THE MICHIGAN DAILY

Computers Clarify
Language Translation

By RISA AXELROD
"If all computers were to vanish
from the earth tomorrow, we'd
still have interesting theorems on
the structure of languages, theor-
ems that would not have been re-
cognized without the help of these
machines," Prof; Anthony G. oet-
tinger, of Harvard University, said

yesterday.
Speaking at the
puter appreciation
Oettinger outlined
advances that have
using computers to
eign languages.

second com-
lecture, Prof.
some of the
been made in
translate for-

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"Since there is no fundamental
correspondance between the sym-
bols in one language and those
in another, it is necessary to store
a large table of corresponding
words in the computer," he said.
Bi-lingual Dictionary
He noted that the problem is
similar to that of composing a
bi-lingual dictionary where several
translations must be inserted for
each word.
Another problem is how to have
the machine choose between
several meanings of a word when
the context cannot be of any help.
In spite of this difficulty, there
have been advances in the field
of syntax the "geometry of lan-
guage," Prof. Oettinger said.
"The arrangement of sentence
components is usually marked
enough in most languages to per-
mit a system of translation to be
based on it," he added.
This system is analogous to one

which Prof. Arthur W. Burks of
the University's philosophy de-
partment helped develop, and
which is called "Polish prefix
notation."
Formal Language
By putting sentences into a for-
mal language such as this, the
process of translation becomes
easier, Prof. Oettinger said.
"Since the structure of real lan-
guages is analogous to the struc-
ture of formal languages, the lat-
ter may be used to determine
whether a translated sentence is
well-formed," he said.
Prof. Oettinger expressed the
view that translation into the for-
mal language simplifies ,he whole
process of translation without los-
ing any of the meaning or struc-
tural clarity of the sentence.
A second innovation, the "push-
down store," is a storage device
for lists and tables. It also acts
as a checking device by evaluating
the material it stores.
"Although the 'push-down store'
has been implicitly used in many
computers, it was only a few weeks
ago that a computer based en-
tirely on this operation appeared,"
Prof. Oettinger said.
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