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Seventy Years of Editorial Freedom

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FINE CENTS

N cep

.

VOuLT XM. No. 113

ANN ARBOR. MICHIGAN, SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1961

FIVE CENTS

SIX

I



MILITARY BYPASSED:
Lemnitzer Protests
Decision Process
CHICAGO (M-Army Gen. Lyman L.'Lemnitzer, chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff, has protested officially that the administration
is bypassing the nation's leading military men in crucial military de-
cisions, the Sun-Times said yesterday.
Lemnitzer made the protest in a confidential memorandum March
2 to. Robert S. McNamara, secretary of defense, the newspaper said
in a copyrighted dispatch from Washington.
The general is the nation's highest ranking military officer. In
the memorandum he complains that McNamara last month rushed
through a decision which gave the Air Force a virtual monopoly over
the development of space weap-

President
Plans New

Congo

Leaders Complete Plan

.I

W. AVERELL HARRIMAN
roving ambassador;

IlyPledges
To" Intensify
orei Aid
ROME (JP) - Italy promised the
United States yesterday it will
intensify its aid to underdeveloped
countries, and President John F.
Kennedy's special envoy said he
was sure the Italians would do
their share to help the dollar.
W. Averell Harriman, on a
European tour for the United
States President, concluded three
days of talks on an optimistic
note and with the prospect that
Premier Amintore Fanfani will'
soon visit Washington on an in-,
vitation conveyed by Harriman for
Kennedy.,
Harriman and Fanfani spoke to
newsmen at the end of their chats,
which ranged over world prob-
lems but focused on, the hard-
pressed dollar.
When the ,talks started, Harri-
nian urged that Italy do more to
help underdeveloped countries in
an effort to take pressure off the
dollar. The Italians, on tle de-
fensive, said they were already
giving considerable aid in the
light of soft spots in their econ-
omy, such as underdeveloped
southern Italy.
Yesterday Fanfani and Harri-
man were more confident. Harri-
man said in his talks with Fan-
faniandother Italian leaders he
found "agreement on fundamental
challenges and problems" facing
the West. The United States en-
voy added that he had particularly
useful discussions on ways and
means to provide economic aid
to underdeveloped countries.
Fanfani said he and his minis-
ters informed Harriman of the
progress and discreet but con-
stantly increasing participation in
the solution of problems of our
allied nations and promoting de-
velopment of friendly peoplesdin
depressed areas."
Unify Drives
of Democrats
WASHINGTON ()-The Demo-
cratic national committee and the
Senate and House campaign com-
mittees yesterday agreed on a uni-
fled fund-raising drive for the
first time in the party's history.
President John F. Kennedy
favors the arrangement.
Heretofore, the three groups
have conducted separate drives
which have led to much confusion
and competition for funds.
Now the national committee will
conduct a single drive, with help
fmm the two other groups, and

ons without giving the Joint
Chiefs enough time to develop
their views.
New Office Decided
The decision was produced by
the new civilian Office of Defense
Management and Organization.
Lemnitzer wrote, "although the
service chiefs will undoubtedly
have their views reflected in the
comments of their respective serv-
ice secretaries, I feel that in gen-
eral the Joint Chiefs of Staff
should be given a full opportuni-
ty to study carefully matters of
this sort which will have far-
reaching military implications."
The Joint Chiefs were required
to submit their views a week after
the space order was sent to them
on Feb. 23.
Considered Weeks
The directive had been under
consideration for several weeks by
the research and development
command and was the first deci-
sion of this new group.
McNamara said of the space de-
cision that "this is how I and
Deputy Defense Secretary Gil-
patric proposed to administer the
operation of the entire depart-
ment," indicating he had overrul-
ed Lemnitzer, the Sun-Times ar-
ticle continued.
Lerkinitzer wrote, "In my opin-
ion, the new directive goes too far.
It makes a change in basic policy
where all that appears to me to
be warrantedat thistime is an
updating to meet those changes
which we can now foresee."
Morgan Shot
After Trial
HAVANA (P) - A Cuban firing
squad last night executed William
A. Morgan, a former American GI
accused of conspiring against the
revolutionary Castro regime that
once hailed him as a hero.
Prison authorities at La Ca-
bana military fortress said Morgan
was executed shortly after 10:30
p.m. His aide, Maj. Jesus Carreras
was executed immediately after-
ward.
Morgan died about two hours
after a superior court rejected an
appeal to spare his life.

Latin.Policy
WASHINGTON M -President
John F. Kennedy plans to issue
tomorrow a major statement out-
lining his new administration's
policy toward Latin America.
At the same time, aides were
working yesterday on an order
aimed at clamping down on Unit-
ed States purchases from Cuba,
which they figure now pour $65
million a year into the coffers of
the pro-Communist Castro regime.
Kennedy's statement, to be
made tomorrow evening following
a White House reception for am-
bassadors from Latin American
countries, will be a major effort to
outline what he calls "alanza para
progreso"-"alliance for progress'"
-between this country and its sis-
ter states in the hemisphere.
Kennedy is expected to stress
that a major ingredient in prog-
ress must be willingness of aid-
receiving countries to help them-
selves, and in doing so to nurture
economic - social conditions in
which economic advance means a
gain for many, rather than more
wealth for a few elite.
Teamsters
Picket Docks
SAN FRANCISCO (P) - Team-
sters sent pickets to more docks
in San Francisco yesterday and
the port, strike-idled for the third
day, seemed likely to remain. tied
up through the weekend.
J. Paul St. Sure, president, of
the Pacific Maritime Association,
said he knew of no plans for
meetings such as those which end-
ed a four-day tieup at Los
Angeles-Long Beach.
Waterfront workers returned to
work yesterday at Lo. Angeles-
Lon Beach.
Here, officials of Teamsters lo-
cal 85 said "we're putting pickets
on every dock in San Francisco"
over a disput involving truck load-
ing.
IHoffa's Teamsters have kept a
wary eye ever since Bridges' long-
shoremen recently signed a new
coastwide contract. It calls for
shipping firms to pay around $5
million a year into a fund to
benefit Bridges' longshoremen who
lose work because of a switch :o
automation.
Heretofore, cargo from the ships
has been moved by the long-
shoremen on pallets (movable
wooden platforms) to warehouses
where teamsters switched the car-
go to their pallets before loading
on trucks. The teamsters sent out
pickets at Lose Angeles Tuesday
when the shippers tried to have
the teamsters accept the freight
for the trucks direct from the
longshore pallets.

For Ei
Report Says
Gizenga Still
Has Control
Authorities Maintain
Calm in Stanleyville
LEOPOLDVILLE WP - A Wes-
tern diplomat wo returned from
Stanleyville last night said An-
toine Gizenga is still in power in
Oriental Province.
He said Gizenga, whose rump
Lumumbist regime is supported by
the Soviet bloc and some African
neutrals, gave a dinner party last
night and joked about rumors
that he had been deposed.
There had been rumors here
that Gizenga had been ousted in
a power struggle among supporters
of the slain ex-Congo Premier
Patrice Lumumba.
The diplomat, who asked not
to be identified, said Stanleyville
was calm and the authorities were
exercising stronger control than at
any time since Gizenga took power
there last December.i
Gizenga and members of the
Oriental province government,
who had been reported at bitter,
odds with each other, spent a gay
evening dining at Gizenga's home.
He said Gen. Victor Lundula,
the rebel army commander, re-
turned to Stanleyville last night
from Kindu in Kivu Province. He
had flown there to investigate re-
ports that 300 white persons were
being forcibly detained by provin-
cial authorities.
Sit-Ins Draw
Police Action
In Louisville
LOUISVILLE WP) - New anti-
segregation demonstrations broke
out in the business district yester-
day, leading to the arrest of 26
Negroes in a crowd picketing four
theatres.
Police moved in when white
patrons were unable to get to
ticket windows. They also had to
reroute traffic through the area
when the young Negroes, after
blocking sidewalks, spilled over in-
to the streets.
The arrests were the first since
February when 77 were picked up
three times in one week after pro-
testing against segregated theatres
and eating facilities.
About 140 of them staged a
marchthrough the business area
in the morning, then returned to
Quinn Chapel where they were as-
signed groups for the theatre dem-
onstrations.
Twenty-four of those arrested
were charged with delinquency and
disorderly conduct and the rest
with disorderly conduct.
Also yesterday, Oklahoma City
police took 14 persons, including
a Catholic priest, to jail during a
"squat-in" demonstration at a
downtown cafeteria.
Some 50 whites and Negroes
squatted and sat on the floor,
blocking the entrance to cafeteria
after Negroes in the group were
refused admittance.

[git-State

Confederatio

--AP Wirephoto
VICTORIOUS CONGOLESE-Congolese troops posed inside the debris-littered Cine Palace at Matadi
after battle earlier this week in which Congo soldiers defeated UN troops. While UN Secretary-
General Dag Hammarskjold negotiated with various Asian and African nations to increase the size
of the UN army, Congo leaders sought a mutually satisfactory political arrangement.
NEW ORLEANS:
Move To Deter Interference

iTribal Li:


WASHINGTON (P)-The Jus-
tice Department announced last
night it had filed a motion for
an injunction and temporary or-
der to restrain 10 Louisiana leg-
islators from taking any action to
interfere with the Orleans parish
school board.
The motion was filed in New
Orleans, the department said.
Attorney General Robert F.
Kennedy announced the action
was filed because of a proposed
move by a special committee of
the Louisiana Legislature to seize
administrative records of Shelby
Jackson, Louisiana state superin-
tendent of public education.
Field Narrows
In Site Choice
For Colege
The board in control of the
Grand Valley State College met
Friday and gave tentative prior-
ity to two sites for the construc-
tion of the college.
One site, in Allendale, contains
980 acres. The other site, in
Marne, is 1,387 acres in size. A
three man committee headed by
the chairman of the board in con-
trol will make the final decision
of the site.
These two sites were tentative-
ly selected from an original total
of 15.
The name of the new school
(Grand Valley State College) was
formally adopted at Friday's
meeting. It was selected from sev-
eral hundred suggestions entered
in a contest held in January.
The winner, a resident of
Grandville, received a four-year
tuition scholarship as a prize.

A three-judge panel of the Unit-
ed States district court has giv-
en Jackson until March 24 to re-
lease funds to the Orleans parish
school board and take other ac-
tion or risk being found in con-
tempt of court in the school de-
segregation situation in New Or-
leans.
To Protect Court
"We have taken this action in
this case to protect the integrity
and orders of the court," Kenne-
dy said. "We will continue to take
such action as is necessary in
New Orleans and any other local-
ity where there is danger that the
orders of the federal courts will
be thwarted."
The Justice Department said
the motion,;filed last night, names
as respondents Lt. Gov. Clarence
C. Aycock, and House Speaker J.
Thomas Jewell, who appointed the
committee, along with the follow-
ing committee members: Rep. Ris-
ley Triche, chairman; Sens. E. W.
Gravolet, William Cleveland and
Charles Diechmann and Reps.Vial
Deloney, Edward F. Lebreton, P.
P. Branton and Wellborn Jack,
The motion, filed by M. Hep-
burn Many, United States attor-
ney for eastern district of Loui-
siana, asserted, the department
said, that the committee intends
to investigate the public school
system in New Orleans for the
sole purpose of obstructing and
interfering with the school deseg-
regation orders of the coruts.
Readopted Motion
The motion asserted, the de-
partment added, that the commit-
tee was created Feb. 26 by a leg-
islative resolution which re-adopt-
ed word-for-word part of a reso-
lution, passed by the 'Legislature
last November, which the court
had declared null and void.

Besides asking that the 10 offi-
cials be restrained from interfer-
ence with the Orleans parish
school board, the Justice Depart-
ment's motion requested that the
10 be required to make available
to Superintendent Jackson all doc-
uments the committee has sub-
poenaed from him.
Soviet Voters.
Deny Election
To Candidates
MOSCOW (P)-Voters in more
than three dozen electoral districts
refused to accept the Communist
party candidates in local elections
last week and new balloting will
be held, Tass said yesterday.
The Soviet news agency, report-
ing the results of the balloting in
nine Soviet republics, said the
overwhelming majority of voters
followed the usual pattern of vot-
ing for the single candidate on
their ballot.
Most of them got 99 per cent of
the vote last Sunday and were
duly elected to various village,
city and regional councils. There
are more than 50,000 of these
councils in the Soviet Union.
However, Tass reported that in
a number of districts, "the can-
didates did not receive the abso-
lute majority of votes and were
not elected."
Challenge Sets
Next Program
Challenge will present the
fourth pre - colloquium program,
"Economic and Social. Develop-
ment: Social and Capitalist Sys-
tems," at 2:30 p.m. today in Ahd.
B.

Dictate Unit.
Of Counr
Choose New Lead
To Replace Gizeng
In Oriental Provin
TANANARIVE, Malagasy
public (M) - Congolese poll
leaders yesterday blocked
eight Congo states for a I
confederation organized rou
along tribal lines in hopes of
storing stability to their chi
African nation.
Delegates to the round-i
conference of Congolese lea
here reported this as their i
discussions ended. A brief see
is scheduled this morning to
out details and sign agreem
but a spokesman said the (
gates had reached "complete
cord" on all major points of
agenda.
In an effort to squeeze out,
toine Gizenga, Moscow-ba
leader in Stanleyville who ref
to attend the meeting, a new 
er was chosen for Gizenga's O
tal province.
Appoin Unknown
He is Sylvere Bondekwe, a'
tical unknown who apparently
head an exile regime until
rebel regime collapses or '¢
ga's men can be forced ou
Stanleyville, the capital of o
tal.
Bondekwe told reporters
Leopoldville a couple'of week
he was going to set up an O:
tal government-in-exile be
he wanted to end the "cr1
being committed there. He pl
loyalty to President Joseph B
vubus government, on cond
that it grant ,him provincial
tonomy when and if he gets
Stanleyville.
The rebel regime, which
trols the northeastern Cong
composed of political heirs V1
trice Lumumba, the slain Cc
lese leader.
'Outlaw Regime'
Delegates said that if Gize
regime opposes the new arra
ment it would be labeled "an
law regime." Gizenga's tiWI
abouts-he has been varilous
ported in ,Cairo, Staneyville
Leopoldville-seemed of -seco
importance here.
The idea of eight provi
worked out after what- was
viously a good deal of pol
bargaining, replaces the six
vinces marked out by the Co
former Belgla: rulers.
Leopodville, once the =ci
capital and source of most li
tant decisions, wil become a
tral federal capital, while the
vinces will take control o.1
owi affairs as much as poss
This is the plan favored
before independence June 2
Congolese President Joseph g
vubu and President Moise T
be of Katanga province.
Aside from the struggle
power, the fight against a a
central government was their
quarrel with Lumumba, who
and failed to unite the Cc
crazy-quilt of tribal andpoJl
groupings during his brief
tumultuous term as premie
summer.

Two Pacifists Stopped;
Attempted To Board Sub
PORTSMOUTH, N.H. (RP)-Two pacifists were taken into custody
at the Portsmouth Naval Base yesterday after an unsuccessful attempt
to board the new Polaris missile submarine Abraham Lincoln.
The men, belonging to a group known as the New England Com-
mittee for Non-Violent Action, paddled a canoe up the Pistcataqua
River just as colorful commissioning ceremonies for the $200 million
submarine got underway.
They are Ed Guerard of New York, and Arthur Harvey, a Ray-
mond, N. H., farmer.
They were turned over to Kittery, Maine, state police at a base
gate which is in Kittery. The pair was taken to Kittery barracks where
they were fingerprinted and thent

i

released. No charges were brought
against them.
Coast Guard boats twice put
hoofs onto the canoe and pulled it
into midstream but the crafteman-
aged to get away and finally
headed for a fuel, barge which was
tied up about 200 feet from the
submarine.
When the men scrambled aboard
the 'barge shipyard police seized
them.
Harvey and Guerard announced
previously they intended to com-
mit acts of civil disobedience to
"help dispel public apathy about
the arms race."
The Committee for Non-Violent
Action planned a march to New
York and the United Nations after
the commissioning, in a three-
week "walk for peace."

DEAN SCHILLING SPEAKS:
Considers Science, Religion Compatible

By BARBARA PASH
' Although science and religion
are the two strongest forces
which influence men, they are not
as incompatible as is often sup-
posed, Harold K. Schilling, dean
of the graduate school at Penn-
sylvania State University said yes-
terday.
Dean Schilling said that as a
professor of physics and as a re-
ligious man, the widespread no-
tion of the antagonism between
the two forces has often puzzled
him. In his lecture, he attempted

ligion which are permanent, but
there are also common experi-
ences which are just a passing
flux of ideas. The distinction must
be made between empirical knowl-
edge and those ideas which come
and go as better ones replace them.
Both religious and scientific com-
munities have had experiences,.
and both communities are trying
to understand these experiences.
Compares. Reactions
Dean Schilling compared the re-
ligious and scientific communities
by showing their reaction to two

tion is derived from the critical
interpretation of what is given in
human experience," he said. Hence
from the word God, the religious
community has derived certain
common experiences. There are
worship, prayer, a sense of the
holy, awe, sin, revelation, and re-
demption. God is the symbol for
these common experiences.
Evolve Theories
In an effort to understand these
experiences, to explain them and
fit them together, the theologist
has derived such theories as the

Speakers are Profs. Wilfred Mal-
enbaum of the University of Penn-
sylvania, Kenneth Boulding of the
economics department, Peter Gos-
ling, coordinator of the Asian
studies program, and Arthur Gold-
schmidt of the United Nations eco-
nomics and social affairs depart-
ment.
Was Delegate
Prof. Malenbaum was the U.S.
delegate to the Southeast Asia
Treaty Organization conference on
community development in 1960.
From 1953 to 1959 he was director
of the India Project, Center of
International Studies at Massa-
chusetts Institute of Technology.'
He is the author of "America's
Role in Economic Development
Abroad" and "East and West in

Hint New P]
For Europe
LONDON M)-PresidentJ
Kennedy has offered
Khrushchev a dramatic p
end East-West tensions i
rope, the British newspapi
People said today.
Informed sources in Wa
ton, The People said, claim
nedy has "offered to pre
all tactical nuclear weapon
withdrawn from NATO
Khrushchev will agree to
duction in conventional wei
rr,,errn eni +,_an r