LARGE UNIVERSITY must table," I suppose, which is the a living, changing body that typical left-wing solution. Molnar, apts itself to the unmet needs as a conservative, supports the the times. MSU has taken the South African policy, implement- 1l in this respect and run away ed, of course, with "Bantustand" th it. The University apparently -a policy of political racial sep- s not. aration with "economic" ties. Manv is the time I have been * * * .,.... ..,. .... , .,.,. ,. _ .,r .... f f 1 "Oh, Oh! It Looks Like Another Major Policy Statement Coming Up!" Kirk Vs. Hayden on Poverty RUSSELL KIRK Monday night gave a Rackham Lecture Hall audience a "conservative view" of poverty in Amer- ica. During the "reactor panel" discussion afterwards, Kirk and Thomas Hayden, a former editor of The Daily, clearly indi- cated their irreconcilable differences. Hayden works for the Economic Re- search and Action Project in Newark, New Jersey. His chosen vocation consists in organizing the poor, economically and politically. His argument was that until the poor are organized-and thus are able to make their presence felt in American life-the poor will continue to be short- changed. Kirk argued that private char- ity and church work should be used to help the poor, not organization. HAYDEN'S VIEW was much closer to the truth than Kirk's. Several specific ex- amples can be used to show that only through organizing the poor can the basic injustices of American society by cor- rected.I The first example demonstrates the need for economic organization. Some of the most mistreated workers in the West- ern world are the migratory harvest workers of the American Southwest. Their jobs provide no security, little chance for advancement and only seasonal employ- ment which they must follow back and forth over large stretches of country. Kirk's "private charity and church work" have gone on among them for years. Three years ago an effort by Detroit labor interests to organize these workers failed, partly because of the transitory nature of their employment and the large turnover in their work force. But the main cause for the failure of this organiz- ing effort was that employers fought it tooth and nail with all their economic resources. They knew that if the organiz- ing succeeded, the workers would be in. a unified economic position and able to ganization, as the following examples show. Appalachia continues to be a wretched area of unemployment and des- pair for millions of those who live there. The coal companies, fighting a losing battle in a declining industry, are too busy looking out for themselves to care about the workers they underpay and lay off. The labor unions there have some pow- er, but not the power to create jobs. Mass population shifts and/or manpower re- training are imperative to a solution of Appalachia's problems; the only agency capable of these things-the federal gov- ernment-is not moving nearly quickly enough. Why is this? A great deal of the reason is because the poor just don't get out and vote. They can hardly expect help from a government which did not need their votes to get into office. If the poor make themselves a unified political force, they can expect more attention, for they will have a bloc of votes to bargain with. H AYDEN USED another example him- self in the debate. The federal gov- ernment subsidizes the owners of large cotton interests in the Mississippi which, through economic pressure, help main- tain the structure of elite white suprem- acy there. If the federal government were truly concerned with the interests of the poor -both white and Negro-in Mississippi, it would use its power there to stop this. The only way out of this problem, Hay- den argued, is to force the federal govern- ment to do something by making the poli- tical voice of Mississippi's poor heard in the land. And this can only be done through organization. KIRK RAISED two interesting issues after Hayden emphasized the need for organization. First, he said, the poor are very hard to organize-nerhans imnossi- TODAY AND TOMORROW: Both Diplomacy and Force introduced to a University student or graduate and met the same response: "It's too bad you could not have gone to Michigan." To an ;MSU graduate this is particu- larly annoying and frustrating. It's also naturally resented. What propaganda line is worth its weight if it brings about so par- rot-like and unthinking a state- ment? The statistics - may be discom- forting but they are there. The first step to erasing them is to admit they exist. Should the Uni- versity fail, it may well be that we will bury you. -Walter Nadeau Detroit Faculty Pay To the Editor: ROBERT HIPPLER'S Feb. 27 editorial, "Summer Pay Scale: The Faculty Is Wrong" in effect says: since few courses will be offered and the projected attend- ance is low, the administration is justified in offering the faculty only 88 per cent of what it would get for teaching any other term. I suggest that students will not enroll until there are adequate course offerings. Courses will not be offered without a faculty to teach thom. A reduced salary scale for teaching during the spring- summer term will not attract the faculty. I MIGHT SUGGEST that a third side be presented-the (true) liberal or libertarian side. Prof. W. H. Hutt of the University of Cape Town has taken just this position in a recent book entitled The Economics of the Colour Bar (Andre Deutsch, London, 1964). His book fully documents the liberal-libertarian thesis that gov- ernment intervention in the free market is the only method which can achieve racial separation, and that the policy of laissez-faire is the only method of achieving ra- cial harmony. In South Africa the interven- tions included: labor union em- powerment, wage and hour restric- tion, government labor arbitra- Dion, and others--mostly inter- ferences with the labor market. As a solution, he recommends removing the restrictions on the labor market and on personal mo- bility, while waiting to give Ban- tus the franchise. PROFESSOR MOLNAR should learn, along with his collegues in the National Review crowd, that yexcept for color, Negroes aren't any different from white folks. Professor Smythe should learn that the only way to rid ourselves of racial inequality is through the policies of liberal-libertarian eco- nomics-that is, through the pol- icy of "laissez-faire, laissez pas- ser." --Thomas S. Anderson, '68 By WALTER LIPPMANN LTHOUGH it is hard on the nerves to wait and watch the Asian crisis without having a full account from the President of his plans, there are good reasons for his not speaking out at this time. The main reason is that the Presi- dent is quite evidently following a policy which combines diplomacy and force. Such a policy cannot be con- ducted by telegraphing in advance his punches and his political moves. For at this stage in this kind of diplomacy every party is bound to reject every proposal that any other party makes. In the end, the less rejecting there has been, the less disastrous the situation is likely to become. IT IS A MISREADING, I be- lieve, of the realities to picture the President as having a clear- cut choice between expanding the war and negotiating peace. He has expanded the war under rigid con- trols, but he has expanded it. The test of any extension of the war is whether it produces a negotia- tion. Since a peace cannot be dic- tated in Asia either by the United States or by China, the real ques- tion is how, whether and when the eventual negotiation can be set going. For the President to announce that he intends to devastate North Viet Nam by a rolling bomber offensive would almost surely pre- cipitate China, and probably also the Soviet Union, onto the side of North Viet Nam. It would be a black day in American history if the President adopted this line. have worked with us if South Viet Nam collapses. It must therefore be a primary concern of any American policy for a settlement in Viet Nam to insure the protec- tion of the lives of those whom we have been helping in this war. This would mean that there should be no American withdrawal before or during the negotiations for a settlement. In the meanwhile, we must do what we can to find some kind of stabilization among the warring factions in South Viet Nam. To find the combination of Buddhists, Catholic, generals, bureaucrats and students which could hold South Viet Nam together for the eventual negotiation is one of our greatest preoccupations. (c), 1965, The washington Post Co. UNIVERSITY AID: Let's Help Suffering Ann Arbor Merchants The Falling-Domino Example By ROGER RAPOPORT THE TIME has come for the University to cease its irre- sponsible lack of concern for the welfare of the Ann Arbor business- men. Students have a voice through their Student Government Council, the faculty has a spokes- man in the University Senate, but local businessmen have no one to stand up for their rights. Recognizing this, the University should establish a new office, the Vice-President for Ann Arbor Businessman's Affairs. The new vice-president would take charge of planning and implementing means to help the struggling local merchants make more money. Naturally this would be a dif- ficult job. CONSTRUCTIVE action is need- ed to eliminate economic injustices norofo e' cain+ thn ,or!h nt the realtors fight against flagrant economic exploitation. All eight- month leases should be abolished. Instead, houses and apartments should be sold to students. Why should the harassed realtors have to be bothered with an annual search for new tenants? Aid to local bookstores, widely known for earning meager profits, is a necessity. For example, out of the kindness of their hearts the bookmen offer as much as 30 per cent of the original price for dog- eared yellow-highlighted texts and then sell them back for only 75 per cent. A 10-90 ratio would be much more equitable. EVENTUALLY, as the vice-pres- ident's job grows, perhaps an en- tire Office of Ann Arbor Business- man's Affairs could be established, situated in a facility near the