The Revolution Goes On Seventy-First Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSiTY OF MICHIGAN dons Are Free UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS Peail" a STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 ials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staf writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. Khrushchev Se 1, In U.S. Foreign Policy EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the second in a series of three articles on an exclusive interview with Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev.) By WALTER LIPPMAN I REMINDED Mr. Khrushchev that we had last seen him in October 1958, nearly a year before his visit to the United States. Much has happened in these two-and-a-half years and would he tell me what seemed to him the most important events for good and evil? After a moment or two of hesitation, he replied that during this period the two main forces in the world-the capitalist and the social- ist-have concluded that it was useless to "test" one another by mili- tary means. I took him to mean by "test" the backing of their political aims by the threat of war. In contrast with 1953, when he professed to believe that the United APRIL 20, 1961 NIGHT EDITOR: FAITH WEINSTEIN University Still Needs Freshiman. English 'A [JNIVERSITY IS finally realizing that Johnnys know how to write when they o Michigan. Competition for admission sed entrance requirements considerably, e resulting higher quality freshman, it Led, naturally are more able writers. igh schools too, startled and challenged nilk, have presented them with a more s and stimulating education. hted, the University begins to consider olition of English 23 and 24 and to w ways to use the facilities now devoted e courses. Equally delighted, students: rward to a time when they do not have er with a course they do not need, to when they can schedule courses more with their interests. when the opinion that required English, are no longer needed is inspected, it s clear that the premises on which the tion is based .are only partially correct. FIRST PREMISE-that higher quality ntering students makes freshman writ- irses unnecessary-implies that there rect correlation between a person's in- al prowess and his writing ability. Cer- Sootsayer Y' MONTHS ago, Prof. Newcomb and his w from the social sciences predicted, in e, that there would be a panty raid Y, there was no raid, but: ao rebels staged a raid of their own, asiatic .treachery to defeat the frank, it boys of Boun Oum. ubans hotheadedly traded Russian and an ammunition with one another, dem- ing their childlike curiosity about the ons of the white man, and eylonese mobilized their armies to con- peacefully disobedient minority of the, f their ways. in all, another demonstration of the y and potency of the social sciences. is hope the physicists keep their predic- o themselves.. tainly this tends to be true. But no matter how high his intelligence quotient or how outstanding his high school record, a student who has had little writing experience or, worse yet, faulty instruction, can not be expected to write well. THE SECOND PREMISE is that since Sput- nik, high schools have been jarred into pro- viding students with a better education. Yet public concern cannot in itself create a more rigorous high school English program-that must be done by the teacher. And should the instructor be untalented, ill-trained, or dis- interested, the ~English courses are doomed to ineffectiveness. As the pressure for better secondary schools continues, measures will be taken to improve the quality of instruction, but this process takes time and money. One may conclude then that an increasing number of freshmen know how to write when they come to the University but that a sizable number °'of them still do not. Consequently, English 23 and 24' are becoming more unneces- sary, yet a considerable number of freshman still need such a course. ONE' SOLUTION TO this dilemma would be to give every entering student an. oppor- tunity to be exempt from freshman English. To determine fairly whether or not a student needs additional training, several samples of his writing would have to be evaluated. Obviously i$ would be administratively impossible to take these samples during orientation and evaluate them rapidly enough for the student'to know before registration whether or not to include English 23 in his schedule. Perhaps instead the student could send in -_ samples of his writing with his application for admission. Or high school counselors could administer and send in tests of the student's writing ability, much as college board results are given to the University. Or the college board's English test could be used as the means of evaluation if it proves to be an accurate reflection of writing ability. Somehow these ,administrative difficulties should be worked out. It is unfair to require students to take a course that only 'wastes their 4ime. It is equally unfair not to offer a basic course that some students need. --SANDRA JOHNSON FORGOTTEN IDEALS: Cuban Policy Hinders Corps -P. STEINBERGER ., How To Choo-ose'a Diean RAL WEEKS AGO :at Michigan State .versity a three part motion was intro- into the Student Government which, have set a revolutionary precedent in pals of student-administration relations. motion recommended :that the MSU nt establish an ad hoc committee of s and faculty to study the organization ivities of the office of Dean of Men and recommendations for its future struc- id functions. committee would be consulted prior to ection of the next dean, as representa- the student and faculty bodies, and offer suggestions and comments on the d men to the president in an attempt tof n in his final choice. final point is that the man be a facul- nber who-is, in the motion's words, "a fully in sympathy with the educational Excellence ER CONCLUDING that the arguments ainst the immediate establishment of a corps outweigh those in favor of such the University of Detroit Political Union ts a panacea which one member hopes lve all youth foreign service problems. ommittee report summarizes' America's "The fact that in our judgment the ent of the United States cannot with com- confidence call on any average or above e young American to competently pre- he American viewpoint is, it seems to us, ictment of American education." s the solution is to transform student corps enthusiasm into a demand for tion in the classroom. In this way, Amer- ild produce high school and college grad- with "original, provocative, and challeng- als" and greater knowledge of American Communist dialectics and foreign cul- REPORT SUGGESTS that if this de- and for the "pursuit of excellence for n sake" is made, "the supply (of excel- will be found." When the supply equals mand, "then it will be time for a peace le the clearly needed reform of many s of American education would unques- ly improve the quality of peace corps, .pants, this is not a valid reason for post- its establishment until our education hieved this vaguelv defined "excellence." functions of the university." King, the pres- ent and retiring Dean, is not and has never been a faculty member at MSU. MEMBERS OF THE student government felt that the .motion alone wouldn't carry suf- ficient weight and began circulating a petition among the students. Simultaneously, and with- out connection, another petition was being passed around among the faculty. Both were to be attached to the motion and given to President Hannah when he returned from a trip through Asia, following spring vacation. The student petition alone had several thou- sand 'signatures before the vacation, but when the final push by the petitioners came after the vacation the issue fell totally apart. Neither petition was handed in and the motion in council was indefinitely postponed. Any number of reasons can be given for why the idea failed, iut the looming question is whether or not it should have. The initial point of the motion which calls for the establishment of a body to study of- fice operations and make suggestions on streamlining its methods seems clear and rea- sonable. Such an organization would undoubt- edlyremove much red tape and find ways to shorten procedures. This is not only practical but desirable. E SECOND item is more controversial. Should students and faculty, just because they will be directly and immediately influenced by every directive that comes from that office,. be allowed to voice an opinion on a fnan pro-, posed for the position of Dean of Men? This brings to mind the traditional thought that legislation without representation is not un- fair but unjust. It would be ridiculous to state that students and/or faculty should have complete sway over naming the succeeding Dean; there would be immediate dissentions and indecisions that might never' be resolved. But a small' body of elected representatives for these two interests who would have powers of advice and recom- mendation can surely save the president a great deal of trouble ahead of time if the man he would have chosen is objectionable to these groups. THE THIRD POINT too is debatable. Should the dean always be a former MSU faculty member? The faculty thought so, for apparent reasons. It is true that a faculty man would be more aware of the pressing problems and needs of the university. but too he would be very in- (EDITOR'S NOTE: Alan Guskin, Grad, is chairman of the executive committee of Americans Committed to World Responsibility.) By ALAN GUSKIN ! Daily Guest Writer HE ANTI-CUBAN forces re- siding in the United States and their recent invasions of the Cu- ban mainland pose one of the most serious .threats to the Kennedy administration's statement that it would respect the right of all countries to follow their own be- liefs. While we may say that Ken- nedy's hands are tied on a great many issues due to the policies of the previous administration, we cannot state in any way that the Kennedy administration has given Cuba and Castro a fair chance to exist as a sovereign country, and have a stable relationship with the people and government of the United States. This writer is not committed to Castro or his policies. Some of the reforms that Castro has instituted are noteworthy, some of his for- eign policy is suspect from the point of view of a citizen of the United States, and his actions towards defectors have at times' been, extremely disturbing. Never- theless, he is the leader of the sovereign state of Cuba and as such he must be given the rights of such a leader. ALTHOUGH CASTRO said that he felt the new Administration would be more understanding than the previous one, President Ken- nedy seemed to completely dis- regard this attempt at reconcilia- tion. He called Castro a dictator and a leader who oppresses his people. He was asked to rid his country of the "tyrrany" which he had cast over it. At no time was he asked for the reasons and justifications of his actions; at no time was he given a feeling that the U. S. was concerned with #him or the Cuban people. With this' in mind, one may a, k iow Castro views treatment given him by the United States govern- ment. He sees a Kennedy adminis- ration cooperating with Spain and its dictator, Franco; he sees the United States government co- operating with Salazar , and Por- tugal; he sees the United States government backing those dicta- tors it scan use and calling those whom it cannot use "Communists." He sees on the shores of the, United States a great many of his Cuban enemies being armed with guns and planes. He asks himself, even if these are not supported by the money of the United States government, are they not taking place on United States territory without any attempt to stop. them? He asks himself why, when Is- rael was fighting for its indepen- dence against British domination, the United States had a strict em- bargo on the shipment of arms abroad, yet when a group of anti- Castro Cubans arm themselves; when these Cuban exiles are out- spoken about their desire to over- throw the sovereign nation of Cuba, when these Cubans seem- ingly take off and return to United States soil after having fought against Castro, the United States government stands idly by. THE UNITED STATES govern- ment states that it stands behind the policy of "sympathy" for re- volutionary attempts at, freedom. One hears the pathetic words of Adlai Stevenson, stating the the U. S. sympathizes with the coun- ter-revolutionaries in Cuba. What interpretation could an objective persqn have? First, on the policy of aiding revolutionary governments: Was not and is not Castro's government still a revolutionary government? Why didn't we back it? Is it because it is socialistic? Is it because it disagreed with someof the capitalistic'beliefs of' the United States? If this be the case, then we are' hypocrites, for all we are saying is that we will back only those movements which will benefit us. What Kennedy is then stating is no different from the policies of' Russia, is no different from those policies of Eisenhower which he condemned, and is completely an- tagonistic to his stated beliefs about the United States' role on the international scene. * * SECOND, STEVENSON'S words are basically untrue. Senator Eur gene McCarthy of Minnesota sum- med this up by stating that the Admistration's hands-off policy toward the build-up of Cuban exile forces in Florida could be interpreted as a United States attempt to advance their cause. If Stevenson does not see this, he is growing dull. If he does see this he is speaking half-truths. We are obviously aiding the Cuban exiles, we are obviously taking an active role, merely by our lack of action, in attempting to destroy a sovereign government. We are interfering in the domestic poli- cies of another country, we are denying our statements that we believe all countries have the right to self-determination. We can and should disagree with the policies of some countries but we: should not foster violent action against another nation merely be- cause of this. * * * WE MUST reappraise our Pres- ident's words and reappraise his statements regarding foreign pol- icy. One cannot believe in free- dom-in the right of one man to choose what he desires-and then deny- another his freedom, no matter what manifestations this freedom leads to. certainly, this liberty justifies the right of people to-revolt, but this must be their own effort and not that of an outside power. Finally, we must reappraise our President's statement about a pro- posed Peace Corps. Is a Peace Corps going to follow the policy that rules United States action towards Cuba? Does the Peace Corps have as its main goal the development of a country because it has requested our-help and be- cause we have the skills to per- form the job? Or Is the Peace Corps going to be used merely as an instrument of the cold war? - - * THE STUDENTS AND youth of Latin America need the help of a Peace Corps,- but they will re- fuse it. They will ask, what hap- pens if their commonly held pro- gressive attitudes cause them to disagree with the desires of American Capitalism. Will they also come under the force of United States retaliation? Will the Peace Corps work against their effort to rid themselves of their dictatorships and then attempt to establish a government similar to Castro's original dream? Will the Peace Corps be an extension of the United Fruit Company policy or American oil interests? *. o * HAVE WE SHOWN these people by our actions that the United States can be trusted? Have we by our action shown Latin Amer- icans that we believe in their right to believe what they think is right? Have we shown these people that the Peace Corps will be any dif- ferent from an American pro- paganda mission? The answer is clearly in the negative. Unless the United States govern- ment changes its current polcy, the Peace Corps will fail. Unless the United States government realizes that the Peace Corps must be backed up with economic aid, and a foreign policy which follows the principles of helping others because they need and desire help and he,.iise "it i. right" thn States and Germany might attack because of the growing strength of the Communist orbit, the threat of war from our side was dying down. As a result, the United States was abandoning the "Dulles doctrine" that the neutrality of small states is "immoral." He him- self welcomed President Kennedy's proposals for a neutral Laos. * * * YOU THINK then, I asked him, that there has been a change in United States Policy? To this he replied that while there were some signs of a change, as for example in Laos, it was not a "radical" change, as could be seen in the United States attitude towards dis- armament. What, I asked him, is wrong with the United States at- titude? We cannot see, he replied, that any change is iminent when the subject of disarmnament is put in the hands of such a believer in armaments as Mr. McCloy. We think well of Mr. McCloy and dur- ing his time in Germany we had good relations with him. But ask- ing him to deal with disarmament is a case of asking the goat to look after the cabbage patch. THEN WE GOT onto the sub- ject of nuclear testing. He said that the Western powers were not ready to conclude ai" agreement, and that this ,was shown, among other things, by the demand for 21 or perhaps 19 inspections a year. He had been led personally to believe that the West would be satisfied with about thlee "sym- bolic" inspections. Nirieteen in- spections, our present demand, were nothing but a demand for the right to conduct conplete recon- naisance of the Soviet Union. I asked him about his attitude towards underground testing. He replied that the U.S.S.R. has nev- er done any underground testing and never will. THEN HE WENT on to say that the second reason why he had no great hopes of an agreement was that the French are now testing and are unlikely to sign the agree- ment. To which, I said, and the Chi- nese will do the testing for you. He paused and then said that this was a fair remark. But, he added, while China is moving in the di- rection where she will be able to make tests, she is not yet able to make them. When the time comes that she can, there will be a new problem. We would like all states to sign a nuclear agreement. Finally, he came to his third reason why an agreement may. not be possible. It turns on the prob- lem of the administrator of the agreement. Here, he' was vehe- ment and unqualified. He would never accept a single neutral ad- ministrator. * *~ * WHY? BECAUSE, he said, while there are neutral countries, there are no neutral men. You would not accept a Communist administrator and I cannot accept a non-Com- munist administrator. I will never entrust the security of the Soviet Union to any foreigner. We can- not have another Hammarskjold, no matter where he comes from among the neutral countries. I found this enlightening. It was plain to me that here is a new dogma, that there are no neutral men. After all the Soviet Union had accepted Trygvie Lie and Hammarskjold. The Soviet government has now come to the conclusion that there can be no 'such thing as an impartial civil servant in this deeply divided world and that the kind of politi- , cal celibacy which the British theory of the civil service calls for is in international affairs a fiction. This new dogma has long conse- quences. It means that there can be international cooperation only if, in the administration as well as in the policymaking, the Soviet Union has a veto. (c) 1961 New York Herald Tribune. Inc. him, he spoke with confidence that PROBLEMS: Where's By WILLIAM L. RYAN Associated Press News Analyst I SURE THAT THEIR Soviet friends are willing or able to come to the rescue, Cuba's Com- munist-tinged leaders probably are nervous about their ability to fend for themselves in any drawn-out civil war. They have 'some hard problems. There are no signs yet that the anti-Castro invasion represents any formidable force. But there 1is always the chance that swarms of other rebels are waiting to storm ashore at times and places of their own choosing. The big question before the re- gime is this: is its Soviet ally willing to risk a major war to save it from an uncomfortable situation? In view of President Kennedy's blunt warnings, Premier Khrushchev, noted as' a realist. may well hesitate before attmpt- ing to help solve the °Cuban're- gime's big problems of supply. Another big question: what has happened to Fidel Castro? The. "maximum leader"has not been one to avoid the microphoneein the past but he has been strangely silent through this crisis., Communiques up to yesterday had been signed in Fidel's name. The latest big announcement however, was isued in the armed forces' name. This will encour- age new specilatiin that the Com- munists may. have managedto push Fidel . aside because .his blundering has made him an ex- pensive luxury. - BUT FIDEL HAS been the sym- bol of the revolution to many, and if he is too long silent it will be bound to cause trouble. Another question: how can the Cuban regime guarantee itself against wholesale army, navy and militia defections in any long- drawn war? Apart from problems of supply' and deployment of de- fending forces, this probably Is the" bigest worry. It seems likely that to insure against desertions,' the regime is- sued its original general mobiliza- tion order to the militia. Cuban radios 'Beard -in Mimi have carried scores of requests of individual militia members for supplies and clothinig from their. homes, indicating they were not permitted to return home in per- son to equip themselves. The re- gime: probably was all, too aware of the possibilities if militia mem- bers were allowed too far out of sight. COTBA'S ECONOMY HAD been geared for years to that of the United States, and this now is having its effect in a time of na- tional crisis. Just one example: the army command in Southern Las Villas Province, where invaders struck over the weekend, asked the pub- lics works department of Carta- gena, about 25 miles away, to rush whatever flatbed trailers it had on hand. The trailers are used to transport heavy equipment, like tanks. The department replied it had three, but one had no tires, one had no brakes and the other was a wreck. There is a growing conviction, too, in informed quarters in Miami, that Cuba's air force is in poor shape to defend against in- vaders, apart from the defection of many pilots and untrustworth- iness of many others. Havana claimed yesterday to have shot down nine enemy planes, but there is little reason to accept this as the truth ' ' LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Leave the Union Alone! To the Editor: THE CURRENT controversy about the use of the Michigan Union cafeteria facilities, it seems to' me, boils down to this: shall the Union cafeteria become a place where food is to be consumed and, upon completion of that process, visitors are to withdraw from the premises? Or is it to remain what it has been for so many years, a place where views are exchanged over a leisurely cup of coffee, where current issues and future vistas are considered in long dig- cussions, a meeting place for stu- dents and faculty?; T-n.nrf , T "A+,M M n nn . f of wishing to play chess in the morning, instead of the afternoon. I have watched the use of the Union cafeteria being increasingly restricted over the past several years. For four decades, the Mich- igan Union was an 4 integral part' of the life of this university. Surely, there must be a place in this institution where an indivi- dual can read, talk, play chess as long as he has purchased some item of food or drink, and the place he occupied was not other- wise in'demand. No one will question the pro- priety of the Union management's n_-av.in, ++hat mantim renot. r DAILIY OFFICIAL BULLETIN' (Continued from Page 2). vicinity--Asst.Editor-grad with tech- nical, background, some physics, math or engrg., (not necessarily a major). Copy Editor-Man or WOMAN with BA, some exper. in Engl. or Journ; less technical position. Please contact Bureau of Appts., 4021 Admin., Ext. 3371 for further informa- tion. Students desiring miscellaneous jobs should consult the bulletin board 1n Rm. 1020 daily. MEN 1-Book cleaner, full-time temporary. 1-Dishwasher, evening hours. 3-Meal jobs. 1-Tutor, for basic electricity -. In- dustrial circuitry (machine tool), mechanical relays, transformers, etc.