THE TEACHER STRIKE: WHY NOT THE PUPILS? See Editorial Page L 414tr4t CYt AL- AdV 471 A --W at SUNNY High-74 Low-A Fair, seasonably mild today Seventy-Six Years of Editorial Freedom VOL. LXXVI, No. 32S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, JUNF 17, 1966 SEVEN CENTS Scientists Attemt To Put Sleepin gTime By MICHAEL HEFFER sleep, but are actually far from Yet such training is not limited perspiration and many vital func- iods responses seem too slow for tell upon awakening which stage Such discrimination can be T Last of a two-part series sleeping. to Zen Buddhists. The late presi- tions. rememberance. of sleep she had just been in. taught. Cats were given shocks w During this sutained meditation, dent John Kennedy had the men- Zen Buddhists have learned to Sleep learning started as a In another study it was discov- when a certain tone was played o toswhocandentea brin gscientists having found the sig- tacomman acontrol their heart beats. If a business in 1947, when special ered that if the subjects were during sleep. If they moved, thee those who can enter a boring sntss hving foundth sriga- tal command and concentration short way could be found to teach records and phonographs to be given motivation to respond while shock stopped. They learned to r oers, too selfosciou to sleep ed alpha waves-are identical to enabling him to go to sleep for such control to all people, heart used during sleep were first sold. asleep, such as to avoid punish- move in their sleep only when f others, tooself-conscioustosleepthe ones coming from those en- naps if he wanted in the midst of ailments, ulcers, headaches and This developed into a big busi- ment, they responded. Otherwise that tone, and not others, was s tay ee soe a to ltering the first stage of sleep. tense conferences. other conditions might be par- ness, during the next ten years, they did not. played. butscentfi stdisicstgraenoterstuy adoumers Casshvealsobenaseli asleep and wake up in exactly 50 What this means is that the Zen Scientists have recently been tially controllable. but scientific studies cast grave mintes. ndnyektrtyameCxhe sbei Buddhists have, by years of train- experimenting with the recogni- However, controlling and util- doubt on its effectiveness, and it announced o t loud while the sub- controlling the onset of sleep. minutesc t. . ing, enabled themselves to utilize tion of and control by an individ- izing deeper stages of sleep than died out jects slept. Only after REM sleep Scientists learned that a certain Yet scientists are discovermnga period of sleep for thought. ual of stages of sleep. By inform- alpha drowsiness seems very dif- Now scientists are re-opening were the numbers remembered, signal transmitted via electrodes that many people, perhaps every- A Zen Buddhist can remain as g volunteers when they were in ficult, if not impossible. The basic the field. In one experiment and only when the subject was implanted in a cat's brain would and ake atrdesied times, and long as five days in this state a stage of drowsiness prior to reason scientists feel there is a scientists had volunteers press a awakened within ten seconds. cause the cat to feel sleepy anda and wake at desired times and without going to sleep, and yet sleep, they have been able to teach chance to utilize sleep is that switch when a tone sounded. The These experiments suggest that go to sleep. They played a certain even accomplish threaining wareof what happens people when they were entering sleep, after all, is a form of con- scientists had the tone go on just simply repeating information all tone before giving the signal.e The fact that people could be around him. None of the usual the stage, and teach them to con- sciousness. when brain signals indicated the night will not bring about learn- Soon the cats felt sleepy as soons trained to utilize sleep periods has side effects of lack of sleep are trol it by ending it Sleep is a state of conscious- subject was entering REM sleep ing, for the knowledge disappears as they heard the tone t been known for some time. Zen noted in these situations. In doing this, they have appar- ness because the brain is aware of The subject soon learned to as quickly as dreams. Sleep learning experiments have b Buddhists can coordinate mental Training of this sort has also ently taught people what it takes what happens outside. However, push the switch without hearing However, not all sounds are re- shown that subjects are more re- c and physical activities to the enabled people to control their Zen Buddhists years to accom- while responses during REM sleep the tone, indicating that somehow ceived in the same way. The sound sponsive during sleep if they have u point that they actual utilize for breathing to the extent that they plish. Perhaps this might also be -a period of rapid dreaming-are he had learned to tell when the of one's own name amidst a been hypnotized. t meditation periods in which they appear dead and can live for 40 done with the autonomic nervous almost identical to those in the REM period was approaching. stream of other names is enough Scientists have found the easiest a are in a relaxed state approaching minutes in air-tight boxes. system that controls heart rate, awake brain, at other sleep per- Another subject was taught to to awaken someone. things to learn have been negative. t FOUR PAGES o Use Chat is, the brain soon learns vhich outside activities are not f danger and can be ignored. For xample, while ordinary noises nay be of no effect, a burglar's ootstep may rouse a sleeping per- on. It soon becomes obvious that the najor problem involved is that of ecalling what goes on in the brain luring the night. What scientists ave to find is some way to pos- ibly influence the brain to record [reams " and outside stimuli, for Jthough the brain responds to verything atnnight, its memory system does not. Hardly foreseen 10 years ago, he study of sleep has extended its enefits into medicine, pharma- ology, psychiatry, into the sched- ling of work, and rest and into he education of the individual cquainting him with himself and he uses of his remarkable brain. Examines Ethics of Experiments Medical Professor Complains of Use of Unconsenting Humans BOSTON (,)-The question of ethics in performing medical ex-I periments on humans without their consent has been raised by a Harvard Medical School professor. The American Medical Associa- tion, while declining direct com- ment yesterday on the charges of Dr. Henry K. Beecher, indicated its support of a World Medical' Association declaration which would limit human experiments to the patients who give informed consent. Dr. Beecher, chairman of a Har-g yard faculty committee studying ethics in human experiments, said more than a thousand persons un-I knowingly have been subject of scientific tests in some 50 cases. He charged in one instance that investigators withheld penicillin and other antibiotics from 5001 Air Force men without their knowledge or consent. He said the men were suffering strep throat infections which can lead to rheu- matic fever. About five per cent contracted rheumatic fever, Beech- er said. Writing in the New England Journal of Medicine, Dr. Beecher cited examples he said were from leading medical schools, hospitals -university, private and Veter- ans Administration-and govern- ment military departments. An AMA spokesman said the group's House of Delegates meet- ing later this month has been urg- ed to accept the Declaration of Helsinki, adopted in 1954 under sponsorship of the World Medi- cal Association. The declaration states that hu- man experiments should be per- formed only by qualified doctors, with the informed consent of the patient. Dean Robert Higgins Ebert of{ Harvard Medical School declined comment on his colleague's charg- es. But Dean Franklin G. Ebaugh of Boston University Medical School disagreed with the impli- cations of the Beecher article. He said, "Nothing in my experience has shown any unethical prac- tice." "AtBoston University, two sen- ior staff members must sign a printed form stating they have weighed the risks and benefits of treatsent," Dean Ebaugh said. ----__ ____ -""'3 Arrested } cle ci gtit 4&iI In March in NEWS WIRE Mississippi N E -UW -------- 7 11 W- - -- - mw ww4w wwmmm STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY will wind up their Conference on Political Organizations this morning and convene their National Conference after dinner in the Multi- purpose Rm. of the UGLI. The conference is expected to elect national officers and set SDS policies for the summer. MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY TRUSTEES, calling the Legislature's appropriation to MSU inadequate, boosted tuition yesterday by $30 a year for Michigan residents and $150 for out-of-state students. It also ordered a study of the possibility of raising tuition on a student's ability to pay. Starting with the fall term, tuition for Michigan residents will climb from $324 to $354 a year and for out-of-state students from $870 to $1,020. MSU officials told the House Ways and Means Committee May 11 it needed $1.7 million more than the $51.3 million which the Senate approved. The Senate figure was $1.15 million above Gov. George Romney's recommendation. The House added no additional money. The additional money, MSU officials said, was needed to meet commitments based on the number of students to be ad- mitted next fall and the number of instructors needed to teach them. They said at the time a tuition raise might have to be considered. MSU had about 35,000 students on its East Lansing campus this year, and expects about 38,000 next year. DIPLOMAS WILL BE AWARDED tonight to 191 new doctors, the largest graduating class in the Medical School's 116-year history. After the Class Day Ceremony and Honors Convocation, scheduled for 8 p.m. in Hill Aud., the graduates will begin year- long internships in hospitals around the United States. Half are remaining in Michigan-a higher proportion than in recent years. After their internships most will pursue additional years of hospital residency training in a specialty or in general family practice. University President Harlan Hatcher will preside at the Class Day Ceremony. Dean William N. Hubbard Jr. will present the diplomas and awards. The senior class has invited C. John Tupper, M.D., to deliver the principal address. Dr. Tupper, who was associate dean of the Medical School until last winter, now is dean of the new University of California Medical School at Davis. HARVARD PRESIDENT Nathan M. Pusey says that it would be a "colossal waste of time" to require universal government service as suggested by Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara. Pusey, in a baccalaureate address at Harvard, said, "I cannot believe our government could possibly provide a demanding and meaningful experience for the millions of people, men and women, who would be involved." He said there must be some sort of selective service, and that it should be made as equitable as possible. Pusey said that "it is in the best interest of the United States that many of you get on with your careers in academic life, and if you feel truly called to do so, I hope you will. go on determinedly without apology or shame." King Vows To Go On; Canvassing Continues In Nearby Counties - By HARVEY WASSERMAN Special To The Daily GREENWOOD, Miss. - The "Meredith March" through Mis- sissippi met with its first leader- ship arrest yesterday in what seems to be an attempt to stage a major confrontation with the hitherto cooperative Mississippi police. Stokley Carmichael, head of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, Bob Smith, SNCC staff member, and Bruce Baines of CORE were arrested yesterday by Greenwood police when they refused to halt their attempts to pitch tents in a GreenwoodI schoolyard. March leaders say they intend to secure the release immediately of the three men and have contacted John Doar of the Justice Department in an attempt to do so. True Feelings it was felt by many in the march that the extensive police cooperation as per Gov. Paul Johnson's orders, was obviously not reflective of the true feelings of Mississippi whites or of the police themselves and had merely been employed as a singular tac- tic to paint a false picture of Mississippi race relations. Thus, some feltyesterday's move was an attempt to show the core of the true feelings of the whites. The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference said, "This incident is indicative that Missis- sippi is, still a state flied with brutalty and hatred toward the Negro. It is necessary for 9l peo- ple of good will to get together and expose the tragedy of Missis- sippi. We are determined to make this march to Jackson and call on all persons to join us." Earlier in the day 300 marchers walked from a spot near Holcom into Leflore county where Green- wood is located. As the marchers approached Greenwood, area Ne- groes joined the march until they numbered almost 700. The march- ing ended at the usual time of 5 p.m. at a spot some six and a half miles from Greenwood, from which they were brought by car and truck to the town. Over 300 curious onlookers were reported at the Greenwood campsite. -Associated Press A PLAINCLOTHES SOUTH VIETNAMESE OFFICER collars a student demonstrator near the Sai- gon Medical College. Small crowds of demonstrators against the government of Premier Nguyen Cao Ky, rioting for the past several days, were kept under control by police and troops. U.S. Advisers Leave Hue Battle After Failure to Quiet Rebels11 S A I G O N (U') - Government' soldiers brushed aside a risk of civil war for a blow yesterday at remnants of rebellion in Hue. Elite paratroopers fired on dis- sident South Vietnamese infan- trymen who attempted a march under Buddhist flags and anti- government banners. of 250 Viet Cong. The five-hour fight came before dawn on a rocky hilltop 25 miles northwest of the Leatherneck base at Chu Lai. Only two of the Marines were unwounded and, in the words of S. Sgt. Jimmie Howard of San Diego, Calif., only seven "were able to pull at trigger" when the i. . . The paratroopers killed one and enemy was iwuy 1epuisu xiLI wounded at least three. That the help of airlifted reinforce- didn't settle matters. ments. Forty-five of the enemy ard-coree insurges oft twere found dead. Hard-core insurgents of the 1st' On the political front, the gov- Vietnamese Division, an outfit of ernment imposed a 9 p.m.-4 a.m. wavering loyalties for months, curfew in Saigon to curb rioting barricaded themselves in a wal- that has flared for four days. De- ed citadel of the former imperialIdaring again that Communists capital. They shot at five West-have infiltrated the Buddhist tors burned an American auto- mobile they found parked near the Buddhist Institute. They also threatened two U.S. servicemen, but both escaped unharmed. The Unified Buddhist Church called on monks to abandon pa- godas and "continue the fight from your homes, from every- where, until the government falls." The government appeared de- termined to smash the agitation. It prepared to celebrate one year in office Sunday with political and economic decrees that would solidify its power. Government sources said the aim is to show the leaders of a vocal Buddhist minority, influen- tial in the downfall of President Ngo Dinh Diem in 1963 and sev- eral later regimes, that they will have no luck this time. Wayne State Will Not Give Class Rank Draft Deferment System Felt To Be In Need of Change By MIKE DITKOWSKY The current status of the Se- lective Service was dealt anoth- er setback today when the presi- dent of Wayne State University announced that the school will stop determining the class stand- ings of undergraduate students. President William R. Keast an- nounced the policy decision to the Wayne State University Board of Governors, who were in McG'eg- or Hall this morning for their monthly meeting. _. The.board unanimously approv- ed the policy, which had been the result of consultation with fac- ulty, administration and students. The move will hinder the Seec- tive Service, which has relied on class standings to determine which students should get draft defer- ments. Draft boards will be forced to rule on the basis of Individ- ual stnudent grades. Protest On May 13, a group of Wayne State students urged in a letter to Keast that the current Selec- tive Service rating system be abpl- ished. The letter was the result of a confrontation between stu- dents planning a protest against administration of the draft test at the university and Vice-Presi- dent for Student Affairs James McCormick. President Keast said he feels, "That the added emphasis on grades and class standings pro- duced by the Selective Service procedures intensifies several un- desirable features of our present system of higher education." He said that the rating system Is un- trustworthy, misleading and ur- *- fair. Keast stated, however, that a last set of class standings for the quarter ending Tuesday will be compiled by the university to pro- tect students who had presumed the practice would not be discon- tinued and who therefore failed to register for the Selective Serv- ice examination. The university will continue to determine class standings of grad- uating classes. New Policy Keast urged legislators and edu cators to fit the new policy into "a comprehensive review of the national service policy." Keast al- so said that the university should consider abolishment of grading in favor of the "pass or fail" sys- tem in some courses. Keast's long-range suggestions for revision of grading and Selec- tive Service policy were not pre- sented to the board, though Keast has said he will continue to con- sider other policy changes. Keast stated that Wayne State has always had a policy of releas- ing grades only upon student re- quest. "The present crisis for the 1need to examine the Selective Service System of computing grades," as he puts it. has been brought about due to the insis- tence of the draft boards for class ern newsmen who approached the gates to interview them, but hit none. The crackdown on behalf of Premier Nguyen Cao Ky's regime had some earmarks of the opera- tion that crushed an uprising May 23 of dissident troops and armed Buddhist civilians at Da Nang after eight.days of sporadic fight- ing. With tank support, the para- troopers and riot police took over Hue's key points. Elsewhere in this land where war and politics so often mingle, 18 U.S. Marines made an epic stand against an attacking force movement, it gave every indication, of offering no quarter. Shortly before they curfew went into effect, Buddhist demonstra- Oregon Coed May ace Jail For 6 Months on Contempt SURVEY RESEARCH CENTER REPORT: EUGENE, Ore. (A')-Annette Lesley Buchanan is a typical Uni- versity of Oregon coed. She likes dating, reading Ernest Heming- way and listening to folk music. The Hemingway and folk music she probably can continue, but her dating may be curtailed. There is a possibility she may soon spend up to six months in jail. She is the 20-year-old journal- ism student who was cited for con- tempt Wednesday for her refusal newspaper at the University of Oregon, Miss Buchanan interview- ed seven students about marijuana. Dist. Atty. William Frye of Lane County read the story, published on May 24--that's the same day Frye lost the 4th District Demo- cratic congressional nomination to Charles O. Porter in the Oregon primary election-and summoned Miss Buchanan and three other student editors before a grand jury. Consumer Optimism Down With Inflation The University's Survey Re- search Center reports American consumers are definitely less op- timistic about both the business outlook and their own spending intentions than they were earlier this year. The widely respected survey, a quarterly report which analyzes current consumer attitudes, has been sent to private corporate clients of the research center but of consumer sentiment,' its own key yardstick for gauging consum- er behavior. This index fell to 95.8 in May, when the latest survey was com- piled, from 99.8 in February, a four-point decline that represents a marked deterioration in con- sumer confidence and supports more concrete evidence-the drops in stock prices and in automobile and retail sales-that the boom vey's index since last August's peak is the sharpest it has re- corded since 1957-58, when the economy experienced a recession. The Survey Research Center re- port has registered a much sharp- er decline than the Census Bu- reau survey, last released in April, although it indicated that auo- mobile sales were peaking out. The current drop does not nec- essarily mean that a recession lies ohaa T "he TUnivrsnit urvevru has they are not doing so as a result of the Administration's policies. The survey found that consum- ers were not greatly influenced by Viet Nam. But they have been affected by the Administration's reluctance to curb inflation. The survey flatly states that "infla- tion heads the list" of reasons cited by consumers for their grow- ing concern about the economy and their sagging enthusiasm for gnnls. fall in consumer appetites for dur- able goods was not limited to any one income group. Rather, it shows that the drop is evenly dis- tributed throughout every income level. Another indication of fading optimism is that only 19 per cent of the consumers sampled by the survey expect to be better off next year. Because most of those quer- ied do not look for an improve- ment, they may well spend less to tell a grandt jury ner sources otmtCtto 1~ Uki~i ga~i UL 1C1b~U. s Contempt Citation of a story about marijuana. Her trial will be June 27. The other three students wery "I panic once a day," she says. dismissed whthen y said the "Like I've been hit in the stomach. tudentsknuoted n the story t But it passes." H~elp Offers Miss Buchanan declined to say She has been almost swamped who were her sources, and the with offers of help. "It's stag- contempt citation resulted. gering," she says. "People think How does she feel about jail? I'm freedom of the press itself, "I don't know how long I could but I'm no different today than I last," she says, "but I do know was a month ago." that I have a duty to myself and She estimated 20 letters and to those who trusted me to fulfill