Community
EDITOR'S NOTE. This is the first of four articles on the college program
community college movement in Michigan. The remaining of the poulat
three articles, appearing on the editorial page beginning to-hpOpuati
morrow, will evaluate various types of community colleges and Other state
the theory behind them. ing the examp
By BRUCE WASSERSTEIN as the Higher1
$50.6 million in
The recent approval by Ann Arbor voters of the makes possible
plan to establish a Washtenaw Community College without the lo
brings the issue of community colleges close to home., the cost,
Although few people associated with the University For exampl
have had contact with this modern American phenom- in the planned
enon, it is becoming quite apparent that the commtnity to pay only $1
college is emerging as the most familiar institution of cost of educati
higher education. paid for by lo
will be paid foi
There are already 500 public two-year colleges in What acco
the United States. Last year 25 per cent of all students college concept?
entering college matriculated at these community col- The mode
leges. By 1970, 80 per cent of all students entering college American educ
will attend community colleges, according to "The sity.
Saturday Review." Based on t
Already in California 84 per cent of college fresh- munity college1
men and sophomores are enrolled in two year public of the lacks of
institutions. Florida is rapidly expanding its community Frank P. Merlo

Colleg
n and officials estimate that 70 per cent
on live within a local college district.
s and the federal government are follow-
les of these two pacesetters. Such bills
Education Facilities Act, which disperses
z federal aid funds to community colleges,
the establishment of local institutions
cal community completely underwriting
le, it is estimated that parents of students
Washtenaw Community College will have
50 in tuition of the estimated $600 yearly
ng their child. $176 of the cost will be
cal taxes, and the rest of the expenses
r by federal and state aid prograins.
ounts for the rise of the community
rn community college is a product of
ational philosophy and economic neces-
he concept of education for all, the corn-
has found a niche in our society because
the conventional educational system. As
, Associate Director of Field Studies and

A

Fact

Research at Rutgers' Graduate School of Education,
wrote, "the limited educational goal of preparing a few
people for a few professions is no longer realistic. The
goal of higher education has been expanded to include
training adults of all ages for hundreds of professional
and semi-professional occupations."
In our complex society there are many occupations
which require training beyond the high school level
but for which there is no need for a conventional four-
yegr college education. The training of people for such
occupations is one of the goals of community colleges.
Junior colleges also respond to the economic needs
of our society by providing an inexpensive two year
program in liberal arts. After completion of such a
program, a student may transfer to a regular four year
institution.
Since community colleges supposedly adhere, to the
principle of "open door" admission policies, anyone
who is a local high school graduate may enroll. Thus
the local two-year institution alleviates the conflict
of the relatively high admission standards of conven-
tional four year colleges and the desire of students who
have not done work of high academic calibre in high
school for higher education.

COMMUNITY COLLEGE GROWTH in the state between 1955 and 1960 is illustrated above. Even
this unprecedented rate of growth has since been aurpassed, with two more colleges now in full oper-
ation. In addition to these 18, Oakland and Monroe counties plan to open colleges this year, Gogebic
county plans a college by 1967 and Montcalm and Washtenaw counties have recently begun planning
colleges.



COURSE GRADES:
ANY ALTERNATIVE?
See Editorial Page


1MW&

Iait60

CLOUDY
High-10
Low=- -2
Colder with scattered
snow flurries

Seventy-Four Years of Editorial Freedom
VOL. LXXV, No. 105 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, 29 JANUARY 1965 SEVEN CENTS

EIGHT PAGES

DefiInes Concerns
Of State Board
By LEONARD PRATT
"The State Board of Education is not currently concerned with
higher education finances," Judson Foust, president of Central
Michigan University, said yesterday, in apparent contradiction to
previous statements by board members themselves.
Foust's opinion was verified by other members of the Michigan
Coordinating Council for Public Higher Education who attended
the council's meeting with the State Board of Education in Lansing
Tuesday.

Petition Thrown Out*Ta*Es&1 Phi Chanter
By Berkeley Court

I

By CLARENCE FANTO
A municipal court has thrown out a petition signed by 137
University of California-Berkeley faculty members asking that charges
against 814 student demonstrators be dropped.
Judge Rupert Crittendon disallowed the motion Wednesday as
the students who participated in last fall's "free-speech" demonstra-
tions prepared to begin pleading their cases. Formal hearings in the
court begin Feb. 2.
The university administration has taken no disciplinary action
against the students. Prof. Neil Smelser, appointed to the newly-

To Return

This Semester

PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION:
Jornson Offers Amendments

The meeting was the first

GOV. GEORGE ROMNEY

confrontation between the board,
charged with the "planning and
coordination" of higher educa-
tion, and the coordinating coun-
cil, composed of the presidents
and governing board members of
the 10 state-supported colleges.
No Master Plan
Foust felt the board was not
developing a "master plan for
education," a plan which would
lay out every detail of the state's
educational development. He
thought they would abide by the
strict interpretation of the Con-
stitution in their, duties, the in-
terpretation which says the board
is only to "advise" the Legislature
on higher education's financial
needs.
Just what form this advise
would take was not clarified. Uni-
versity President Harlan Hatcher
reportedly favored the board's
recommending appropriations for
each individual college. Sources
noted that most members of the
coordinating council disagreed
with this concept and felt that
the board should make one recom-
mendation covering the entire
state.
Gov.t George Romney spoke to
the meeting, stressing the im-
portance of widespread public
backing for increased appropria-
tions for higher education. Rom-
ney hinted that his recommenda-
tions to the Legislature wouldbe
substantial increases over last
year, but that they had little
chance of succeeding without
public support.
Meeting 'Successful'
James W. Miller, president of
Western Michigan University, said
the meeting was "quite success-
ful" in its function of giving
council members and the board a
chance to meet and discuss the
course of their relations.
The meeting did much to allay
fears of an immediate conflict
between the board and the co-
ordinating council.

Katz Refused
Former Job
The University of California-
Berkeley administration, ignoring
a request passed by the faculty
senate, has refused to reinstate a
professor ousted last spring when
he declined to answer questions
abouthis alleged Communist af-
filiations.
Prof. Eli Katz, who had signed
a loyalty oath stating he was not
a Communist, was removed from
the payroll by former Chancellor
Edward Strong. Katz had been
promised a two-year post as an
assistant professor in German
upon completion of his doctorate.
The still-unresolved issue threat-
ens to become a major point of
contention between the Berkeley
faculty and the administration.
Strong had been sharply criticiz-
ed by the faculty for his actions
in the Katz affair. Katz is now
teaching at Western Reserve Uni-
versity in Cleveland.
Prof. Neil Smelser, assistant to
the chancellor on political affairs
it Berkeley, said last night that
the issue is still"very much alive."
Hits Financial~
Interrogaition'
GRAND RAPIDS (A')-Objecting
to what he calls "economic in-
terrogation," a city heating in-
structor here has chosen to fi-
nance his daughter's education
himself rather than qualify her
for a state scholarship she ap-
parently had won. Albert Vander-
leest fired off letters of protest
to state officials.

created post of assistant to the
chancellor on political affairs,
said that the administration does
not anticipate further demonstra-
tions when the spring semester
begins Feb. 5.
New Rule
Smelser reported that new rules
governing on-campus political ac-
tivity are being worked out by
Chancellor Martin Meyerson in
consultation with faculty and stu-
dent groups. These rules will be
announced "as early as possible in
the spring semester," Smelser said.
He acknowledged that the stu-
dent - administration quarrel on
political restrictions is stillunre-
solved. Meyerson put forth tem-
porary rules relaxing political
regulations as soon as he was ap-
pointed to the post in early De-
cember. These rules, reduced the
advance notification needed for
political speeches on campus as
well as allowing groups to solicit
funds, recruit members and pub-
licize their activities in a previous-
ly-restricted campus area. ,
The Free Speech Movement,
which was formed by over 20 cam-
pus groups in protest against the
earlier restrictions, is reported to
be still dissatisfied with the tem-
porary rules. But it has not an-
nounced any new demonstrations.
Present Atmosphere
Smelser termed the present at-
mosphere on campus as one of
"active full-blown debate and dis-
cussion" on a wide range of issues.
He viewed his own duties as:
-Making decisions on new reg-
ulations;
-Keeping in close contact with
students;
-Representing students and-
their problems to the chancellor;
-Serving as "eyes and ears" for
the administration on current
trends in student thought.
Smelser declined to comment on
reported outside political influ-
ences upon the university admin-
istrators.

WASHINGTON (P) - President
Lyndon B, Johnson asked Congress
yesterday to approve ab once two
constitutional , amendments on
presidential disability and vice-
presidential succession and on ab-
olition of the Electoral College.
In a special message, Johnson
endorsed a pending amendment to
permit the President to fill a
vice-presidential vacancy and to
establish procedures to enable the
vice-president to take over when
the President is incapacitated.
In addition, he submitted a sug-
gested amendment to abolish the
presidential Electoral College as
it now stands but retain the pres-
ent system of state electoral votes.
Voters would vote directly for
President and vice-president in-
stead of for electors.
Hearings Begin
Hearings already have begun in
Congress on the presidential dis-
ability and vice-presidential suc-
cession amendment and a Sen-
ate Judiciary Subcommittee has
another session scheduled for to-
day.
Adoption of a constitutional
amendment requires two-thirds
majority votes of both branches
of Congress and ratification by
three-fourths of the state legis-
latures.
Major Proposals
The maj r proosals are:
1) The Constitution would be
changed so as to provide specific
authority for the vice-president to
take over the duties and powers
of an incapacitated presidency,
without becoming President him-
self, he would become only an
acting President, and the Presi-
ient could resume his powers when
his disability ended.
This is a shadowy matter now,
resting only on understandings

between Presidents and vice-presi-
dents, that date back only to the
Eisenhower administration.
If President and vice-president
disagreed over the former's capa-
city to act, the vice-president could
take over only on a two-thirds
vote of Congress.
Fill Vice-Presidency
2. The Constitution would be
changed to permit the filling of
the vice-presidency when a vacan-
cy occurs, by letting the President
nominate a man subject to the
approval by a majority of each
house of Congress.
There would be no change ine
the present line of presidential
succession behind the vice-presi-
dent, which makes the speaker of
the House nextin line, then the
president pro tempore of the Sen-
ate. -
Abolish Electors.
3. A second proposed constitu-
;ional amendment would provide
for keeping the present system of
state electoral votes but would
abolish electors.
Instead of meetings of an Elec-
toral College, at which electors of

the states would cast so many
votes for President and vice-presi-
dent, the states would certify the
results of the election for Presi-
dent and vice-president to Con-
the election official.
It also would provide for fill-
ing the offices should a Presi-
dent-elect, a vice-president-elect
or both dies in the time between
an election in November and in-
auguration in January.
Present Procedure
Voters in national elections do
not cast votes directly for Presi-
dent, Instead they vote for elec-
tors who technically elect the
President at a later date.
In some instances, electors have
cast votes for the presidency for
someone other than the person for
whom they were chosen to vote.
Though it presumably has been
long in preparation, the dispatch
yesterday of a message dealing
with disability took on a measure
of dramatic quality from the fact
that Johnson is recovering from a
heavycold and sore throat which
stirred some momentary alarm.

'20 Meet with
Officers.of
National Unit,
Core of Students
Backs MoVement To
Reinstate Fraternity
Tau Epsilon Phi, a fraternity
which dropped off campus two
years ago, will return 'this semes-
ter.
Approximately 20 University
students interested in reinstating
the house met with representatives
of the national chapter on
Wednesday night and cemented
plans for its return.
Spokesman for the group, Don-
ald Flippo, '68, said "a core of six
students will found the local chap-
ter and we hope to build the
membership up to 20-25 within
the next two months."
He said that toward the end of
the semester they will conduct an
"initiation banquet" at which time
a representative of the national
chapter will make them full active
members of the fraternity without
having ever gone through the for-
mal rush procedure.
Flippo said that at the present
time more than 20 students have
indicated a definite interest to
"pledge" the new chapter.
He commented that Tau Epsilon
Phi will become a "full-fledged"
member of the Greek community
here once they have become acti-
vated by the national chapter. He
said that although the fraternity
dropped off campus two years ago,
its charter is still recognized by
Student Government Council and
Interfraternity Council.
Flippo said that the nucleus .of
the new chapter has already elect-
ed temporary officers and is shop-
ping around for a house to move
into by next fall.
IFC President Lawrence 'Los-
sing, '65, confirmed the return of
the fraternity and said that he
was "extremely encouraged by the
response and support that TEPs
has elicited."

*Weirtz Expects
End of Strike'
NEW YORK PA')-Labor Secre-
tary W. Willard Wirtz said last
night he expects a quick settle-
ment of the 18-day East and Gluf
Coast: dock strike, with a return
to work of 60,000 idle longshore-
men by the first of the week.
At a, news conference, Wirtz de-
clined to say whether he had been
in touch with the various closed
ports. As for what he based his
expectations on, Wirtz said:
"I would rather not say at this
time."
President Lyndon B. Johnson
earlier was reported to be seeking
an end of the strike, even as the
nation's biggest shipping bloc
pleaded with him to take a hand
in the dispute.

Buddhist Leader Rejoices
Over Latest Viet Nam Coup
SAIGON (-) - Apparently jubilant over Saigon's latest coup,
Buddhist leader Tloich Tri Quang yesterday declared his followers are
not anti-American but resent "American misunderstanding" of Viet-
namese problems.
He was celebrating the ouster of former Premier Tran Van Huong
by Lt. Gen. Nguyen Khanh in the bloodless coup Wednesday. Khanh
put Nguyen Xuan Oanh into office as acting premier.
The official word here was business-as-usual between the United
States and the new government despite public bitterness between

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By LAUREN SHEPARD
A unique scholarship program, initiated last semester to help
economically-deprived students attend the University, has proven
successful in enabling 65 freshmen to return for the winter term.
The Opportunity Award Program aids students who are lack-
ing in financial ability and who come from cultural backgrounds
where going to college is not the usual thing.
Regent scholarships as well as other funds provide the finan-
cial aid for the students as long as they are enrolled in school.
Student Progress
"The progress of the students speaks for the success of the
program," said Murray Jackson, coordinator of special projects in
the Office of Academic Affairs and counselor for students in the
program.
Of the 70 students who began last semester, only three were
asked to leave for academic reasons. Two dropped for personal
reasons.

gram will go back to their high schools and encourage students
there to think of higher education," Jackson said, in speaking of
the project's long-range goals.
"We are certainly committed to the program and will enroll
a comparable number of students in the fall of 1965," he com-
mented.
The students are accepted by the University through the regu-
lar admissions procedures. After being accepted, they are available
for the Opportunity Award Program. The amount of money they
receive is determined by their need..
Part-Time Work
Though none of the students work during their freshman
years, they will be expected to take summer jobs and probably
work part-time during their last three years in college. The Uni-
versity will help them find jobs.
Gerald Peaks, '68, member of the Opportunity Award Program,
cites the transition from high school to college as his biggest
problem.

istrongman Khanh and U.S. Am-
bassador Maxwell D. Taylor.
Warning
The regime, in a move termed a
warning to Viet Cong infiltrations
and agents, went ahead with the
public execution of student Le Van
Khuyen on charges of terrorism.
Tri Quang did not mention re-
ports from government sources
that he and other leading monks
had agreed to leave the country
as political exiles in exchange for
Khanh's coup. He had just com-
pleted eight days on a protest
hunger strike.
"There is no such thing as anti-
Americanism," he was quoted as
saying. "One can only be anti-
American if one is Communist or
chauvinistic. Buddhism, b e i n g
neither Communist nor chauvin-
istic, is not anti-American.
Resentment
"But there is some resentment,
for America misunderstands the
whole problem. I totally agree
with the U.S. State Department
when it said that there was no
anti-Americanism but that the re-


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