THE MICHIGAN DAILY

UN

Asks

Action

To

End

African Apartheid Policy

Compare Kennedy, Predecessors
(EDITOR'S NOTE: This Is the He often makes loud and ideal- ear, he was a warmer individual
last i a series of articles exaining
the accomplishments, problems and istic proclamations, but what ma- who put greater trust on person-
most significant issues on "The New terializes is much less dramatic alities. Kennedy is a cool cus-
Frontier" through the opinions of and sometimes inadequate, he said. tamer."
University faculty members.) "The actual content of the Pres- Prof. Peek disagreed with re-
By HARVEY MOLOTCH ident's program is moderate; most cent newspaper editorials that
President John F. Kennedy, be- provisions call for just a little Kennedy is losing his battles with
Prsent Jron F.a Kendbe- more than former President Congress. "Kennedy has been very
cause of strong political consider- Dwight D. Eisenhower advocated, successful. He won the rules com-
ations, has been forced into a Kennedy's health program is mittee fight and will get most of
policy of "speaking loudly and weaker than the defeated Forand what he wants on minimum wage,
carrying a small twig," Eugene Bill or- ex-President Harry S. Tru- and depressed areas.
Feingold of the political science man's plan 10 years ago," Fein- "Roosevelt had a much easier
deprtmnt aidyeteray.gol sad.timewith Cn r a hi~gP th

KENNEDY, ADENA UER:
Leaders Ask NATO Strength

WASHINGTON ()-President
John F. Kennedy and German
Chancellor Konrad Adenauer
agreed yesterday the North Atlan-
tic Alliance must develop "all mili-
tary means" necessary to preserve
the independen~ce of any allied
country threatened by aggression.
Concluding two days of policy'
talks, the two'leaders'also pledged
"to preserve the freedom of the
people of West Berlin pending the
reunification of Germany . ..
They asserted that the problems
of Berlin and divided Germany can
be solved justly only. "through the,
application of the principle of
self-determination."
In a joint communique on their
discussion Kennedy and Adenauer
followed up their declarations on
Germany, Berlin and NATO with
'a call for a t-West agreement
on disarmament measures and for
negotiations "to secure a life in
freedom to all nations."
The President added that these
included the issue of a divided:
Germany and Berlin, the nuclear
test ban negotiations, aid to un-
derdeveloped nations, East-West
relations generally :and the world
situation..
The two leaders agreed to work
for expansion of European eco-
nomic and military unity as essen-
tial to the strength. of the west
in meeting the Communist chal-
lenge.
Their statement added:
"The President and the Chan-
cellor reaffirmed their support of
NATO as the keystone of the com-
mon defense of the North Atlantic
area. They underlined the convic-
tion of their governments as to the
necessity for the alliance to main-
tain and develop further all mili-
tary means required to' enable
them to deter effectively a poten-
tial aggressor from threatening the
territorial integrity or indepen-
dence of any ally."

i

FREE WORLD LEADERS-President John F. Kennedy joined
West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer in a pledge to main-
tain the military strength of NATO..
world News Roundup
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WASHINGTON-Republican leaders called on Congress yesterday,
to pF.ss a resolution opposing any change in jJnited States policy,
toward admitting Communist China to the United Nations.
A statement announcing a drive for the resolution was read by
Senate Republican. leader Everett M. Dirksen of Illinois at his weekly
televised news conference.
* 0 * *
WASHINGTON-Sen. Estes Kefauver (D-Tenn) yesterday over-
ruled a Republican effort to suspend a Senate investigation of price
fling inthe electrical equipment industry. He denied that the hearings
would become a three-ring circus at the expense of an already
punished industry.
But the argument which arose between Keauver, chairman of
 Subcommittee, and Sen. Alexander
Wiley (R-Wis) delayed until today
the start of testimony by officials
of several big electrical corpora-
STUDENTS ions.,
UNITED NATIONS-Thirty for-
leeign mercenaries in the Congo's
g week at Fort L.? Katanga province held by the
United Nations force have told in-
terrogators they were recruited in
South Africa, a UN spokesman said
with us at last night.
"They answered advertisements
they saw in certain South African
newspapers asking for ex-soldiers
but not specifying Katanga," the
erty Fri., April 14 spokesman told reporters.
case Bring 1.D. WASHINGTON -United States
to Sudet Concipostage rates on international
~te Student Council mail for surface letters to all
countries except Canada and Mex-
ico will be increased from eight
cents to 11 cents for the first
ounce, Postmaster General J. Ed-
stores" ward Day said yesterday.

Vote Backs
Asian Motion
On Rebuke
Assembly Refuses
To Call for Boycott
UNITED NATIONS (P) - The
United Nations General Assembly
yesterday asked all nations to con-
sider separate and collective action
to compel South Africa to aban-
don its white supremacy policies.
But the assembly refused to ap-
prove specific demals for a
world-wide economic and diplo-
matic boycott.
Urges Measures
By a vote of 95-1 the assembly
adopted an Asian resolution rap-
ping South Africa for its policy of
apartheid' and urged unspecified
measures.
Only Portugal voted against it.
Nepal, Spain and South Africa-
which have boycotted the apar-
theid debate-were absent.
The assembly killed the harsher
resolution pushed by African na-
tions by rejecting the key para-
graph spelling out penalties to be
considered against South Africa.
The vote was 42-34 with 21 ab-
stainingA two-thirds majority
was required.
U.S. Disapproves
The United States was among
those refusing to approve such
punitive action as the closing of
all world ports to South African
ships and a boycott of all South
African goods.
As a result, Ghana's ambassador
Alex-Quaison-Sackey withdrew the
resolution and it was not put to a
vote.
The assembly 'approved also by
78-0, with two abstentions, a reso-
lution urging South Africa to con-
sut with India and Pakistan on
treatment of persons of Indiani
and Pakistani origin in South Af-
rica. Like apartheid, this has been
a long-standing issue before the
UN.
Kennedy Asks
streamlining
Of Agencies
WASHINGTON () - PresidentI
John F. Kennedy asked Congresst
yesterday to whip the federal reg-
ulatory agencies into streamlinede
shape, and singled out the Fed-
eral Power Commission for the
biggest overhaul.
Except for the FPC, Kennedy's .
proposals were broad and general
in dealing with the agencies .
In the case of the FPC,, Ken-1
nedy asked Congress (1) to in-
crease the number of commission-i
ers from five to seven, (2) to breakc
up a logjam of cases by exempt-
ing small natural gas producersf
and some pipeline constructiona
from jurisdiction, and (3) to passr
legislation designed to protect thes
gas consumer.
In a special message to Con-
gress Kennedy said faster actionv
by the FPCson some constructionn
permits would mean more jobs for o
the unemployed.
Kennedy said efforts were un- b
derway to improve coordination inn
the fields of broadcasting and sur-
face transportation.a

Portuguese
Alert Army
LISBON, Portugal ()-Ail Por-
tuguese security and army forces
were called to stand by last night
in a "state of prevention," fol-
lowing Premier Antonio De Oli-
veira Salazar's seizure of control
over the defense ministry and
sweeping overhaul of the armed
forces and overseas ministries.
In a broadcast, the premier said
there would be an even bigger
change in the government in or-
der to defend the African terri-
tory of Angola.
New Massacres
Portugal, aware of new mas-
sacres and unrest in Angola and
of demands of exiles abroad for
democratic reforms in the govern-
ment, was alive with rumors.
During a state of prevention,
troops are confined to their bar-
racks but there are no restrictions
on civilians. An official described
the state of prevention as an or-
dinary precautionary measure.
Demand Change
Gen. Julio Botelho Moniz, the
dismissed defense minister, was
reported tohave headed a group
of high ranking officers who were
demanding changes in the na-
tion's overseas and home policies.
Salazar's overhaul follows wide-
spread violence in West African
Angola, which the government
considers an integral part of Por-
tugal, and the seizure of the Por-
tuguese ship Santa Maria in Jan-
uary by rebel Capt. Henrique Gal-
vao.
Senate Studies
Wage Hike Bill
WASHINGTON () - President
John F. Kennedy's minimum wage
measure moved to the 'Senate
floor yesterday and promptlyran
into a brisk crossfire from south-
ern Democrats and conservative
Republicans.
Administration leaders remain-
ed confident they have the votes
to put over their proposal to
boost the minimum wage from $1
to $1.25 an hour and extend cov-
erage to about four million work-
ers, mostly in the larger retail
stores, service industries and con-
struction.
But it seemed unlikely there
would be a final vote until after
extended debate and many efforts
to narrow down the White House
program.
The House already has passed a
measure put across by joint action
of Southern Democrate and con-
servative Republicans. This calls
for raising the wage floor to $1.15
and extending coverage to 1.2
million workers, all in chain
stores. The present law applies to
about 24 million emplyes.
Sen. Jacob K. Javits (R-NY)
won voice approval for an amend-
ment to require a study of wages
of non-tipped hotel, motel and
restaurant employes not covered
by thepresent law or pending
measures.
This was approved with only
about half a dozen senators on the
floor after Sen. Pat McNamara
(D-Mich), floor manager for the
bill, said he had no objections
Social Legislation
Faces House Vote
WASHINGTON (P)-Legislation
to permit optional retirement for
men at 62 and carry out most of
President John F. Kennedy's other
social security proposals was clear-
ed yesterday for House vote.
House Democratic leader John

W. McCormack of Massachusetts
said the bill will be brought up for
action next Wednesday.
The Democratic-sponsored bill,
scaled down somewhat from the
draft Kennedy sent Congress,
vould, finance the changes in the
social security system by a social
security tax increase of one-
eighth of one per cent on em-
iloyers and the same amount on
employes.

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