U..S. EXTENDS INVITATION TO WAR See Editorial Page C, r Sir b :4ai CLOUDY High-87 Low-64 Warm, chance of showers GES Seventy-Six Years of Editorial Freedom VOL. LXXVI, No. 44S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SATURDAY, JULY 9,11966 SEVEN CENTS FOUR PA :i Poverty Program- Working To Aid Rural Poor EDITOR'S NOTE: City slums are spectacular, but halfttheanation's poor are down on the farm. The fight on rural poverty has just be- gun, and already it is plain-the problems are immense, and prog- ress will be slow. But the fight goes on-against bad schooling, big families, racial antipathy and the flight to the slums. FRIENDSHIP, Tenn. OP) - Shef dropped out of school during the fifth grade, and at 14 married a sturdy young man of 20 who had reckoned that six years of educa- tion were plenty. Now, nine years later, Mr. and Mrs. Ray Sharp still live in these rolling hills of Crockett County in western Tennessee. Sharp gets his house rent free and $6 a day as a farm worker-on' days when farm work is wanted. Yet their future looks moder- ately promising because they and the federal government are allies in a small but enthusiastic war on poverty. Their poverty. "I've cut taters till I look like one," Olene Sharp said cheerful- ly after helping slice 400 pounds of seed potatoes. Under the poverty program, the Sharps got a $1,940 loan so they could buy a second-hand truck, a small tractor, a chain saw. When other work isn't available, Sharp can tend his own cabbage, sweet corn and potatoes. And, by cutting posts and doing hauling jobs, he made $700 during the win- ter. Not spectacular, maybe, but manna to the Sharps whose in- come previously had been $700 for an entire year. No longer is Sharp alarmed when no job is available. "On my own, I'll make right smart more," he said, "Bfore that loan, I couldn't move, so I just sit." The chances appear good that small, personal gains like the migrant finds himself only quali- Has this nation drifted too near the Sharps will repay the $1,940 Sharps-balanced, of course, by fied for the unskilled labor mar- the welfare state? Or is it - as they owe the nation's taxpayers, disheartening losses. ket. He has a lack of culture some of the poor protest by boo- plus the 48 per cent interest. -The belief prevails, at least in needed for city living, and he goes ing antipoverty chief Sargent In her modest but tidy home, some areas, that while city slums into the slum areas and on to Shriver and by camping out across chatting with her sister-in-law, attract nearly all the attention, the welfare roles." from the White House--too late Patsy Jean Warren, from Frog and, so far, most of the money, the Because violent disagreements with too little? Jump, Tenn., Mrs. Sharp looked key to poverty remains in rural rage over even simple definitions, confidently ahead. America. Even though this has any discussion of the poor runs In this swirling controversy it's She said she hopes her 2-year- become an urban nation, half of into dismaying problems. easy to forget the main point: old daughter will stay in school its poor live in the country. At what precise point do you that human beings are involved- longer than she did and thus be The city's woes can never be become poor? The Office of Eco- the poor and those trying to help better equipped to face a world solved, so this theory goes, so long nomic Opportunity says a family them - and that human beings which no longer has any use for as the country poor surge in like of four needs an annual income of rarely fit pat theories. the unlettered and the unskilled. lemmings from farm and hamlet, $3,140 if it's in a city or $2,190 Already one theory - that the With 35 million poor around, maybe looking for better jobs, if it's in a rural area. poor are poor credit risks-is tak- the Sharps don't mean much sta- maybe counting on bigger relief Do the impoverished want ing a beating. tistically, but they do illustrate checks. work? Or do they prefer welfare? The Farmers Home Administra- two important points: In folklore the bumpkin was a Is President Johnson's war on tion can make what are called -Increasingly, those who work joke; in reality he's a disaster. poverty designed to raise incomes economic opportunity loans of up directly with the poor seem to be In a recent Washington inter- of the poor or is it, as some Re- to $2500 to individuals so poor no concluding that there will be no view, Howard Bertsch, the farm- publicans claim, neatly arranged bank could afford the risk. Their spectacular breakthroughs, that if ers home administrator, described to help the politicians in an elec- repayments have been surprisingly progress is made it will be by what happens: "The average out- tion year? prompt. William R. McIntosh, the farm- ers home supervisor responsible for the loan to the Sharps, says only siv of his 35 loans of this type may be in arrears. In one vital respect, the Sharps are lucky. They are white, in a strongly segregationist county. Poverty and civil rights are closely intertwined, especially in the rural South. So a visitor, fa- miliar with the stories of violence and hatreds, is understandably surprised at evidences of interra- cial cooperation. Take Clarksdale, Miss., Coahoma County seat in the fertile Missis- sippi River delta. As the richest cities maintain the . vilest slums, so the richest farm lands are surrounded by some of the most forlorn poor. An Agriculture Department map with a dot for each 500 poor rural families, shows poverty in all 50 states, but along the lower Mis- sissippi the dots are so thick they become solid black. King Cotton is blamed. Once this nation planted 40 million acres of cotton. Because of new fertilizers and technology, plus competition from synthetics, cot- ton acreage has been whacked to 10.5 million acres, this year's cuts alone will affect another 1000 workers in Coahoma County. One man being aided by the poverty program, after pointing out what he thought were cer- tain successes, tried to assess the present state of the struggle to help the country poor. "It's got a helluva long way to go," he said, "before it does some- thing to cut poverty." Report Drop In Size of Police Rolls Survey Shows High Employment Rate Hurts Recruitment By The Associated Press An Associated Press survey of 10 cities across the nation shows that police recruitment is down in half of them. But the drop in police rolls apparently has little to do with the recent Supreme Court decision on confessions, which many law enforcement officials '4 view with alarm. Rather, it's mainly the high em- ployment situation, more money in industry, and a raft of retirements, by officers who joined the force just after World War II which have been affecting both the size and caliber of some police depart- V ments. Of course the hazards, and harassment, play their parts. Washington, D.C., reports in- creasing recruiting difficulties for several years and is 225 men short of an authorized strength of 3,100. Recruiting is not keeping pace with retirements and resignations. Police Chief John B. Layton is seeking pay boosts for beginners. He cites high pay scales for po- lice in Washington's suburban areas, which also have a lo er ser- ious crime rate. General prosper- ity makes it hard to recruit the * type of men his department wants, Layton said. In Los Angeles, deputy Police Chief Noel McQuown, in charge of personnel and training, comment- ed: "There have been twice as, many resignations this year to' date compared to last year." It was pointed out, however, that although fewer men are ap-M plying now than in past years, the quality of applicants is better. ,Employment is up," McQuown noted, "and everybody is after top-quality people." He said the department has been understaffed for a number of years, but cited the Los Angeles population growth. In 1950, the ratio was 2.11 policemen to 1,000 persons. In 1965 it was 1.84. St. Louis Police Department officials say they are holding their own on recruiting, although it "still Yas difficulty" g e t t i n g enough higher-caliber applicants. In Detroit, Police Commissioner' Ray Girardin says a number of retirements are coming through this year because patrolmen hired in 1941 have reached their 25-1 year eligibility. Also, said Girar- din, "we get stiff competition from industry in salary scales." heMWI-gan Daily NEWS WIRE Late World News By The Associated Press PAPEETE, TAHITI - Military authorities yesterday re- established a nuclear test danger zone around Muruoa Atoll in the Tahitian Islands of French Polynesia effective at midnight Saturday, indicating another French atomic bomb test is sched- uled for next week. SAIGON-American warplanes struck two more petroleum areas in Viet Nam yesterday, a U.S. military spokesman reported Saturday. He said the new raids were 30 to 40 miles from Hanoi. One was near a rail line northeast of the North Vietnamese capital and the other in the Red River Valley area northwest of Hanoi. These are the two main lines into Hanoi. ANN ARBOR RESIDENT Gerald F. Tape was recently sworn in for a second term on the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. The commission will select a site for a new atomic accelerator sometime before the end of this year; one of the sites under con- sideration is in Northfield Township, near Ann Arbor. President Johnson with Senate approval nominated Tape for a second term of five years, extending through June 30, 1971. UNITED STATES SENATOR Robert Grilfin R-Mich) will be in Ann Arbor tomorrow as a part of his campaigning in the Washtenaw County area. After attending the Ann Arbor Soap Box Derby, Griffin will participate in an "oil can derby" against Mayor Wendell Hulcher, U.S. Rep. Weston Vivian (D-Ann Arbor) and State Rep. Marvin Esch (R-Ann Arbor). * * * * SOPH SHOW PLANNERS prepare to observe "How To Suc- ceed In Business Without Really Trying" tonight at Detroit's Northland Playhouse, and there are speculations that they will choose that musical for next year's production. The group will meet in Ann Arbor this afternoon before attending tonight's show. EAST LANSING-A small group of Michigan State University students recently staged a protest "camp-out" in front of the city hall to complain about a lack of an open occupancy ordinance in the city, according to Associated Press reports. The city council last month defeated an anti-housing dis- crimination ordinance 3-2. DR. W. N. HUBBARD OF THE Medical School has been awarded a grant of $143,175 and Dr. William Mann of the School of Dentistry a grant of $70,515. The funds were recommended by the National Advisory Council on Medical, Dental, Optometric and Podiatric Education and approved by the Surgeon General of the United States. TiE UNIVERSITYHAS BEEN awarded a defense supply service contract for $1,749,985. The contract is for maintainence and operation of the Mt. Haleakala Observatory in Maui, Hawaii. S a THREE ARMY PRIVATES who have orders to report this month for embarkation to Viet Nam said recently that they would not go, They denounced the war as "immoral, illegal and unjust," and likened the United States' involvement in some ways to the Nazi aggression in Europe. Air Strike Negotiations Break Down Government Calls on Both Groups To Go Back To Talks Today WASHINGTON (AP) - The gov- ernment summoned both sides to resume talks today aimed at end- ing the tieup of five major air- lines, but a key union source pre- dicted, "The strike will last more or less indefinitely." Acting under instructions from President Johnson, the Labor De- partment called for renewal of the contract negotiations whose breakdown led to a walkout by machinists union members yester- day morning. The strike by the AFL-CIO In- ternational Association of Machin- ists shut down Eastern, National, Northwest, Trans World and United Airlines. In all, they carry an estimated 60 per cent of the nation's air passengers. While United was accepting some reservations for Monday, there was no other sign from the carriers to contradict the predic- tion of a lengthy tieup made by Joseph W. Ramsey, vice president for arlines and railroads of the Machinists. Ramsey told newsmen the union will continue to seek a settlement, but he said the union is "not pre- pared to go into marathon bar- gaining sessions that would weak- en our position." The Defense Department took steps to assure that the tieup will not interfere with essential travel by an estimated 100,000 military and civilian personnel about to leave for, or just returned from, duty in Viet Nam and nearby areas. Deputy Secretary of Defense Cyrus R. Vance directed that mil- itary aircraft be made available on a priority basis, and added: "I expect that we can meet this re- quirement with available military resources." The union had announced prior to the strike that its members would continue to work on de- fense-chartered flights. Both Vance and Postmaster General Lawrence F. O'Brien said steps have been taken to see that there are no undue delays in trans- porting mail to servicemen in South Viet Nam. O'Brien acknowledged, however, that some serious delays in mall movement in this country are in- evitable as long as the strike continues. -Daily-Thomas R. Copi THE SCHEDULE TELLS THE STORY, as the worst airline strike In history cancelled all flights of Eastern, National, Trans World, United and Northwest airlines. Picketing was heavy at airports around the country by members of the AFL-CIO International Associa- tion of Machinists, but had halted, at least for a time, at Detroit's Metropolitan Airport last night. POLITICAL PRESSURE: Third Par ty Movement Growing) By PAT O'DONOIIUE There has been much specula- tion in the last few months about the possibilities of an emerging third party movement. Though no third party movement has made a strong showing since 1912 there are a number of reasons for the development of a third, or even fourth party movement at the present time. -The war in Viet Nam is a controversial administration policy which appears to have as many critics as supporters. There have been a number of "peace can- didates" entering the congres- sional primaries throughout the country, and one such candidate, Robert Scheer, an editor of Ram- parts Magazine, received 44.9 per cent of the vote in California's Seventh Congressional District which includes Berkeley. -The various civil rights or- ganizations (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and CO- RE) have been potential third parties in the last few years. How- ever, -with SNCC leader Stokley Carmichael's rallying cry for "black power" they are expected to exert more political pressure on the two major parties. -It is generally conceeded that the '64 presidential election di- vided the Republican Party and' left it groping for leadership. The conservative and liberal elements within that party have yet to find a solid common bond. In the California Republican primary for the party's guberna- torial nomination Ronald Reagen, that the candidate obtaining the their direction. For example, in largest number of votes is the the 1960 and 1964 elections the victor many people don't vote for Democratic party adopted many a third party candidate because measures advocated by the civil "they don't want to waste the rights organizations. vote," he said. Thus, while the third party may The major historical function of not place any candidates in power the third party movement has they can exert political pressure been a balance of power role. on the two major parties to adopt Many members of a third party one or more of their proposals. will have been members of either They can do this in two ways: the Democratic or Republican Dissenters parties and will thus remove their The dissenters can threaten to support during an election which remove their support of the ma- may result in a victory for the jor party of which they are mem- other party. bers. In an election year the ma- Kallanbach said that, third jor party will most likely com- party movements have a tendency promise in an effort to regain to "burn out" because one of the their lost members. major parties will have moved in If there is a large amount of T J L support for the goals or goals of the third party, either one, if not both, of the major parties will adopt it as its own in an effort to secure potential votes. While a third party movement may never put a candidate into office or win a major election they have had much effect in political history. The Prohibition Party, for ex- ample, was successful in soliciting legislative support for their pro- gram and saw prohibition passed as an amendment, albeit short- lived. In this same vein, the peace candidates and civil rights lead- ers may see their proposals become policy. Poll Indicates Most Americans UObject to Use of Death Penalty Physicists Find Fallacy in Old Nuclear Law, Discover New Test for Particle Charges Opposition to the death penalty continues to mount among the nation's adults. Results of the latest Gallup Poll survey show that nearly half of the American people-47 per cent -now object to capital punish- ment as compared with 42 per cent who favor it. In 1953 the com- parable figures were 25 per cent opposed, 68 per cent in favor. This marks the first time since 4AC 4.- - v,"a-o nfnp- and Wyoming) and one by elec- 1965 mayk trocution (Alabama) All seven changing vi men were sentenced for murder. 1965 survey, The downward trend in executions two ratio ex is shown in annual totals over the this form o past six years: 1960, 56; 1961, 42; men at tha 1962, 47; 1963, 21; 1964, 15; 1965, about the sa seven. of the supre Since 1953, the Gallup Poll has ethe f periodically surveyed the Ameri- the attitud can people on the subject of changed ap capital punishment. This is the about as ma naQtin askedr in Peah survev: punishment be attributed to the ews of males. In the women by a three-to- xpressed opposition to f punishment. Among t time, the ratio was .me but it was in favor eme penalty. ollowing tables show, s of women have not ppreciably, but today any men oppose capital as favor it: NEW YORK (--Law-abidingj physicists happily believe they have broken another law. They have found evidence that a basic law or principle in nuclear physics apparently isn't true. The overthrow of a long-accept- ed theory always excitesphysicists because it opens the way for clearer understanding of what na- ture really is all about. It's a bit like overcoming a prejudice that limits one's understanding of reality. The physical law which they in broad speculation, that might save the lives of' future astronauts. The point here is that all the matter in our world-from atoms to people and machines-is com- posed of basic particles such as protons, neutrons and electrons. Antimatter is the reverse, con- sisting of antiprotons--with a negative charge rather than a positive charge, antineutrons, and positrons, or positively charged electrons. When matter meets antimatter thv annihila.te each other in a wo th of pa mi ing col res of ha - uld tell earth people whether breakdown ow a particular nuciear ose inhabitants lived in a world particle, the eta meson. It decays matter or antimatter. into three pi mesons of pions, one Previous theory maintained that positivelyhcharged, anothernega- rticles and antiparticles were tively charged, the third neutral. rror image of one another act- They found that the positive g in exactly the same way. particle emerging from the decay Invariance is frequently more energetic and This theory is known as "charge travels away from the decay site njugations invariance." faster than the negative particle. Recently, Princeton University This wouldn't happen if the in- searchers discovered a violation variance law held true-unless a related law, and theorists something yet unknown about par- ve since predicted that the in- tides is involved. S -11- ia c l miap+n ifll The en'eriments were conduct- i 'I