THE MICHIGAN DAILY
PAGE THREE
pH IHGNDIYPG HE
ouse of Commons A1
uneral in State for CI
eat Man's
ive Life
[described
By The Associated Press
Winston Churchill took the
helm in Britain's darkest hour
and steered a course through
"blood, toil, tears and sweat" to
victory over Nazi Germany.
To few leaders was it ever
given to assumercommand of a
great people at the nadir of their
fortunes and lead them from such
deaths to such heights.
Prime Minister Neville Cham-
berlain had left Britain a legacy
of peril, andas one Churchill bio-
grapher put it, it was by a "virtual
but unspoken demand of the peo-
ple who were to do the paying
and the dying" that King George
VI had bidden Churchill to form
a new cabinet.
,.Within three weeks after he
took the helm from the faltering
Chamberlain, Belgium capitulated
to German might, precipitating
the hazardous Dunkerque retreat
of' the British Expeditionary
Force.
When he shouldered Britain's
war burdens he told the House
of Commons that "I have noth-
ing to offer but blood, toil, tears
and sweat."
Unconditional Surrender
Germany surrendered uncondi-
tionally on May 7, 1945. The back
of Hitler's once mighty Wehr-
macht had been broken and many
of Germany's cities lay In ruins.
Britain still carried on, as Chur-
chill had said she would when the
country was suffering the agony
of the disastrous Dunkerque re-
treat.
After the victory in Europe, the
Labor party rejected Churchill's
proposal for extension of the war-
time coalition government until
the end of the Japanese war, thus
forcing the first nationwide elec-
tion in 10 years. That election,
held July 5, 1945, resulted in a
stunning defeat for Churchill's
Conservative party.
Churchill entered the 1951 elec-
tion campaign with a vengeance.
He stumped up and down the land
speaking like thunder, command-
ing. Britain to recapture a great-
ness that he said was being frit-
tered away by lesser men. He re-
ferred to the ruling Laborites as
"these little men."
"Our Oriental empire has been
liquidated, our resources have
been squandered, the pound ster-
ling is worth only three-quarters
of what it was when Mr. Atlee
took over from me," Churchill
stormed. "Our influence among
the nations is now less than it has
ever been in any period since I
remember."
Returned to the Helm
The voters turned out the La-
borites in the election of October
25, 1951, and recalled the rugged
old warrior to his former com-
mand. Churchill was nearly 77
years old when he took charge of
Britain's destiny for the second
time. He assumed the post of
Minister of Defense as well as
that of Prime Minister.
In his two terms Churchill
served for almost nine years as
Prime Minister-from May 10,
1940, to July 26, 1949-a period of
five years two months and 16 days
that covered all but eight months
of the war-and from October 26,
1951, to April 5, 1955, a period of
three years, five months and 10
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-Associated Press
GATES WERE INSTALLED outside the houses of Parliament,
today, in preparation for the lying-in-state of the body of Sir
Winston Churchill. Tousands are expected to pass the casket
of Sir Winston in Westminster Hall beginning Wednesday and
ending Friday.
servative party leaders who
wanted a younger, more vigorous
man as leader in Britain's general
election campaign.
When he quit as Prime Min-+
ister, Churchill cleared the way+
for his political heir; Sir Anthony
Eden, to succeed to the post and
take up the fight in the nation-
wide election campaign that was
just ahead.
Churchill had chosen Eden 13
years earlier to be his "heir ap-
parent" and had often teased him+
about his long span as crown
prince.
The election of May 26 resulted
in a smashing victory for the Con-+
servative party, whose majority
was increased from 17 to 59 seats
in the House of Commons. Chur-
chilldwas sent back to Parliamentr
from Woodford.
Wanted to Serve Until Death +
When Churchill offered himself
again in 1959 as a Conservative
candidate, he told his constituents
that he wanted to serve in thea
House of Commons as long as his;
breath held out. On election night
he stayed up until past midnight]
until returns showed him a;
winner.-
During the campaign he strong-+
ly endorsed the policies of Harold9
Macmillan, who had become7
Prime Minister when Eden re-
signed because of ill health after;
serving for only 21 months.
It was during Eden's regime
and in every land fervently de- J
sire."
While advocating a realistic
"peace through strength," Chur-
chill wanted to reach "a work-a-
day understanding with the Rus-
sian people and government." He
thought that one way to do that
was for the West to try for more
trade with the U.S.S.R.:
It was Churchill who resignated
the barrier the East erected
against the West as the "Iron
Curtain."
But it was his speech at Fulton,
Mo., the following March that
firmly planted the expressive term
on the pages of history.
Coins 'Iron Curtain'
On that occasion he said:
"From Stettin in the Baltic to
Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron
curtain has descended across the
continent. Behind that line lie all
the capitals of the ancient states
of central and eastern Europe.
Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna,
Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest
and Sofia, all these famous cities
and the populations around them
lie in the Soviet sphere, and all
are the subject in one form or
another, not only to Soviet influ-
ence but to a very high and and
increasing measure to control
from Moscow."
The Soviet reaction was quick
and loud.
In 1949 Churchill was back in
the United States, this time to
receive an honorary degree from
the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. In his speech there,
he observed that his address at
Fulton had caused a world sensa-
tion, but that events had vindi-
cated it.
He declared that the United
States' possession of the atomic
bomb was the principal reason
the world had not been plunged
again into war.
Churchill urged formation of
"the United States of Europe, both
of the East and the West."
He first visited the United
States in 1895 as a slender youth
of 21. He was on his way then to
Cuba to act as an observer with
the Spanish army engaged in
fighting an insurrection.
During his lifetime he made 14
additional visits to this country.
Became 'Sir Winston'
Honors came to Churchill in
profusion. In the spring of 1953,
Queen Elizabeth II knighted him
for his decades of service to the
Empire and throne.
As a. knight he gained nothing
substantial except the title "Sir,"
but investiture with the Order of
the Garter, founded by King Ed-
ward III six centuries ago, was the
highest honor he could accept
without giving up his cherished
role as Conservative leader in the
House of Commons.
A peerage, with any title from
baron to duke and the resultant
membership in the House of Lords,
would have debarred him from
the lower house.
pproves,
iurchill .
Elizabeth II '
Asks Special
Recognition
Associates Praise
Wartime Leader
LONDON (/)-The House of PRIME MINISTER WILSON
Commons, with one seat conspic -
usly vacant,speedily approved sA
yestrdaya request of Queen i~ L 1 If
Elizabeth II for a state funeral
for Sir WinstonChurchill in "the n
discharge of our debt of public
gratitude and national sorrow.-
Thevacant seat was the last ofAR ites
several occupied in the house over A ey 2ya eidb hrh h
a 62-year period by Church, the te ie
beloved elder statesman who died
at 90 Sunday. LONDON OP) - British Prime
Both houses of Parliament met Minister Harold Wilson Is aiming
to praise him. for a round of diplomatic talks
Prime Minister with world leaders expected to
Prime Minister Harold Wilson gather in London Friday for the
keynoted the ceremony in the funeral of Sir Winston Churchill.
Commons, honoring the British Wilson met yesterday with his
World War II leader. top cabinet ministers in the De-
"It will be for those war years tense and Overseas Policy Com-
that his name will be remembered mittee. Although the meeting was
as long as history is written and to continue study of a government
history is read," Wilson said. ". . . defense policy document to be pre-
the history of our time could be sented to Parliament Feb. 16, gov-
written around the triumphs and ernment sources said subjects to
frustrations of Winston Churchill." be discussed, even if briefly, with
the visiting statesmen were stud-
n . ed.
The informants said Wilson is
nparticularly looking forward to a
talk with French President Charles
de Gaulle, Chancellor Ludwig Er-
hard of Germany and U.S. Presi-
dent Lyndon B. Johnson, if they
are able to come..
Political Truce
The informants said that with
a political truce on domestic poll-
ties declared until next Monday
because of Churchill's death and
funeral, Wilson felt free to de-
vote his attention almost exclu-
sively to foreign affairs.
With a new prime minister, in-
experienced in foreign affairs, in
the foreign office, this was be-
lieved extremely important at this
stage. Michael Stewart was nam-
ed Friday to succeed Patrick Gor-
don-Walker after the foreign sec-
THE MAN retary's defeat in a special elec-
tion intended to provide him a
Sir Alec Douglas-Home, the seat in the House of Commons.
present leader of the conserva-sthe os of oon s
tives, said, "He was a politician The loss of Gordon-Walker was
in the most honorable sense of the a severe blow to Wilson's diplo-
word." macy. Long a student of foreign
Never Cypical affairs, Gordon-Walker had made
Liberal party leader Jo Grimond many friends in foreign countries
spelled that out, saying: "He was during the period the Labor Par-
never cynical. He was never triv- ty was in opposition and during
ial, cowardly or mean." the three months he has been for-
The Queen's message called on eign secretary.
the nation to fittingly honor "the Forceful Member
inspiring leader who strengthened Stewart is one of the Labor
and supported us all." Party's most forceful members in
In her request for the state the House of Commons but al-
funeral, she said she had directed most all of his political life has
"that his body should lie in state been devoted to domestic affairs-
in Westminster Hall and there- to housing while in opposition and
after the funeral service shall be to education since in power.
held in the Cathedral Church of He hs been receiving an inten-
St. Paul." sive orientation course at the For-
Lie in State eign Office since his appointment
Churchill's body will lie in state Friday and he attended yester-
from Wednesday through Friday, day's meeting of the policy com-
the state funeral service will take mittee.
place Saturday in St. Paul's and Stewart is slated to confer with
burial will be beside his parents Secretary of State Dean Rusk,
in ,the Blandon churchyard near France's Maurice Couve de Mur-
Blenheim Palace. ville and other foreign ministers
About 9:15 p.m. (4:15 p.m. EST) coming for the funeral ceremonies.
Tuesday, the body will be moved The truce in domestic politics
privately from Churchill's London was underscored yesterday when
home at Hyde Park Gate to the candidates for three special elec-
hall. The body will be on view for tions to be held next month in Al-
23 hours a day and hundreds of tricham, East Grinstead and Salis-
Vietnamese Homes Destroyed,
Martial Law Imposed in Hue
Thousands Demonstrate Against Government;
Suppression of Buddhists Cited as Cause
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SAIGON (R)-The government
imposed martial law in Hue yes-
terday, an hour after about 500
youths sacked the homes of two
high officials and burned their
furniture, fixtures and personal ef-
fects.
About 10,000 persons earlier
demonstrated against the govern-
ment of Premier Tran Van Huong
in that city, 400 miles north of
Saigon.
Radio Saigon, in announcing
martial law, said anyone caught
starting fires or damaging prop-
-rty would beexecuted on the spot.
Also Reported
Antigovernment demonstrations
also were reported in four other
Vietnamese cities and in Saigon.
A group of young Buddhists
against "the suppression of a
demonstration of thousands of
monks, Buddhist believers and
students in Saigon by the United
States and the South Vietnamese
administration."
Military Chaplains
In central Viet Nam Buddhist
military chaplains were demand-
ing permission from military com-
manders to allow troops to join
in the antigovernment demonstra,-
tions. No troops were seen among,
the marchers.
The homes sacked in Hue were
those of the regional police chief
and the local director of the Viet-
namese Information Service. Wit-
nesses said the crowds stripped the
houses bare and burned the con-
tents outside.
Earlier the marchers carried
banners denouncing Huong and
U.S. Ambassador Maxwell D. Tay-
lor.
Did Nothing
Reports from the scene said
troops and police did nothing to
interfere with the demonstrations
and fires although a curfew and
a ban on street marches has been
in effect in Hue for months.
Flying squads of paratroopers
used tear gas to break up at least
two budding demonstrations in
Saigon. About 70 persons were ar-
rested, including 12 monks.
The main Buddhist headquar-
ters compound remained sealed off
by barbed wire and paratroop cor-
dons. Inside four monks went in-
to the sixth day of a hunger
strike. A fifth monk who started
the fast was missing.
SECRETARY THANT
asked the United Nations to in-
tervene in Viet Nam. In a let-
ter to Secretary-General U Thant
they condemned the United States,
saying it was helping the Huong
government "repress and wreak
vengeance on the Buddhists."
Communist North Viet Nam pro-
tested to the International Con
trol
Commission on Indochina
'DA
AUSTI N
DIAMOND
1209 S. University-663-7151
UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC?
" Of Its Role, In Today's. World
Tues., Jan. 26-Dr. V. Ayoub and Dr. M. Shokr
7:30 P.M. Multipurpose Room of UGLI
issy)
* Of Ifs Cultural Character!I
Wed., Jan. 27-Dr. A. H. Hosny
(Cultural Attache in Washington-UAR
7:30 P.M. Multipurpose Room of UGLI
* 01 Its People on Campus!1
Fri., Jan. 29-Party
Entertainment and Refreshments
7:30 P.M. International Center
League, Union, Arab Group &
International Students Assn.
Emba
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thousands are expected to pay bury agreed to a halt in cam-
their final homage there. paigning until Monday.
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