Seventy-First Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. " Phone NO 2-3241 COLLEGE CRISIS: Subsidy:N.Y. CHAMBER MUS ,y 1VIZ.LI. C~IAMBER MUS J Politi lowe Are Pre rill PrevW"V Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. Y, FFBRUARY 19, 1961 NIGHT EDITOR: PETER STUART Fraternity Goals Need Redefinition OSOPHY 63 is one of the most popular' dergraduate courses in the University. ncern of its scope is the phiosophical of communism, fascism, and democracy. meern of its scope is the philosophical and assertions which are jarringly un- table to' his provincial and ill-conceived' es and opinions. of these unsettling notions was raised in o 63 lecture this week when the point ade that our civilization (the western one rate) professes the ideals of brother- and community, but does not practice r facets of this same problem are per- ven more disturbing. There are a long reprehensible actions done in the name herhood, and the consequences of actu- rformingly a validly humane action are ocial and moral ostracism. EVENTS which have marked the fra- nity scene in the last few weeks clearly such contradiction of thought with national fraternity, Beta Theta Pi, has' r lost one of its locals and is in the pro- forcing out another. Alpha Tau Omega obably lose its chapter at Stanford with elihood of having to drop its other five on the campuses of the state colleges ifornia. Phi Delta Theta has ordered e Forest group to depledge a Jewish stu- t a school which strongly condemns dis- ese disaffiliations, overt and impend- ame about because a few undergraduates y wanted to evaluate people on individual nal merits, and not on the grounds of or religion. The officers of the national Tities consider such heretical beliefs not '' the context of "brotherhood" of their c letter group, though'they profess to be rged in the ethical teachings of Christ nbued with the essence of "fraternity." SERA of the written bias clause is dying it. The percentage of fraternities having discriminatory rulings, already small, will bly be zero by the end of this decade. removal of written criterion limiting iership to those of "Aryan blood" or' those "embrace Christianity" does not mean, rer, that discrimination will automati- end. Although there are only three un- duate social fraternities at the Univer- hich have such bias rulings (Sigma Chi, Nu, ATO), there is not a single affiliated on campus that could claim it is not ominantly" Christian, Negro or Jewish. 'A TAU OMEGA restricts membership white Christians. The Stanford ATO's, Mting rusheees on the basis of individual tality prfiles, invited four Jewish stu- to pledge this fall. en the national office discovered this, Ps through one of the stagnant-thinking d who issued a complaint, it took quick . The high council of national officers ded on the Stanford unit, conducted hearings, and left when they could not the Stanford group to depledge the stu- involved. The ATO president at Stan- who fully expects his group to be cut out e national organization, is more than to continue as a local unit to preserve his brothers think is a democratic and rocess. ) national officers claim it is a "Christian pity. Any definition of this term that :e valid and viable necessitates an ethic precludes selection on the basis of skin or belief in a particular deity. DELT pledged a Jewish boy at Lake For- . An order by the national demanded the it's depledging, "not because he is a Jew, cause he is not a Christian." The grossly able position here is the same as saying, 't mind the altitude; it's the height that me. Phi Delts at Lake Forest have not yet up their mind on what action they are going to take. The school they are at sbyterian-affiliated and has spoken out ly against discrimination. If the fratern- eps the boy, the national will, in all likeli- disaffiliate it. If they obey the national's and, the college is duty bound to remove ecognition. BETA CASE is perhaps the most inter- ug~ one of the three. Williams college d a Negro student last fall. The national an injunction preventing the fraternity nitiating any of its pledges "until further "They claimed an "unfavorable atmos- existed at Williams. Dartmouth Betas investigated the situa- t Williams. Officers of the Dartmouth ad taken an oath that they knew of no aination in their fraternity. They have letter to the Dartmouth Undergraduate IL by the national claiming members of upon the Bowdoin chapter when it pledged a Negro last year, pressure so great that the stu- dent concerned found himself able to take no other action but to drop out of the chapter on his own "volition." The general secretary of the fraternity told the Dartmouth chapter that he knew of no Negroes in a Beta local, despite what the letter purports to say is true. This man, who says he believes his fraternrity is a "Christian" one, has seen it fit to lie to his brother fraternity mem- bers and to attempt to make a mockery out of a highly respected college. THE DARTMOUTH chapter of Beta resigned from the national organization this week. It didn't leave the national because of the col- lege's demands; Dartmouth had accepted the letter in good faith and allowed the chapter to continue on campus. Stanford ATO and Williams Beta will also lose their chapters if the locals hold firm on their protesting posi- tions. The pressures building up against the na- tional fraternity system are increasing in force and multiplying in originating directions. Col- lege administrations, acting with or despite student governmental agencies, have evolved various ways of combating discrimination in fraternities and sororities. Deadline dates for the removal of bias clauses, firm warnings that discrimination will not be tolerated, and the establishment of committees to investigate prejudice in membership selection are three common techniques. STATE GOVERNMENTS are beginning to ex- ert pressures on the fraternities to end dis- crimination. California's Attorney General Stanley Mosk has begun a study of membership practices of ATO in state supported colleges in the state.. His findings may be brought to court, where ATO's recognition by state col- leges M'iay be declared unconstitutional. The courts have never ruled, primarily because of a lack of cases,.that a governmental body (or a constitutionally incorporated one like the Uni- versity) can not recognize an organization which discriminates on the basis of race or religion. Such a decision seems imminent now, especially in view of the court's position on de- segregation in educational institutions. These kinds of pressures are all from with- out the system, and will never effect a basic change in the thinking of the fraternities though written clauses are abandoned and out- ward displays of "integration" are made. The fraternities will resist the efforts of the schools and the state, thinking that they are victims of anti-Greeks who want to persecute them. THE OUTSIDE pressures, however, are now , being supplemented by those within the system itself. Voluntary disaffiliation from the national in protest to discriminatory and pre- judicial membership selections has a powerful effect on determining the direction in which fraternities will go. The severing of national ties is the strongest protest a chapter can make. The cases of the Stanford ATO's, the Dart- mouth and Williams Betas, and the hoped-for action by the Lake Forest Phi Delts are unique ones. Singular examples have occurred before. The almost simultaneous action of these three groups, however, may not be coincidental. Fraternity meh constantly re-evaluate their goals and ideals, redefine the purposes of a fraternity. These instrospections into the na- ture and extent of the social and moral forces attached to affiliated living units often yield results which are not compatible with the no- tions that a national has expressed for fifty or a hundred years. (EDITOR'S NOTE: This i the final article in a three-part series on higher education in New York State.) By RICHARD OSTLING Daily Staff Writer GOVERNOR Nelson Rockefeller led off his speech at the opening session of the New York State Legislature recently with this plea: "Of all the issues facing the Legislature, none is more urgent -none more vital to the future of freedom itself-than is the role of . . , higher education, The coming enrollment crush is not a hypothetical problem. It is real and immediate. It relates to boys and girls who are at this very time making application to col- lege." Gov. Rockefeller made the following proposals Jan. 31: 1) A yearly grant of $26 million to 110,000 New York students who attend private colleges in the state. Undergraduates would re- ceive $200 annually, masters' can- didates $400 and doctoral candi- dates $600. 2) An increase in state scholar- ships so that one out of every ten high school graduates will receive one. 3) Establishment of two new public universities with compre- hensive graduate centers. 4) Formation: of five new two- year community colleges. 5) A charge of uniform tuition at all public colleges in New York state (except the City College of New York, four schools which are largely autonomous from the state education department and charge no tuition to local resi- dents.) 6) Gradual expansion of the liberal arts offerings at the 11 state teachers' colleges. This broad, dynamic program may prove to be the crowning achievement of Gov. Rockefeller's first term-it faces squarely the largest problem facing the richest and most populous state in the nation. IF ACCEPTED in full, the new college set-up would add $51 mil- lion to the present $87 million annual State expenditure on pub- lic higher education. This is a healthy cut into the taxpayer's bankroll, but in the long run it is the only economi- cal course to take. In the first place, building now will be cheap- er than building five years from now, if inflation continues to in- crease gradually. But more important, the state will lose thousands of trained em- ployees and citizens until it reme- dies the present situation. Some capable persons will never enter college, while others will leave the state for the college years and never return.. * . . ANOTHER VIRTUE of fast and sufficient action is that it will curb the entrance of the federal government into college educa- tion. Federal action is undesirable in terms of efficiency, academic freedom and the general consti- tutional tenor of leaving educa- tion up to the several states. For the federal government has been inclined, indeed forced, to fulfill those societal needs when the states have failed to act ef- fectively. It is true that application fig- ures may have exaggerated the "college crisis," since there are so many multiple applications. And the actual needs of society are made harder to measure be- cause of the high drop'out rate in college. * * WHILE THERE IS a tremen- dous pressure to get into college, over half of those who enter four- year colleges in the nation do not receive a degree. Judging from statements made by students at many colleges, New York State has the same problem. It is wasteful to enter students who are not qualified. As an ad- missions officer at Princeton Uni- versity said last week on national televiion, it doesn't makehsense to accept a ,student unless he can graduate. * * * WE SHOULD MOVE away from the idea that everyone should have a chance to make the grade at college. However, lowering of the drop- out rate depends on vastly im- proved testin g and prediction techniques in deciding what is college material in each year's high school graduating class. Despite these factors, New York obviously faces a great need, and one for which many solutions have been offered. The specific plans for improve- ment in New York are more num- erous than has been indicated in this series. The Heald Commission made over 100 recommendations But those major portions of the governor's educational plan listed earlier are more controversial and significant. THE EDITORIAL page of The New York Times for many weeks has grappled with the problem of mili r+ nvto ivat cnllee students. diZe only those for whom it is not ruled out. And above all the controversy over whether the plan is good or bad, it seems clear that the New York State Consetitution precludes any state aid to the many church- related colleges. It says that the state may not use puglic monies "directly or in- directly in aid . . . of any school or institution of learning wholly or in part under the control or direction of any religious denomi- nation . .: " " THE DETROIT NEWS declared editorially Jan. 23 that college aid is not the same as secondary school aid, but New York law makes no such distinction. Whether or not the private aid plan is constitutional, perhaps the state's efforts would best be put into state schools at the moment, anyway. New York's private schools are well-established educational plants even though they are running in- to financial problems. The state's first duty is to its own public sys- tem which is so far behind its private schools, and the public schools elsewhere, that it poses the most immediate problem. And if the private colleges must raise their tuitionrates, this sit- uation can be made less serious by the proposed doubling of the state scholarship prigram. * * * THIS program offers money to the best students on the basis of their financial needs. Under new proposals, the maximum amounts offered would realistically match the high tuitions at private uni- versities, whereas the honorary awards to students who need no help would be minimal. In effect, this program can act to subsidize the individual stu- dent who wishes to go to a private college. Only the top students re- ceive the state scholadships, but ony the top students will gen- erally be admitted to the private universities anyway. There is one fault in state scholarships which is overlooked in Gov. Rockefeller's proposals- they can only be used by students who matriculate in their home state. This is a generally unrealistic and unfair requirement. The par- ents of those who decide to at- tend schools out of state have been paying New York tax money, and it is ridiculous to expect a student in a specialized field to find just what he wants in New York. The policy also denies that there can be educational value in study- ing in a totally new environment from that lived in earlier years. * * * IDEALLY, A student should se- lect the college that is best for his educational desires no matter where it is located, and to re- ceive financial help if he is de- serving and needful. The present ruling is probably a partial result of the unfavorable "balance of trade" in which many more students leave the state after high school graduation than come in. As the public colleges im- prove, restricted scholadships will be needed less and less to keep students in the state. Ultimately, many inter-state ex- changes might be worked out by which students from New York, for example, would pay in-state tuition at this University, while Michigan residents would pay re- duced fees in New York But Gov,. Rockefeller wants to keep New York's talent from leav- ing the state, and his position will remain justifiable until such time as the public colleges are of sufficient quality that the num- ber of those college students leav- ing the state will be approximated by the number coming in from other states. * * * COMPREHENSIVE public uni- versities offering undergraduate and graduate work in many fields are sorely needed by the state, but in the long-range view, perhaps two centers will be inadequate. And it has always been a con- cern of the New York Board of Regents to geographically distri- bute its public colleges; the pro- posed new institutions would prob- ably be in the New York City and Buffalo areas, located at two ex- tremes of the state. Not only could one or two oth- er universities be placed in the center of the state, but they could be developed at the two outstand- ing colleges in the state college, system, Harpur College in the Triple Cities area, and the teach- ers' college at Albany. Establishment of more than the present community colleges is a recognition of a coming trend in higher education, but these efforts will be largely wasted unless more effort is made to insure the qual- ity of these colleges. * * * THE COLLEGES should be aim- at starting the student in the first half of a four-year educational experience as well as offering ter- minal programs, designed to end the student's formal education. Even if the localized centers do offrer 1eieari art c., e. - tcal Issue The report stated that at these schools "professional courses in education have been increased out of proportion to the legitimate subject matter in the field" and recommended that they be made liberal arts colleges with teacher education programs. THE FACT IS that liberal arts training forms the central need, not the frosting, of a system of higher education. Gov. Rockefeller, the State Uni- versity, and the Board of Regents have asked a move in this direc- tion, although in words and in spirit they have Weakened the Heald position. There is a considerable differ- ence between a renovation to lib- eral arts status (while offering fewer hours of higher-quality edu- cation courses to those who wish them) and a gradual expansion of the liberal arts courses at places which are basically education schools. Even for the prospective teach- er, pedagogical methods should be a sideline, not a primary focus, of higher education. As long as these 11 colleges are aimed in the professional direction, many stu- dents will plan to leave the state. AN IMPROVEMENT in New York could have many effects on this University. If the quality of public colleges there 'improves significantly, there will probably be fewer and fewer applicants from New York to study here. Byron Groesbeck, Assistant Di- rector of Admissions, predicts that a shift in New York will lead naturally to a smaller number of New Yorkers attending here, and will therefore result in a more cos- mopolitan student body, because the large number of New York ap- plicants at present limits the ad- missions from other areas. * * * MOST IMPORTANT are the ef- fects in New York's education. The proposals before the legislature this month are moderately pro- gressive and will not require a great financial sacrifice on the part of the citizen since the pro- posed raise is small compared to the total state budget. In fact, they may not be far- reaching enough in some of the ways outlined above. The citizens of New York have a long "way ,to go to match what other leading states are doing in this field. . * * * TODAY THERE are hundreds of thousands of children sitting . in third grade classrooms polishing their knowledge of addition, spell- ing, and grammar-the Class of 1970. When they leave high school will they find double the present col- lege facilities and a wide range of high quality, low cost curriculums to enter? Even this year the society's need for higher education was not met. To provide what is needed in 1970 and to come close to what will be needed next year, the New York government has little choice to make, and little time to lose. Vienna Octet Achieves Impressive Unity THE OUTSTANDING feature about the Vienna Octet is the remark- able degree to which the individual performers blend together to form the whole. Rarely is this cooperation experienced; and when it is combined with an intense desire and feeling for the music, the results can be quite pleasant. Last night at Rackham Auditorium the Vienna Octet succeeded in doing this. in a concert of three works. The program opened with an octet by the contemporary Marcel Poot, composed expressly for the Vienna Octet. The work is set in three mildly contrasting movements. The first of these opens vigorously, almost joyously but as it develops, this mood is interrupted more and more frequently by passages of intense weariness, of vain searching. This latter mood prevails into the; highly introspective. The third movement begins in deep melan- choly. Toward the middle, it re- gains some of the vigor of before, but not its lightness. The work is not at all pretty, nor was it treated as such by the Octet. IT IS INTERESTING to note that, of his total of 121 opi, not until the 114th did Johannes Brahms compose a major number which included a solo clarinet. This interest in the instrument appears frequently in his final works, among which is the "Clari- net Quintet in B minor," played last night. The themes of this work are quite romantic, one of which has a striking resemblance to one in Schumann's Piano Con- certo. Brahms did not overbalance the quintet with clarinet color,' but. rather prod'uces an equality of all the instruments. The clari- net is contrasted with the strings, not pitted against them. The pre- dominan mood is morose and pa- thetic, with only sporadic emer- gences from it. Even the con moto finale did not liven up though, as would be expected, and one was left with the same feeling of gloom. Although it is a sad work, the group treatment of it tended to greatly overemphasize the fact. * * * THE HIGH POINT of the eve- ning came with the final work,-the Divertimento No. 15 in B-flat by Mozart. All of Mozart's diverti- menti were written during the first half.of his life, and they re- flect vividly his strict adherence to the Classical Form. This num- ber is in six movements, ranging in moods from adagio to molto allegro. This is Mozart at his most delightful and charming, and proved especially welcome after the two preceding heavy works. The Divertimento was treated with a light touch which is almost mandatory in his chamber music.' The French horn and bassoon pro- vided a pleasing contrast to the strings, and the cello and bass supplied a light accompaniment. In several of the movements the violin had solo cadenzas, which were a sharp contrast to the in- strumental blending- in the entire' piece. Both the "Theme and 'Six Variations" and the beautiful Adago stood out, singing with a crystal tone. The sprightly allegro. concluded the Mozart work and the program, almost making one forget the melancholy created earlier. --H. A. Shevitz DISAGREEMENT among the Regents (an incident as rare as a month in Ann Arbor without rain) occurred at Friday's meet- ing over a matter labelled as merely "administrative" by Vice- President Marvin L. Niehuss. The argument concerned restriction of the use of certain University li- braries. The first part, restricting the use of the medical. library, went through without quarrel. BUT THE SECOND, limiting the use of University libraries by high school students, aroused the ob- jections of Regent Eugene Power. The change requires a permission card from the school librarian of each high school student desiring to use the University's Undergrad- uate Library which would be valid only for the time specified to com- plete the student's research. It bars high school students from us- ing the General and divisional li- braries. Power argued that non-Univer- sity students should have rights to-use University library materials, if the privilege werernot abused. He said some had abused the privilege, but that the proposed restrictions would pose a great ob- stacle in the way of those need- ing to use the library. REGENT IRENE Muiphy ex- pressed her personal experience with the problem. Mrs. Murphy said she was in the library read- ing her Regents material one day when an employee approached her to see if she were using library materials. "I resented it," she as- serted. Regent Donald Thurber return- ed from a phone call Just before the vote and asked whether his vote would be decisive and if it would, could the motion and ar- gument be summarized. He was told his vote would not be decisive and so he announced he would abstain to be fair in the matter, The vote was called with only Power voting "no," Niehuss prom- ised to inform the .librarians of Power's objections to see if an al- ternative might be feasible, and a decision generally reserved for the of gloom. Although ti is a sad head librarian had been resolved by the Regents. -Michael Burns second movement, where it, becomes - Lbi Unum LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Questions Facts on .New York State IF THE UNDERGRADUATE chapters are al- lowed to develop freely their own notions of what a fraternity ought to be, and democratic- ally permitted to vote on these ideas at conven- tions now controlled by the national organiza- tions or the alumni, the problem of discrimina- tion might cease to exist in a much shorter time. Progress cannot be made by men who look at the university of today as virtually un- changed from the one which was prevalent in the Twenties. An honest man must continually examine his beliefs and the grounds for supporting them. If he finds they need revision, he is compelled to change them to what he views as the better possible state without hindrance from more narrow minds and less open hearts. THE REEVALUATION of fraternity goals must not be restricted to isolated campuses on either coast. Introspection and thought must be given to the problem on every campus, particularly this one. It has been regrettable to note that the fraternities on this campus, particularly the ones involved in the recently publicized controversies, do not seem to realize this. They deny that the action taken in New Hampshire or California or New York has any bearing on them. They prefer to wait until more information is collected and a final de- To the Editor: O)N FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 17, the Daily started a series of ar- ticles concerning New York State higher education. Although New York, like any other state, could use improvement in its higher education level, it is not, as the articles pointed out, far behind other states in providing good low cost education for its students. Betwe en fifty-five and sixty per cent of New Yorkers live in New York City. Every single one of the high school graduates in New York City is offered either a free col- lege education or one at nominal fees. There are seven schools sponsoring this program. These schools boast of a fine faculty, since they are some of the very few schools that offer their faculty a salary comparable to that they can earn doing other work. Each year the top quarter of New York City High School seniors may at- tend these colleges paying no fees except those for purchasing books. Other students with .high school diplomas may enter the school paying only $9 a credit, and may move into the non-paying class if they achieve a B-average. This group of schools has over 80,000 students, second in enrollment only to the entire University of California program. At the current time they do offer programs for getting the Masters Degree which the Daily article denied and it is anticipated that within the next year these schools will be pro- nounced a University and sponsor many Doctor Degree Programs. The schools give undergraduate degrees in the Liberal Arts, En- gineering, Business Administra- tion, Pharmacy, and all other major fields. * - * * THE DAILY ARTICLE men- tions: 'Even a substantial increase ;r a iY VA._ C I'1 0-,' r . . - H f It, seems to me that a newspaper which has been claimed the top daily college paper, would be more complete in presenting material in its editorials. -Archie A. Sader, '64 New Movement.'.. To the Editpr: HAVE you heard about the lat- est mutual association to have come to Ann Arbor? It is called "The Society of Coughers," and its members aim is to cough as loud as they can during the softer mo- ments of a concert. No mind, you, * * * THE SOCIETY was out in full borce at Wednesday night's con- cert featuring the Warsaw Phil- harmonic. As usual, they did a splendid job of ruining teh beauty of the orchestra and its wonder- ful soloist. If you know any peo- ple that find pure enjoyment in coughing loudly, and don't believe in using handkerchiefs, please in- form them that they may join "The Society. of Coughers" by. simply buying a theater'ticket. Now is the time to join before the tickets are sold out! --Sheldon G. Larky, '63 mately 2000 Michigan freshmen, they have been carefull' instruct- with Michigan State, Wayne ed not to cough when the music is State, Eastern Michigan, Western able to drown them, and in order Michigan, Central Michigan, to live up to their high standards Northern Michigan, and Michigan of quality, their method at every Tech taking approximately the concert is to completely disrupt same number. That adds up to and distract the audiecne's train 16,000. of thought. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN (Continued from Page 2). FRI. FEB. 24 FENTON, MICH (Lake Fenton Sch. Dist)-Elem., Sci; HS Art; Gen. Sct., Math, Gen. Shop, Soc. Stud., Chem.,. Gen. Bus/Shorthand., For any additional information and appointments contact the Bureau of Appointments, 3528 Admin. Bldg., NO 3- 1511, Ext. 489. ENGINEERING PLACEMENT INTER- VIEWS-128 W Engrg. Bldg., Ext. 2182. For seniors and grad students.' FEB. 21 (P.M.) APPLETON WOOLEN MILLS, Apple- ton, Wis.-BS-MS: CheE, EE &.ME June frad. Res. & Dev. 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