POVERTY AND AUTOMATION See Editorial Page Y L .Ai'tA6V tgaYi ~~Iaiti COLD, CLOUDY High--40 Low-5 Snow flurries possible; winds from 12-30 m.p.h. Seventy-Four Years of Editorial Freedom VOL. L XV, No. 125 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SUNDAY, 21 FEBRUARY 1965 SEVEN CENTS EIGHT PAGES In SD-a In Selma O le Wins Tax Vote -Associated Press JUST BEFORE RANGER 8 crashed on the, moon yesterday, this picture was taken from an altitude of 2400 feet. One of the spacecraft's last pictures shows an area 400 x 300 feet, the smallest crater being five feet in diameter. One scientist supposes that the moon's surface is covered with lava-like material that would make walking hazardous. Another scientist says that the surface might be hard. tudy Ranger Moon Close-Ups PASADENA, Calif. (P)-Range 8 sent to earth yesterday a se ries of pictures of the moon' surface. Scientists marveled, bu disagreed in interpreting them. Ranger 8 smashed at 1:57 a.mr into the dusty plain, only 15 mile from its original target point. Fo 23 minutes it sent back picture expected to total more than 7000 nearly ;twice as many as the his toric firstbatch of moonhclose ups returned by Ranger, 7 las July. Ranger 7 photographed a different lunar sea 1000 miles west. A bonus from Ranger 8 wa that its cameras, by operating 1 minutes longer than Ranger 7' and beginning much farther out photographed a broad sweep o rugged terrain rimming the Sea o Tranquility. Ranger Ts shot show ed only the sea it landed in. News Conference A group of experts, taking turn addressing a news conference a the Jet Propulsion Laboratory which makes and guides the Ran- gers, said that the quality oj yesterday's pictures is at least as good as those of Ranger 7. Dr. Kuiper, of the Universit3 of Arizona, said he saw evidenc that much of the moon's surface is covered with lava-like material He added that "We can expect that if this material is lava it wil be shot through with caverns and tunnels. "This could be very tricky and treacherous. A man could take a step forward and the tunnel would give way, and he would fall into a big hole or cavern. First Astronauts "It may be that the first astro- nauts would be wise to carry long poles to probe the surface ahead of them to be sure it would hold their weight. "We know that it is treacherous to walk on old lava flows inHa- waii, and we have to assume that the same conditions may be pres- ent on the moon." At another point, he remark- ed that "it's impossible to say from pictures taken overhead just how strong the moon's surface may be, but my guess is that it has the strength of rock melted in a vacuum-an experiment we have conducted at the University of Arizona in an attempt to sim- ulate conditions on the moon. Frothy Material "Under heat and in a vacuum Seek Deep Sea Atomic Power WASHINGTON ()-A compact atomic power plant is being pro- posed for superdeep-diving sub- marine rescue and research ve- hicles, official reports indicate. Almost inexhaustible nuclear power for such vehicles could mean a breakthrough in a major problem existing both in scientific oceanography and in search and rescue operations such as those conducted for the lost submarine Thresher. Present deep submergence craft, like the Trieste used in the Thresher search and in ocean- ographic exploration, are sharply limited in mobility and dive en- durance by their use of ordinary storage batteries as the power Struggles SELMA (A'--Negroes predict that tomorrow could be "D-Day" for civil rights in Selma as they await replies to an ultimatum and the arrival of their leader, Martin Luther King, Jr. King planned to address a mass rally tomorrow night and might lead a parade in the morning, timed to coincide with the regu- lar session of the Selma city coun- cil. Wilson Baker public safety di- rector, claimed ysterday that it was too late to issue Negroes a parade permit. A Negro spokes- man' maintained that a request for such a permit was made by registered mail Saturday, but Bk- er said he had not received the letter. No Night Marches In Montgomery, Gov. George C. Wallace ordered state troopers to join city and county officials in preventing night marches. "This action is taken under the police power of the state," Wallace said, "anid is for the purpose of safeguarding all the people of af- fected areas. This is the same ac- tion taken by New York City in banning nighttime demonstrations and marches." The governor also said that "any demonstrations evidently conduct- ed for the purpose of creating a breach of the peace will bestop- ped." He did not say whether this would include daytime dem- onstrations. No Recurrence He said that his ban against night marches was to prevent any recurrence of violence such as occurred at Marion Thursday night. Planned demonstrations were put off for the weekend by Ne- groes, who have been pushing a voter registration drive for five weeks. Baker, the city's highest rank- ing law enforcement officer, per- suaded 300 .Negroes Friday night not to stage what he termed a potentially dangerous night march But he was handed several de- mands when he conferred after- wards with Negro leaders. Hosea Williams, staff member of King's Southern Christian Leadership Conference, said Baker was given until tomorrow to an- swer, "or we return to the streets." Negro Advises Republicans To Back Riohts WASHINGTON () - Negro Atty. Gen. Edward W. Brooke of Massachusetts urged Republicans yesterday to take down the "out- siders not wanted" sign and launch a drive for racial equality in the South. Without naming Barry Gold- water, the party's top elected Negro official rejected the GOP presidential nominee's brand of conservatism and called on Re- publicans to join in "a new be- ginning." "We've got to not only take down the sign 'outsiders not want-1 ed,' but we've got to put up the sign 'all are welcome in the Re- publican Party,'" Brooke told conservative - minded Young Re-; publicans at a political training; school. Brooke drew murmurs of dis- sent when he charged Republi- cans turned their back on civil rights in 1964 in a gamble for white blacklash votes. '> -Associated Press - GENERAL NGUYEN KHANII, shown here as he received news of the rebel surrender yesterday, was again ousted from power yesterday afternoon by a military faction led by Gen. Nguyen Chanh Thi. Thi rose in rank in the armed forces after Khanh took power 13 months ago and led a vote of no confidence after rescuing Khanh from the latest coup. Viet Nam Military Fells Khanh; U.S. Still Opposes Negotiations _. , . , t In GOP Convention Feud " . " ,R;Voice, Hand -Associated Press PICTURES LIKE THIS will "speed the day when men will land on the moon," according to Prof. William H. Pickering of the Jet Propulsion Laboratories at Cal Tech. "Further study will show us what kind of craft will be needed to make safe landings on the moon," he said. this material blows up into a fro- thy material of very low density, about one-tenth of the density of water." Ewen A. Whitaker, Kuiper's as- sociate, said that he thought the surface could support a manned landing vehicle. The surface, he said, probably was a foamy out- flow from fissures and craters and that over thousands of years thiE had been broken into tiny bits by the impact of meteorites. If the dust that seems to cover the moon originated in this man- ner, he said, it probably would be- come compact enough under the weight of a landing ship to make landings feasible. Whitish Button Prof. Harold Urey of the TTni-. versity of California at La Jolla, another member of the board of experts, commented that "sev- eral craters seem to show a whit- ish button at the bottom. This' indicates there may be very hard material underneath." Urey estimated the depth . of some craters at 50 to 60 feet. This might indicate the maximum depth of soft dust-like material he believes covers the surface, he suggested. Eugene Shoemaker, another team member, added that he does not believe the strength of the surface can be told from pictures. A major conclusion, hesaid, is that the surfaces of the seas where Rangers 7 and 8 hit "seem to be substantially the same." DifferenceI Experts gave these reasons for the difference between pictures from Rangers -7 and 8: -Achievement of a low tra- jectory that allowed 23 minutes of photographing, 13 more than orig- inally expected and 10 minutes more than accomplished by Ran- ger 7; -Two more sensitive cameras and a brighter, apparently "clean- er" landing field than Ranger i edge about the lunar surface; further study will show us what kind of craft will be needed to ,make safe landings." E. M. Cortwright, deputy asso- ciate administrator for space sciences of the U.S. Space Agency, said Rangers 7 and 8 both showed that many areas of the moon are level enough for landings. Support? "Now the big question is to de- termine whether any part of the moon's surface is able to support a landing vehicle." Ranger 7's pictures showed a generally flat landscape, with many craters of various sizes ranging down to 18 inches across. The rounded nature of topogra- phical features is what led many scientists to believe the surface was covered with dust. Plans are moving full speed ahead for three major launchings in the next five weeks which are to advance the nation nearer the objective. Ranger 8 photographed the moon exactly three years after astronaut John H. Glenn's orbital flight committed the United States to a manned lunar landing. By The Associated Press SAIGON-Military leaders who rescued Lt. Gen. Nguyen Khanh from South Viet Nam's latest coup turned on his yesterday with a vote of no confidence and decided to strip him of power, sources reported. Despite the continuing political crisis in Saigon, the Johnson ad- ministration was reported firmly resisting all efforts by allied gov- ernments to involve it in imme- diate negotiations over a Viet- namese peace settlement. Moving into Khanh's spot as the national strong man appeared to be Brig. Gen. Nguyen Chanh Thi who rose quickly in the armed forces after Khanh took power 13 months ago. Long Voyage Khanh vanished from Saigon at noon Saturday and sources said he was on "a long voyage." Informants said 15 young gen- erals met with the government's' civilian premier Pham Huy Quat, Saturday afternoon at Bien Hoa air base, 12 miles north of Saigon, and there turned thumbs down on Khanh. The group expressed con- fidence in Quat's government, in- stalled Tuesday. United States administration leaders expressed relief that the uprising had ended without blood- shed and hoped for political sta- bility. Communists Confident The administration believes that the Communists are confident they are winning and are not prepared to negotiate on terms acceptable to the U.S. and South Viet Nam, although a peace conference is said to be the ultimate U.S. stra- tegy aim. President Lyndon B. Johnson stated the U.S. position to French Foreign Minister Maurice Couve de Murville Friday. The French diplomat, who favors a U.S. peace bid to the Communists, wound up three days of discussions here in a final session with Secretary of State Dean Rusk yesterday. Thi, formerly commander of the 4th corps in upper South Viet Nam, became commander of the armed forces in. Saigon. He gave the 15 leaders of Friday's coup 24 hours to surrender or face military trials. Coup Leaders Hiding Thi said that the coup leaders, including Lam Van Phat and Col. Pham Ngoc Thao, formerly as- signed to the South Vietnamese embassy in Washington, had gone into hiding. A search for them had been started, Informants said the rush of the Thi group to save Khanh was not so much to keep Khanh in power but to prevent the Thao group from taking over. Thao got sup- port from Lt. Gen. Tran Van Khiem, Vietnamese ambassador to Washington, whose status re- mains uncertain. U.S. sources said the American effort in Friday's maneuvering in Saigon was aimed solely at pre- venting fighting from breaking out and is not involved in the present political pockeying within the army. One happy note in an otherwise unhappy situation, in the U.S. view, was continuation of the existing civilian government. Large-scale U.S. aid is continuing and talks with the civilian gov- ernment are being stepped up. In other action, by far the big- gest haul of weapons, ammunition and supplies for the Viet Cong was uncovered yesterday near a remote cove 240 miles northeast of Saigon where a vessel was sighted and sunk earlier in the week. Officials estimated 80 tons of armaments- much of it Russian and Chinese- had fallen into government hands. "This is one link of the massive chain introducing weapons into South Viet Nam. This is one of the reasons why we and our American allies have had to take the actions we have taken," Gen. Luu Lan, commander of the 23rd Division, explained. This was a reference to retalia- tory air strikes in North Viet Nam and jet attacks on Viet Cong supply lines in Laos. U.S. sources said the apparent buildup of Communist arms along the coast may coincide with re- ports that increased numbers of guerrillas have been infiltrating from North Viet Nam in the past 30 days. Votes Cause. Controversy Elly Peterson Elected New State Chairman; Sen. Murphy Speaks By SCOTT BLECH Special To The Daily LANSING-Gov. George Rom- ney gained overwhelming support for his fiscal reform policy yes- terday with a strong speech that crushed a coalition's movement to amend the GOP state convention resolution that supported the gov- ernor's stand. What seemed like a routine convention changed suddenly when the 14th-district faction initiated a heated floor discussion on dele- gate Robert G. Hatchen's propos- ed amendment. The amendment called for a state-wide referendum on any tax reform proposals. Romney's 15-minute speech which he said afterwards "either works or we're through," evident- ly convinced the delegation. They backed him by a vote of 1279-239. Seconding Speeches Hatchen's proposal set off a series of seconding speeches, one by an old Romney foe, Richard Durant of Grosse Pointe. A voice vote was then called and conven- tion chairman Frederick O. Rouse, Jr. of the St. Clair County Re- publican Committee ruled that the Hatchen motion was defeated. The close voice vote that had oc- curred resulted in loud objections to Rouse's decision. Temporary parliamentarian Nor- man E. Philleo then ruled that tellers take a hand vote, but this was overruled in favor of a roll- call vote when delegate Patrick Kitsman pointed out that in a hand vote it is impossible to dis- tinguish between a delegate and an alternate. Romney forces, led by retiring chairman Arthur G. Elliott, Jr. and delegate Lawrence B. Lind- emer, then delayed the roll-call vote in favor of hearing Sen. George Murphy's (R-Cal) - speech to the convention. Romney follow- ed by making, a personal plea to the delegation before the vote was taken. Defense The governor then delivered his speech in defense of his position. "If this amendment is adopted, you can kiss goodbye the future of the Republican Party in the United States," he shouted. "If this state does not get tax reform now-and I mean now- we will risk being plunged back into the very type of financial difficulty that caused us to lose our reputation in 1958 and 1959." He emphasized on several oc- casions the necessity of achieving fiscal reform in order to finance programs that otherwise would be in the hands of the federal gov- ernment. "We must keep the re- sponsibility here. Every time we let Washington give educational aid," he pointed out, "we get one dollar back for every two dollars we give." Taking Blame Romney stressed the importance of not putting the state party in the position of "taking blame" for problems that may arise if a tax reform is not achieved until after November 1966. With the Republi- cans a minority in the state Leg- islature, he said, failure to gain fiscal reform would only mean a Democratic failure. "If Romney was bound by the party by the referendum amend- ment, the Republican Party could be blamed for the deficit that would probably result," observed National Committeeman J o h n Martin after the convention. Chairman The tax dispute was followed by the unanimous election of Mrs. Elly Peterson of Charlotte as the new Republican State Central Committee Chairman. She became the nation's first woman GOP state chairman and received .the support of the largest off-year Michigan Republican Convention -over 3000 delegates and alter- Civil Rights Commission Reports Encouraging Signs JACKSON, Miss. UP)-The United States Civil Rights Commission yesterday reported encouraging signs amid "extremely serious and unwarranted denials of voting and law enforcement" in Mississippi. John Hannah, chairman of the six-member commission and president of Michigan State University, summarized commission opinions as 10 days of public and private hearings ended. After hearing from some 100 Negro and white Mississippians, Hannah said that "Despite some encouraging signs of change, many Tax on Graduate Study V aries Eammgmagamassesammammgmas#mgsmam mgm2 m m e EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the first of a series of articles which Will appear from time to time in The Daitly on questions of special interest to graduate stu- dents. The writers are the presi- dent and former president, re- spectively, of Graduate Student Council. By JAMES McEVOY and LAWRENCE PHILLIPS Graduate students. who re- ceive fellowships, scholarships and academic prizes are not subject to paying federal in- come tax on these awards. The University usually does not de- ruct withholding taxes from taxable income is whether or not the research or teaching is required and is primarily in- tended for the purpose of train- ing and educating the recip- ient or grantee. Nature Irrelevant The nature of the teaching or research is irrelevant as long as it meets this requirement. That is, a research assistant on a project under contract to the government may still qualify for the exemption. On form 1040 he may report his total income on line 7 and subtract on line 8 listing your adjusted their eligibility for an exemp- tion for these reasons should consult their advisor or de- partment chairman-and save a great deal of money. Degree Candidates Candidates for degrees, that is, those students who are en- rolled in the University and expect to obtain degrees (not only those who are formally "accepted to candidacy" by Rackham or some other gradu- ate school) are not limited in the amount of a grant that they can exclude from their taxable income. income. If you receive $7 month, you are taxed on $4 Fulbright grants for t ing or lecturing are cons ed taxable, and cannot claimed as tax-exempt fo income because it is paid United S t a t e s govern agency. On the other 1 Fulbright awards for stud research are non-taxabl whole or in part, deper upon whether or not the cipient is a candidate for gree. Teachers pursuing grad study solely for the purpo of Mississippi's Negro citizens con- tinue to face extremely serious and unwarranted denials in voting and law enforcement. "There are still places in Mis-