' IEAT PEBATrSI(Cp CvtJe) Kennedy's Catholicism Cost Su port e I MPACT *@. Inc lofRed! Ver5 97 RI, 26 17 t to1 2-C3 , f I By CYNTHIA NEU President John F. Kennedy's Roman Catholicism, clearly the major issue of the 1960 Presidential race, cost him 1.5 million votes. Among other findings of the Survey Research - Center, released yesterday: 1) The religious issue also accounted for the large number of voters switching to Kennedy just prior to the election, the highest proportion of "late deciders" since the Center began its national election studies in 1948. 2) The study did not pinpoint the relationship between the popular and electoral vote, but it was perhaps conceivable that Kennedy's religion helped-him win in the electoral college. 3) Religion was the major issue in the South, where whites generally felt both parties were "against" them, favoring integration. 4) Kennedy "won" the television debates which were a central source of information for the voting public. Four-Man Team The four-man team which coordinated the study, in Washington for a national press conference to announce its findings, includes Professors Angus Campbell, Center director, Philip E. Converse on leave from the sociology department and Donald E. Stokes of the political science department, study directors of the Center, and Prof. Warren E. Miller of the political science department, a program director. "The survey this year showed a final vote division with one per cent of the actual vote," Prof. Converse said here Monday. One out of every nine ballots cast in the 1960 election reflected a change from normal voting patterns and 36 per cent of the elec- torate did not make up their minds until the campaign started, largely due to the conflict between religious and partisan loyalties. Vote Totals Of the 61 per cent of voters who cast ballots for former Presi- dent Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1956, 17 per cent voted for Kennedy and 44 per cent for former Vice-President Richard M. Nixon. Ken- nedy received 33 per cent of Adlai E. Stevenson's 39 per cent vote in 1956 and Nixon received six per cent. Among those switching from Eisenhower to Kennedy, close to 60 per cent were Catholic and among Democrats who changed to Nixon, 95 per cent were non-Catholic. However, nearly half of Ken- nedy's gains among Catholics who had voted for Eisenhower were normal Democrats reentering the party fold. "We haven't seen the end on the problem of a Catholic in the White House," Prof. Campbell said Monday, "but if Kennedy runs again in 1964 it will be less important than it was in the last election." "If there are no major developments which turn on the Presi- dent's religion, such as a problem in relations with the Vatican, religion will not be a greater problem if a Catholic runs for the presidency in 1964," Prof. Converse added. Came from Behind The study, largest ever made of a presidential election, showed that in 1960, as in 1948, the Democratic candidate came from behind to win by a narrow margin in the closing weeks of the campaign and cited the television debates as a central factor in swinging late deciders to a Democratic vote. Kennedy "won" the debates in the voters' minds, Prof. Con. verse explained. "Aside from religion, he had a greater appeal to the people, and his youthfulness, energy, style and poise made a favorable impression." Interviewees described Kennedy as "quick on the trigger" con- trasted with the impression that Nixon was "ill at ease" and "looked sick." The "Ike appeal" did not rub off onto Nixon, Prof. Converse said. He explained that this was not surprising and had happened before, See KENNEDY'S, page 2 No ckan3 25 I 24 ; -Daily-Richard Ostling TELEVISION DEBATES-Data on the reaction of three segments of the 1960 electorate to the programs was collected during inter- views for the Survey Research Center study. Questions centered on reactions to personality issue stands taken by candidates. I UNIVERSITY SECRECY STIFLES NEWS See Page 4 Y Seventy Years of Editorial Freedom u43 ktti4 MOSTLY SUNNY High-S8 Low-40 Fair and warmer today, partly cloudy Thursday. VL. L IJX, No. 138 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 19, 1961 FIVE CENTS SIX PAGES FIVE CENTS - a S.1a.IX AGESi kv oviet Requests 'UN Censure U.S. Zorin Assails Anti-Castro Invasion; Stevenson Accuses Cuba of Deceit UNITED NATIONS (AP)-The Soviet Union last night formally demanded that the United Nations condemn the United States as an aggressor in connection with the invasion of Cuba by anti-Castro forces. The Soviet resolution was laid before the UN political commit- tee by Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Valerian A. Zorin after a new attack on the United States. Adlai E. Stevenson, chief United States delegate, had just fin- ished accusing Cuban Prime Minister Fidel Castro of using half-truths Choose Jury In Riot Case SAN FRANCISCO (M)-A jury of 10 women and two men was chos- en with unexpected dispatch yes- terday for the city hall riot trial of Robert J. Meisenbach. Meisenbach, 23, University of California senior, was arrested last May 13 during student demon- strations against House Un-Amer- ican Activities Committee hear- ings. He is charged with assault with a deadly weapon-beating Patrol- man Ralph E. Schaumleffel on the head with the officer's night stick. Jurors Declare All the jurors declared they had not seen "Operation Abolition," a controversial film report of the disturbance sponsored by the House Committee. All said they had read or heard little about either the violence which resulted in the arrest of 63 other student demonstrators or about 4controversy over "Opera- tion Abolition." Riot charges against the 63 others were dis- missed. Walter J. Giubbini, Assistant District Attorney, challenged sev- en of 28 prospective jurors called. Jack Berman and Charles Garry, defense attorneys, dismissed six on peremptory challenge and three others were excused for cause. Strike Crowley Giubbini promptly struck off John J. Crowley, Federal Internal Revenue officer, after Crowley de- clared he-did not favor the House Committee on Un-American Ac- tivities. ,. Crowley said he had seen "Oper- ation Abolition." "I definitely was not impressed because it was doc- tored up," he declared. "I am not a witch hunter. I don't believe the ends justify the means." The first juror scratched by Berman and Garry was Oliver C. Applegate, Jr., retired oil adver- tising man. During his examination, Apple- gate declared, "I am in accord. with governmental investigation of Communist activities, on princi- ple." In the "Operation Abolition" sound track, committee chairman Francis E.. Walter (D-Pa) de- clared the city hall violence show- ed how a few Communist agitators could use students as dupes. Meisenbach and other student spokesmen have insisted they pro- tested the house committee hear- ing on reasoned conviction, with- out Communist inspiration. and deceit in an effort to prove that the United States was behind the invading forces. Ask Cessation The Soviet resolution called for a cessation of all assistance to the invading forces and urged all UN members to give the necessary aid to Castro to repel such attackers. Earlier-Stevenson had dramati- cally drawn the attention of the political committee to President John F. Kennedy's warning that the United States would act to prevent Soviet military interven- tion in Cuba. Stevenson said the Castro gov- ernment had not presented a sin- gle piece of evidence to back its See Earlier Story, Page 3 PETERSON: IFC May Condemn Bias Rules By DAVID MARCUS Interfraternity Council officers are now preparing an anti-bias clause statement. Proceeding with unanimous consent of the IFC executive com- mittee, the decision was reached after a talk by James Seder, '61, chairman of the Student Govern- ment Council Committee on Mem- bership Selection. He explained that "If the prob- lem is not solved, it will at some- time be solved arbitrarily." Increased Awareness IFC President Robert Peterson, '62, commented, "There is a lot of feeling that IFC has no opinion. This statement will show the cam- pus how we feel and bring an increased awareness to the na- tionals of the pressure that locals are feeling on the Michigan cam- pus. Seder said, "The California leg- islature has passed a law requir- ing elimination of bias clauses by 1964; the trend in the Supreme Court is against discrimination of any kind in public institutions." He also cited the possibility that action by the Governor's office, the state attorney-general, or the state Legislature could be the means by which the problem could be taken out of local control if public opinion strongly urges such intervention. Campus Pressured "These pressures face the cam- pus; these things don't hold up well for groups that in 10 or 15 years still have bias clauses. "They will not be able to settle the problem in such a personal manner. Things have to change. "Elimination of bias clauses does not mean you must take whoever comes through rush; but you can- not arbitrarily decide you do not want a person because of race, color, or creed." Seder traced the growth of anti- bias feeling at the University: It grew until in 1949 when the Student Legislature renamed and reorganized as SGC, passed a res- olution calling for the elimina- tion of bias clauses. It was vetoed by then President Alexander Ruth- ven. 'U' D Propose No <"} charges that Monday's invasion had been launched from Florida.. He repeated his previous denials. Zorin said the United States de- nials were ridiculous. Stevenson had introduced his speech by reading the full text of Kennedy's reply to a note in which Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev demanded an end of the fighting in Cuba and pledged "all necessary assistance" to Castro. Stevenson accused both Cuban Foreign Minister Raul Roa and Soviet bloc representatives of try- ing to smear the United States with inuendos and epithets, such as pirates, exploiters and imperial- ists. Calls for Settlement He called for a settlement of the Cuban problem by the Cuban people themselves. Kennedy's note made it clear that the United States would do nothing to hinder the anti-Castro Cubans. UN diplomats listened intently as Stevenson read the note. Some already had seen the text. One iron curtain diplomat, Silviu Brucan of Romania, commented: "I am not impressed. I don't think the reply is to the point." A member of the Ghana dele- gation said he and many other delegates were depressed by the turn of events in the Cuban crisis. "We don't believe all the claims made by the Russians and Cu- bans," he said, "but we had hoped for a more conciliatory tone from President Kennedy." New Elections Quiet at MSU New elections for president of Michigan State University's All- University Student Government ended without incident last night. Sharon Coady, the managing editor of the Michigan State News said the original elections were declared illegal last Thursday be- cause several students were caught Faculty Ask More Power On Athletics Seek Two New Seats On Board in Control By MICHAEL OLINICK The Senate Advisory Committee yesterday proposed increased fa- culty control over the Board in Control of Intercollegiate Ath- letics. The increased control would be effected by the addition of two faculty members to the 15-man committee which presently has seven professors appointed by Uni- versity President Harlan Hatcher on recommendations submitted by SAC. The proposed legislation-which the Regents will consider for adoption in their bylaws-gives the faculty a "clear" majority on the board. "The senate's Committee on Athletic Policy decided, after a study of the mechanisms of fa- culty control in the Big Ten con- ference, that it would be desirable to increase our control," commit- tee chairman Prof. Wilbur Mc- Keachic of the psychology depart- ment said last night. His com- mittee recommended the action to SAC. The proposed change would re- duce faculty appointments from four years to three, and provide for a limit of two terms. The Board is charged by the Regents to "make, adopt and en- force the necessary rules and regu- lations governing all questions per- taining to the eligibility of players, inter - collegiate relations and membership in associations ofa universities and colleges organ-, ized for the regulation of ath- letics." Fee Administration Plans SGC To Vote On Members Of Comunittee Student Government Council to- night will vote on appointment of three student members to the steering committee on the forth- coming Conference on the Uni- versity. The three student members, who were interviewed by council mem- bers last night, will meet with three faculty and three adminis- tration delegates to formulate plans for the conference. In addition it will consider as a committee of the whole former SGC President John Feldkamp's, '61, motion for reorganization of the Council's administrative wing. Roger Seasonwein, '61, will in- troduce a motion for a reshowing of the film "Operation Abolition" in three weeks with a discussion following including a pro-con de- bate on whether the film ac- curately portrays the student re- action to the House Un-American Activity hearings in San Francisco last spring. dhad volunteered to speak against it. Hanson Decides Hanson said he had made an administrative decision to show the film anyway because, as he saw it, the entire presentation broke down into two objective parts: the combination of the film and tapes, and the pro-con debate. Roger Seasonwein, '61, raised three objections to the showing. ie said he was most disappointed that there was no pro-con discus- sion following the film. Seasonwein also said the record, "Sounds of Protest," which ac- companied the showing of the movie instead of the tapes was not the best possible "alternative pres- entation.' Discussion Needed He objected that there ought to have been an opportunity for dis- cussion from the floor. "Many people had questions and I am sure with a good moderator an orderly discussion could have been held," he said. Hanson said earlier that he had never planned an open discussion of the film. "It seems to me it would have been chaotic, and would not have allowed time for the second showing the film," he said. OPERATION ABOLITION': SGC Movie Showing Violates Earlier Ruling By JUDITH OPPENHEIM Last night's showing of "Operation Abolition" by the Student Government Council Cinema Guild Board was technically in violation of a previous SGC decision regarding the presentation. The ruling stipulates that the SGC showing of the controversial film of the student demonstrations during the hearings of the House Un-American Activities Committee in San Francisco last spring be followed by a playing of the tapes of the actual committee hearings. and then a 45 minute pro-con discussion of the film. The discussion was omitted from last night's presentation because no one could be found to speak in favor of the film, although Per Hanson, '62, SGC executive vice-president, said Thomas Hayden, '61, MARVIN L. NIEHUSS ...no increase yet Arb-or Arm! "The University would no more abandon the (Nichols) Arboretum than it would cut off its left arm. "That's lovers' lane out there." So said Ann Arbor Mayor Cecil 0. Creal yesterday in cor- recting his slip of the tongue at Monday's City Council meeting, when he was outlining the du- ties of the new University Rela- tions Committee. "I was actually referring to the Botanical Gardens," he said. The gardens are being moved from Packard Street to Pitts- field Road. Creal said that the committee was being established in keep- ing with city policy to maintain effective connections with the various governmental organiza- tions in and around Ann Arbor. Hike Not To Ask Tuition Rise Of Regents Officials Presently Expect No Request, Niehuss Indication By ROBERT FARRELL The University administration at present has no plans to recom- mend a raise in tuition to the Regents, even if the Senate-ap- proved higher education appropri- ation is passed by the House. However, Vice-President and Dean of Faculties Marvin L. Nie- huss said, "we haven't worked out how we would operate within this budget." The'Regents requested an oper- ating budget of $43.9 million from the state. This was pared to $37.1 million in the Governor's budget recommendations to 'the Legisla- ture, a drop of $6.6 million. Senate Budget The Senate passed a budget of only $35.4 million for the Univer- sity, $2 millon below the governor's request and $8.6 million below the University's. Niehuss expressed hope that there would still be some changes made by the House in the appro- priation bill, but observers agree that there is only slight chance for any major changes there. The Senate-approved budget is only one-half of one per cent above last year's, while the Re- gent's request was for an increase of some 25 per cent. Faculty Salaries About $3.2 million of the origi- nally requested increase was in- tended to allow for faculty salary increases, promotions and related contributions to retirement funds. Niehuss said that if the present proposals passed the House "the University clearly would not be able to make wage and salary ad- justments that are needed," al- though the specific consequences are not yet clear. The University has raised tuition six times in the last 12 years to supplement state funds. It has never done so in two consecutive years. Four of the hikes have been approved by the Regents in the fall, two in the spring. Greatest Ratio Last year's five-to-one ratio be. tween the raises in out-of-state and in-state fees was the greatest such ratio during this period. This ratio has consistently risen since 1950. Last year's increases of $30 for in-state students, and $150 for out-of-state was followed by a change in the numbers of state residents and non-residents regis- tering. Since last spring, in-state enrollment is up about 1,100, while out-of-state students' numbers are down some 600. 410 ._~F' I CAUTIOUS ON PEACE CORPS: African Students Blame Congo Strife on By GERALD STORCH The Congolese spirit of inde- pendence from colonialism will spread but its violence will not,. five University students from Af- rica agreed last night. Debating "Is the Congo Crisis Contagious?", the panel discus- sion focused on the causes for the uprising in the Congo. The effects it would have on the rest of Africa and --possible ways, including the Peace Corps, to relieve the threats of riots and confusion, were the main topics debated., To smooth the "inevitable" proc- ess of independence and the down- fall of colonialism, the panel United States would not be able to recapture the confidence of Af- ricans for many years." The idea came at the right time -just when Africa needed help the most. But it also came at the wrong time-just when Africans wanted to get rid of colonialists, he explained. Like Concept Other panel members liked the concept of a Peace Corps, but 'were concerned about its actual implementation and said it need- ed much more study before being put into operation. The immediate need is for help from the United Nations in elim- inating the last vestiges of colon- Belgium manipulate the government from behind the scenes, he said. State Rep. Gilbert Bursley (R- Ann Arbor), moderator of the panel, predicted that the UN would have to remain in the Congo for a while longer. Rep. Bursley, who once was a United States Information Agen- cy officer there, said that as the Congo's problems are gradually lessened, the UN military forces should gradually withdraw, Belgian Blame The five panel members laid the blame for the violence and diffi- culties in the Congo squarely on the Belgians. -IL 3