P 2je EicIPiau ud REFFER Seventy-Sixth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PU3LICATI6NS Tu Oir re Free 420 MAYNARD ST., ANN ARBOR, MICH. NEws PHONE: 764-0552 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the inidividual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This most be noted in all reprints. JESDAY, JULY 19, 1966 NIGHT EDITOR: PAT O'DONOHUE Cavanagh and Williams: It's How You Play the Game A012? CMAf6 MWk FOCUS 0 TE 6R IRVAACE; OF THE; C&1TQU9 LACK OF CONNL)L)CAT(O( PLUS FORC~p THROUGHUWOM 1}!&7 COVLF2 OWEC CHAFR6U 6hEQ F'OL (CE FO -TUf-FR EAf- W5J PO!L0T. / , b' 50T NO NAG B6W 4fG ARTHE, F TH HO$TY THEIPUA{6T.) EMOT(OM)L 0UfbT: BRVFA UTr LDS; OF STATUS LOWA PAY, A CUfVAL. Pelp fVAT(OQ AIJP GRfAVE LeH 'fAVE Ik)CPRA*IkLY &IM~ATP TO TRM 1s{I COHM MUU. IF THC WOn A V A~ A55~ LUAT 2 OSU' ATrLE I'ODP4 AUTUMNJ THE VOICX OF -rii 91550 RAQ0C6I MIOP'ITY MLUS MALLY 66u UwslE~v TD t Iy C I GIA POUC OFFICCSQ COUP O&)CC F6ECU A MAXULRfJITY ' USDI BY VOUA'tA A S~J'C OF AO3P RG3f- Mr. THE DEMOCRATIC primary campaign for Senate is rapidly deteriorating to the level of sound and fury, probably to the advantage of G. Mennen Williams and the Democratic Party, but to the detri- ment of Michigan voters who are faced with a serious choice on August 2. What pegan as a campaign centered on United States participation in the Viet Nam war has become an internecine dispute over Williams' refusal to debate his opponent, Detroit Mayor Jerome P. Cavanagh. WHILE WILLIAMS' shunning of public debate is hardly commendable, at this point, it seems to be sound politics. Cavanagh himself is on thin ice with his attacks on his opponent's refusal: as Wil- liams supporters have pointed out, Cav- anagh last year refused repeatedly to de- bate Walter Shamie, his opponent for the mayoralty. Any politician must be allowed, to an extent, the luxury of inconsistency. For Cavanagh, however, to make almost a moral issue of debate puts him in a posi- tion of great vulnerability to charges of crass hypocrisy. Debate between candidates for public office first caught the voters' fancy dur- ing the 190 presidential campaign al- though, of course, the method dates back at least as far as the Lincoln-Douglas de- bates of 1858. Many observers, however, credit the televised "Great Debates" be- tween Richard Nixon and John Kennedy as a major factor in the vice-president's defeat. Most pollsters had given Nixon a slight lead before the debates, but the image he presented in the debates, prob-, ably due more to his physical appearance than to anything he said, apparently won many voters over to the more attractive Kennedy. IT HAS BECOME a cardinal rule of American politics that the stronger candidate in any campaign does not meet his weaker rival in direct debate. Wil- liams, backed by the endorsements of vir- tually all important labor groups and Democratic Party organizations in the state and by polls which show him well ahead of Cavanagh, obviously thinks him- self to be by far the stronger candidate. He thus feels no obligation or inclina- tion to face Cavanagh in debate. If there are no drastic changes in the mood of the electorate in the less than three weeks remaining in the campaign, Williams' non-issue, non-statement strategy should pay off with a victory August 2. WILLIAMS' CAMPAIGN style is un- doubtedly an asset to the Democratic Party. The Democrats picked up severtl marginal congressional seats in the 1964 Johnson landslide which they will be hard pressed to keep in this off-year elec- tion. Party unity is required to hold such seats as that of Rep. Weston Vivian of Ann Arbor. The Michigan Democratic Party, ever since its reorganization in 1948, has been beset by occasionally se- vere friction between its labor and non- labor wings. The party can ill afford a ma- jor split over the Senate nomination. Despite the moral implications of Wil- liams' refusal to ge beyond hand-shaking and meaningless "soap suds" statements, the issueless campaign will make it easy for the party to unite behind the Senate nominee and congressional candidates. THE SENATE PRIMARY illustrates the sorry fact that good politicians need not make for responsible government. A basic change will have to take place in the attitude of the American voter to- wards the electoral process before cam- paigns become more relevant to govern- ment. Such a change does not seem likely in the foreseeable future. -STEVE WILDSTROM A Reversal Of Justice THE WORLD COURT yesterday threw out a suit that would have forced the. Union of South Africa to give -up its diseased control of Southwest Africa. The ruling was quite procedural, never pretending to deal with the matters ac- tually at issue. The majority simply ruled that the nations bringing the suit had no right to sue South Africa for misuse of powers granted under the defunct League of Nations. "Rights cannot be presumed to exist merely because it might seem de- sirable that they should," said the justice to cast the deciding vote. TRUE. It's a shame the justices couldn't see their way to applying the same quote to the government of South Africa. -L.P. yOU{- '4' / d (( ' 1'2 7ft 0p i The ightt rvacy or 'tp Bugging, Me' By DAVID KNOKE YOU'RE SITTING in your living room one night having an in- timate conversation with a friend or business partner. Somewhere in a room across town, or maybe across the country, a hand reaches for a telephone receiver, picks it up and begins dialing a series of numbers, your phone number. Just before the first ring, the caller brings a harmonica to his lips and sounds middle C; nothing happens. Or so you think since your phone didn't ring and you go on conversing; but you are being had. Your phone has been made into a "bug." a listening device picking up every sound in its vicinity and transmitting to the room across town or across coun- try. THE HARMONICA-BUG is no fiction; it is made and marketed by electronics expert Emanual Mittleman. The wave of minituri- zation, sophistication and laser and TV technology has reduced the tape - recorder - in - brief-case and microphone-in-martini-olive to such a low status that only a schmoe like James Bond would use them. And there is a big market for surveillance instruments of the wire-tapping and evesdropping kind. Government enforcement security agents are probably the biggest users of bugging devices and the ones over which legal controls would bring the biggest headache. A case before the Su- preme Court in next fall's session will concern the case of one Fred B. Black, Jr., a Washington lobby- ist formerly connected with Bobby Baker. It seems that Mr. Black was being investigated in 1963 by a federal grand jury on tax charges, of which he was later convicted and then refused a re- view by the Supreme Court on May 2 this year. On May 24, Soli- citor General Thurgood Marshall disclosed that FBI agents had eavesdropped (not intercepted phone conversations, which was outlawed in 1934) on Black's hotel in Las Vegas. In June, the President issued a directive to all departments and agencies, banning eavesdropping except in national security cases with the permission of the At- torney General. The Justice De- partment, on July 13, revealed that FBI director J. Edgar Hoover had approved the bugging of Black's room without consulting Atty. Gen. Nicholas Katzenbach. The outcome of the Supreme Court's reconsideration of the bugging case is likely to be an extension of illegal invasion of privacy beyond mere physical trespass. ONE OF THE knottiest prob- lems with bugging is its twilight status in the moral, legal and en- forcement realms. Sacredness of the right of privacy seems natural under the respect Western law has always striven to accord the in- dividual. But privacy comes into conflict in the nforcement of other rights of other individuals, namely dectection and prevention of crime. According to Een. Edward V. Long (D-Mo), "Where to draw the line is one of the first problems we run into, for the reason that many listening gadgets have per- fectly legitimate uses outside the field of eavesdropping. For a single example, wireless micro- phones allow entertainers to per- form more freely without trailing a mike cord behinl them." The proliferation and sophisti- cation of bugging aparatus-in- dustrial spying, in the words of the N.Y. Times, "is now a stan- dard part of the strategy of busi- ness"-conjures up horrors of Big Brother invasion of privacy. The issue should be a major concern for law makers, for 'it is constitu- tionally open-ended at present. The Constitution dispenses some safeguards about self-incrimina- tion, use of patents, libel laws and physical invasion of the home, but, as Sen. Long notes, "The Founding Fathers could hardly have conceived of contact mikes and shotgun mikes." WHEN CONGRESS gets down to the tough job of drafting an ef- fective control of bugging bill, they must deal with the potential mis- use of eavesdropping, even among law officers. A recent example of chickens coming home to roost occurred in a foreign country, Yugoslavia, but serves to illuminate the problem by magnification. President Tito dropped Alexander Rankovic, sec- ond Yugoslav power, after twenty years as head of the secret police. Rankovic, in the socialist move- ment since partisan days, had been discovered using wiretapping and bugging devices to further his own political ambitions, including the bugging of Tito's villa! Closer to home was the un- covering of a five-year plot by Czech diplomats to bug the State Department, a plot averted be- cause of infiltration by a State Department counter spy. Undoubtedly such cases of ex- posed high-level eavesdropping are the exception; successful bugging of unsuspecting parties is probably the rule. NOBODY CAN be sure how many bugs go undetected, but the problem is growing worse. Even directional radio transmitter find- ers are powerless against narrow band radar microphones which bounce beams off window panes and pick up conversation from miles away. Or consider the 110-volt trans- mitter that does not broadcast through the air, but sends signals through a building's electrical wir- ing to be picked up by plugging into any outlet. The self-monitor- ing voice-stimulated tape recorder allows rank amateurs willing to pay the exhorbitant costs to be- come blackmailers, sleuths or what have you. SEN. LONG talks about the difficulty in getting inventors and manufacturers of new devices to give information candidly to his subcommittee on administrative practice and procedure. Licensing systems always leave problems of enforcement, but the biggest stumbling. blocks remain public apathy and the lack of a clearly defined right of privacy. V Compromise Is Needed To Save NATO The Plum Street Project: Colorful Urban Renewal 'HARLIE COBB, 19, did most the paint- ing on Detroit's new artists' market, Plum Street. He's back home this sum- mer from California where he studies commercial art. He and his entrepreneur brother Bob, a Detroit high school teacher, are prime movers of a small, humble, but important project in positive urban renewal. With plenty of city money and coopera- tion from business and utilities, they have revitalized a block slated to be balled by the wrecker. There is a bar on Plum Street. It has been serving watermelon, not beer. There is an arts and crafts store pandering beads and African figurines. There is an apartment building sparsely occupied, decorated with Tiffany glass windows. A stall called The Wee Folk sells can- Editorial Staff LEONARD PRATT.......... ..............co-Editor CHARLoT'rE WOLTER...,...............Co-Editor BUD WILKINSON ........................Sports Editor BE"SY COHN .................. Supplement Manager NIGHT EDITORS: Meredith Eiker, Michael Heifer, Shirley Rosick, Pat O'Donohue, Carole Kaplan. Business Staff SUSAN PERLSTADT............... Business Manager JEANNE ROSINSKI .. . . ........ .Advertising Manager STEVEN ENSLEY . . . . . ....... . .. Circulation Manager RANDY RISSMAN ......,... Supplement Manager dy. Of Cabbages and Kings sells used books. PLUM STREET itself runs one way the wrong way. It runs into the city's Southbound Freeway. It is hard to find and far from Wayne State University where the real local artists live. Plum Street Project, in fact, will suffer from handicaps. It may be doomed before the month ends. But it is a block that was reborn, though perhaps deformed in conception. There are gas lights and plum seedlings on the street. The buildings have been strength- ened, even several that were condemned. All are artfully decked out with a few coats of Charlie Cobb's artwork. WHETHER PLUM STREET survives in- fancy or not, it is a nice piece of work and a victory for intelligent urban re- newal. -NEAL BRUSS The One Who Is Chosen PRESIDENT JOHNSON, speaking in Omaha shortly after the bombing of Hanoi and Haiphong said that while there are "many, many, many who recommend and advise; while sometimes a few of them consent" nevertheless, "there is only one that has been chosen by the American people to decide." President Johnson apparently regards -1,natin of~,*rv ,E O1QA ac nnpr'nnl "mn IN THE PUBLIC record of the dispute between France and NATO there is nothing to say that a workable and face-saving com- promise cannot be patched up. This assumes that the principals involved, Germany B r it a i n, France and the United Sates, really want such a compromise. If they do not-if, as some be- lieve, Gen. Charles de Gaulle is bent on wrecking the Western alliance in order to dominate it, or if, as others say, the United States is bent on wrecking Gen. de Gaulle in order to preserve our leadership of Western Europe -there is in the making a very great crisis in the Western world. FOR IF NATO is allowed to break up in anger, the future in Europe could become as unstable as is the future in Asia. The United States has an overriding interest in promoting a Franco- German arrangement about the presence of the French troops in Germany. It has an overriding in- terest in arrangements between France and the NATO powers to provide for joint planning and ef- fective liaison in place of the in- tegrated general staffs. The essential fact about a patched-up compromise is that without it there will be the great- est danger that the Western alli- ance will break up. The criterion of an acceptable compromise is not whether joint planning can be made as effective as integrated planning, whether in time of peace the liaison staff officers can do approximately as well as integrat- ed staff officers. Virtually nobody thinks that the defense of Western Europe against the Red army is a sufficient pur- pose for NATO today. There is virtually no one who does not be- lieve that if Western Europe needs to be defended by arms the prin- cipal weapon will be the uninte- grated American Strategic Air Command force. THE IMPORTANCE of NATO is now political. That is to say, the NATO forces give weight and au- thority to the diplomatic posture of the Western nations. They would have little influence on East-West relations and on the future of Germany if they became sharply divided. They would become sharply di- vided if an isolated France lay between NATO in the North and NATO in Italy and the Mediter- Today and Tomorrow By WALTER LIPPMANN ranean. For this reason let us hope that the administration will resist the temptations of anger and frustration in dealing with the general and that it will turn its face against a catastrophic policy. A patched-up arrangement will, however, be a dusty answer to the real problem of NATO's future. The real problem is that the orig- inal purpose of NATO no longer provides a mainspring for the al- liance. THE ORIGINAL purpose is no longer relevant as it was 15 years ago. NATO was then a necessary and proper response to a grave danger which was that, by infil- tration backed up by invasion, the Soviet Union would overwhelm the continent. The fear that this would happen has been the main- spring of NATO, and because this fear has now dwindled, European support of NATO has declined. Patching up the dispute with Gen. de Gaulle is better than slid- ing into a crisis which will bring down not only the French posi- tion, but the whole alliance. But to preserve the alliance as a vig- orous influence in the affairs of the European continent, -it needs a new purpose. Whereas its pur- pose has been the defense of the West, its purpose now should be the healing of the division between Western Europe and Eastern Eu- rope and a settlement of the Euro- pean cold war. ONCE THIS IS accepted as the central purpose of the Western alliance and of the NATO organi- zation, it will cease to be merely something left over from another age, merely a relic of the past. If its central purpose is declared to be the ending of the cold war in Europe, it will reflect a future that Europeans desire: the reu*i- fication of Germany, the recon- ciliation of Eastern and Western Europe and the prospect that co- existence with the Soviet Union would evolve into convergence of policy on the maintenance of world peace. The NATO controversy today presents President Johnson with the wind of historic opportunity which comes only now and then to the head of a great state. It is an opportunity like that which President Kennedy seized in his speech on the nuclear test ban at American University in June, 1963. It is an 'opportunity like that which President Truman seized when he proposed the Marshall Plan and the NATO alliances. PRESIDENT JOHNSON, too, now has a great opportunity. It is to make clear to the world that we are at a turning point in the history of the Western alliance and to use the influence of the United States, to give the alliance a new direction. (c), 1966, The Washington Post Co. The Built-In Bomb Living with the Heat Wave By PHIL SUTIN and are still booming-if you can mercury lights of downtown St. (EDITOR'S NOTE'Phil Sutin, find one. These machines have Louis were visible as a string of '66 Grad, is a Journalism de- taxed Union Electric's power sys- pearls against the darkened sky; partment intern with the St. tem. Some lights went out Mon- Louis Post-Dispatch.) day and some may still go out. -On the west-bound express- ST LOUIS-It's been 90 degrees Some 2 million of the 2.4 mil- sufficient way, the power, lights, acdark or more everyday except July lion people served by Union Elec- sufficiet o e, glowed a dark 7 since June 24; 100 or more since tric and its affiliates have been sea blue, but shed little light on Sudy 0 rmr ic o~ affected by the power cut offs. the highway; Sunday; 104 or ore sice M--"'''''--'" day . . . and there's no relief in This demand varies with the ALMOST ALL non-priority areas, sight. outdoor temperature, humidity, that is everything except hospi- I'm a native Michigander, used sun glare and length of days and tals, airports, communications fa- to mild summers and chilly win- nights. Thusone cloudy day in cilities and fire risks without elect- ters. I hoped when I moved to St. the heat wave would ease the tricity, suffered 15 minutes to two Louis that I would escape the cold pressure on the utility, hours of blackout -Monday and Michigan winters and survive the Tuesday. In a few isolated.cases, hot St. Louis summers. I'm surviv- BUT AT ABOUT 11 a.m. Mon- thesdarkness was longer. Police ing, but I didn't expect anything day, the system overloaded and radios were out and government like this, power went out, in some places rdicoseout and govhern involuntarily, but mostly .because Mon ayn ight a d Tue day, hrs I FIRST became concerned Union Electric shut down lines wasnot one recorded crime, in St. about the weather June 30, when in residential areas to have the Louis. the Post-Dispatch's city desk as- entire system.