9 Seventy-First Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN I Counseling and the Student 7I inions Are Free UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS Will Prevail" I STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This mus t be noted in all reprints. Y, MARCH 11, 1961 NIGHT EDITOR: MICHAEL BURNS Age of Social Supervision in" Colgsis Waning. ['E SENATOR CLARENCE F. Graebner. -Saginaw), has spent a good part of the week launching a series of attacks on ze of the University. This in itself follows nd old tradition - administrators, the students, senators have been alternately ping and moaning about the size of the rsity for years-to the point where the 3 itself has lost most of its meaning.. Senator Graebner has injected new mean- ito the phrase. Sen Graebner has added rtwist. The University is getting "too big- s britches," he says, because it has ed the point where it can't give "proper rision" to its students. In part, he is rned with academic Asupervision-"I know of you kids ever see your professors up '-but mostly he worries about social rision-at the big universities "people act properly." re might be something to the academic although there are certainly enough op-' pities to communicate with most profes- if anyone really wants to-picture the oe lecturer at the beginning of each nearly begging anyone who wants to ne and see him in his office. IT IS the idea of increased social super- sion that, really goes against my grain." Jniversity has a basic, fairly reasonable structure, the kind that every institution, o have in order to run smoothly. at Sen. Graebner, and many other of. ntempories don't seem to realize, is that' a of strict social supervision over college its is, or should be, over for good. Sen. ner seems to realize that change has - "I've seen enough on the Michigan campus to make me realize that they . have supervision" - but he has not yet lered the idea that this might just be I thing. In the 1920's supervision, especially of wo- men in mid-Western universities was very strict. This didn't necessarily mean that there were more rules broken, but simply that there. were more to break. I T MAY BE the atomic threat, it may be that we are a more serious generation, it may be that our parents are better adults than they were students, but we seem to be doing at least as well with our freedom as they did with their rules. Sen. Graebner's concern for student morality came from direct emprical observation - "We drove around campuses in the evenings, and the things we saw weren't nice to look at." Now Sen. Graebner refused to relate the improper things he saw, and I have no way of knowing .what they might have been. It may have been really dire, but most likely he refers to the kind of thing you can witness any evening in front of Mary Markley, the kind of mass necking that occasionally elicits nasty letters to the Daily, but rarely really enrages anyone; Would Sen. Graebner suggest setting up a group of housemothers to super- vise this? Why isn't this kind of thing better than the sneaking thrill of the 1920's "petting parties" which happened, Sen. Graebner, with or with- out rules, and with a much greater sense of "impropriety."?. STIL MORE IMPORTANT, why isn't it reasonable to trust a large group of people over 18 years of age to take care of them- selves within a minimal rule structure? The University teaches us to be academically re- sponsible, by allowing us to gauge our ability and time ourselves. Why should it not allow us to develop social responsibility in the same' way? When I went away to college, my mother told me that she had no intention of worrying. about me. She said that if my moral and social standards weren't what she had trained them to be, it would mean that she had failed as a parent. My mother isn't worried about me or about my supervision, Sen. Graebner, - why should you be? IT SEEMS TO me that it is the parents who have failed who need to worry about strict regulation of their children. The responsibility is in the, home, where standards can be trained with love, not in the institution, where they have to be imposed. Imposed standards never stick, Sen. Graeb- ner, and students who got no standards at home aren't going to develop them here. -FAITH WEINSTEIN Freedom By HUGH WITEMEYER Daily Guest Writer T ELAMENT OVER University counseling is frequent and al- most universal. "My counselor just doesn't know what's going on." It is true that many busy faculty members no not take their coun- seling seriously. They do not take time to keep informed about var- ious teachers, courses, or even the printed requirements in the catalog. Many do not know their students at all, and simply rubber- stamp whatever they want to take. In short, they do not counsel at all. There are, to be sure a few rare.men who have a genuine in- terest in their students and a sen- se of the importance of their job. And these few men have influenc- ed deeply the lives of the students lucky enough to come in contact with them over the years. But most students are on their own in the selection of courses, and seem likely to remain there. This situation, however, is not wholly to be lamented. For the student, in making these decisions,. should not have to depend on his counselor to any great extent. His own role should be active, for- mative, and independent. If the counselor refuses to take an equal part, it must be all the more so. Most' students do not realize all the methods at their disposal for coping with the problem of con- seling. Yet any student who makes sensible and systematic use of the resources available to him can, independently of his counselor, if need be, map out and in a sense create his own education. The question is one of technique. Here is a suggested method which stu- dents might employ in their selec- tion of courses. 1) THE STUDENT should first decide what he wants to study. This sounds simple, but it can be the most difficult step of all. for it involves knowing oneself and one's own interests. Each of us has certain intellectual affini- ties and curiosities. We are in- terested in some things more than in others; we become excited and respond more to some fields than' to others. We may not always be aware of these interests. For some people they are highly developed and conscious, but for others they are unformulated and unrecogniz-. ed. Studies take on their meanng from these interests .They are charged and made interesting by them. In the abstract, all fields of study are equal; they are ex- citing only as people come in con- tact with them, only as the stu- dent's energy breathes life ino the academic clay. These interests are what connects knowledge to the students personality. The student who follows them feels himself expanding to a new mas- tery over desired knowledge, to a deeper and more mature under- standing. The student who ignores them finds his studies mechanical and deadening, with no relation to himself. * * * ' THE STUDENT'S job is there- fore first td discover what he is genuinely interested in. He can do this by allowing himself to re-. act freely to courses, books, speeches, conversations and ocher intellectual exposures; and then by observing his reactions. Once his interests are becoming formu- lated, his job is to let them be the main guide to his slection of courses. No other cons' deratn is more important. The University imposes limita- tions on the absolute free play of these interests, in the form of distribution requirements and con- centration requirements. These amount to value judgments on the direction interests should take. They say that interests should be broad enough to include certain basic areas, and that at least one interest should be explored in depth and mastered. Their ration- ale is breadth an- depth. Some students feel that their interests do not extend this far, that they are coerced by the requirements into taking courses ur.interest, ng 'to them. Yet they pray really be complaining about something else: they may be complairing that the course is poorly taught or that they do not do well m it. They may find, if they dig deeply enough, that they do have in- terests in all the distribution areas, and that these interests should be given ,a chance to cevelop. There is an area of free play for ii,- terests, too, in the selection of courses to satisfy distribution re- quirements and of the field of concentration itself. So these University-imposed requirements, are not wholly incompatible with the following of int wectual in- terest. * * * 2) THE STUDENT should next decide how the offerings of the University match up with his in- terests. He must estimatethe quality of two things in any course offered: the material covered and the teacher. There are techniques by which he can do this farly accurately. There is no better way to learn about courses and the mate:ial covered in them than by reading +h, In+olng _ nrarhA lno i rn h visit with the teacher of the course will clear up any remaining doubts about the material offered in it. The teacher himself is the more important factor in most courses (although occasionally .the stu- dent may wish to cover the mater- ial regardless of who teaches iA"). His presentation can either stimu- late or deaden the student's in- terest. If he is bad, the student will do better to pass up the course and take another in which his interest will be brought o greater fulfillment. The student can, in various ways, estimate the quality of the teacher before 4e has taken him. * * * ONE WAY IS by constantly istening and talking to other students and to teachers. Their experience, systematically tapped, can serve as a guide. The estimate obtained from other students will probably be made by standards closely related to one's own, and the estimate obtained from teach- ers will probably e made by more mature and absolute standards. Both are necessary for a com- plete perspective. Personal biases must be taken }r:to acout, but wide inquiry will usually yield an accurate general picture. If the student's acquantances do. not include people familiar with the courses and teachers he is con- sidering, he must seek thrn out. Another way is by attmding a few classes given by the teacher. Some sense of his style. and ap- proach may be gained from this preview, and other students then enrolled under him can be ques- tioned. The picture will necsarily be incomplete; the student may catch the teacher on 4 ltad day or in ap art of ine materil which does not interest him. Bit it is one more fragment added to the total view. This systematc read- ing, questioning, and exploration is essential every time that elec- tions are made. With their help, the'student can decide for himself whether the teacher and the ma- terial covered in a course a' likely to satisfy his intellectual interest. 3) THE STUDENT shonld next decide which of his inrests can be pursued outside the cissroom, and how he will pursue them. This decision is usually impeaed by sheer physical necessity. For if, as is likely at the University, the student has many interests and can find many courses appro- priate for them, he will simply., not have time to take all of them. Some- basis must be set up for choosing the interests to pursue outside the class. One consideration is certainly the intensity of the interest itself. The student may not wish to de- vote an enire elective to a subject he is only mildly interested In. He may instead decide to expose hi- self to it through auditing and outside reading, and use his elec- tives for subjects of greater in- terest to him, in which he wants to be schooled more thoroughly. Another consideration is how well the student can learn the material on his own. This often depends on the nature of the subject. Some subjects rest en fairly unfamiliar and complex grounds, and therefore recaire more classroom practice and ex- planation than others (for ex- ample, physics or Russia.) Others can be learned chiefly through the regular reading skills, and are therefore appropriate for outside study (for example, politi- cal science or Romanti poetry). How well the student can learn on his own also depends on his own aptitudes and background. If he learns especially quickly in ohe area, or has already had some ped to strike out on his own with- training in it, he is better equip- out classroom assistance. * * * THE STUDENT must decide how he. will follow these outside interests. The two major ways are by auditing and outside reading. He can get an idea of the most important things to read in a field by talking to teachers . and other students, and by finding out what books are used in courses. And he can informally audit good lectures on a regular basis. Perhaps also he can find a teacher willing to check his work periodically and offer suggestions. The biggest ob- stacle to outside study is making time for it. If course work and other activities are organized on an efficient basis, however, most students can find the time, either during the school year or during vacations. Following some interests out- side class can be more rewarding than following them in class. It is,. certainly better than taking the brain-crushing number of hours some students carry. For the student may proceed wherever his inclination transports him. and, being under no pressure, may have more time to reflect on the implications of :what he, has learned. The anxiety over grades will be gone, and learning will be pursued for its own saie . Once the student knows his interests, estimates the courses offered by the University, and makes plans for outside study, he has done the bulk of his own counseling. What, then, should the role of the counselor be? It is to help the student, carry out this process. The counselor should prod the student to think about and formulate his interests and goals; make sure he is aware of all the courses Appropriate to hs interests;advise ,himp on these courses and set up opportunities for him to talk to other people about them' and about his career goals; encourage and assist Him to pursue some of his interests on his own; and in general to make him aware of all the possible ways by which he can plan'and pursue his own education. 'To do this, the counselor must know his Atu- dents 'well and keep informed about courses, men, and general developments going on in the University. This involves time, but no time is spent mnore unselfishly or more rewardingly, * * * THE BURDEN OF counseling, however, even when the counselor is doing his job, falls on the stu- dent. It is a complex burden; it involves, in Supreme Court lan- guage, a delicate balancing of interests, interests of a different kind. But by taking the problem in hand aggressively and syste- matically, he can cope with it. None of the suggestions offered here are new. But by employing them in an organized way, the student can have the satisfaction of creating his own education and in a sense his future self. their feet on the ground. Both the Eisenhower and Kennedy ad- ministrations have been attempt- ing to arrange sound cooperation. * * * THE PLANNING, however, has run headon into a Communist in- filtration situation which affects virtually the entire area. Some of the governments face internal po- litical instability because of it. Others have taken only a hesi- tating-and therefore painful- grasp of the Cuban nettle. When Castro says he is not attempting to export his revolution to other' countries, they would rather listen to him than to U.S. warnings against allowing' Castro to con- solidate his 'position. Brazil, traditionally allied with the United States, apparently is being carried into a position of leadership among the countries which place- demonstrations of their political independents above cooperation. * . ' -* THERE IS AN appearance of de- veloping neutralism on the Cuban isaue. 'There is even evidence that some governments are overstress- ing the growth of communism in an effort to build a fire under the United States: In the circumstances it is un- derstandable that the United States should have trouble deter- mining just what her goals and methods should be. TAKE MEXICO, for instance. She' has been making great eco- nomic strides, and openly credits the help of the United States. Re- lations have improved steadily over the years since her oil expro- priations. Yet she harbors one of the best organized, best financed and most active Communist cadres in the west. It is Inevitable that such situ-' ations, highlighted by what de- veloped from a small leftist spark in Cuba, shall be prominently in the background when the Kenne- dy program goes to Congress. The Latin Americans them- selves, or some of them, are pre- venting the good business and good political approach which the' problems need. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLEIN (Continued from Page 2) Field Engrg. Interested in a lin number of BSEE for Study work fe ships. Maumee Chem. Co., Toledo & C Ohio-All Degrees: ChE. R. & D.,I Plant Improv. Studies. Owens-Illinois Glas Co., Prod.i throughout U.S. & Tech. Center, do, Ohlio--BS-MS: Mat'ls. & Met~. ChE, EE, E. Math, E. Physics, IE,& MS: Physical Chem. Des., R. & D., duction. Pittsburgh Chem. Co., (subsidlar Pitts. Coke & Chemical Co.)-BS: Org., Phys. & Gen'l. Chem., ME. Sales-Mktg. Sales & Prod. Sylvania Electric Products, Throughout U.S.-Al1 Degrees: ChE Met., Analyt. Inorg., Physical Ct Physics a Math. BS-MS: ME,B : Math, E. Physics, I. & Science. R. & D., Sales & Prod. S. D. Warren Co., Muskegon,r and/or Westbrook, Maine (a.m.). ChE & ME. Prod. Apprentice Trig, MARCH 14 & 15- Aerospace.C orp. Lo Anaels Cape canaveral, Fl: ChE, E. EM, Instru Prof.: Applied Mecha view PhD candidates Des., R. & D. MARCH 14-16- The Martin Co., Ball Denver-All Degrees: & Math. MS-PhD: CE ology & Nucl. ES: E. MS: Matl's., EM. PhD plied Mech. Des., R. & Part-1 Employ wA. Orln rod. f RMER PRESIDENT OF the United States braham Lincoln, in his first inaugural ad- s, said: this country, with its institutions, belongs he people who inhabit it. Whenever they I grow weary of the existing government, r can exercise their constitutional right of nding it, or their revolutionary right to nember or overthkow it.". could the University Lecture Committee e allowed him to speak here? --R. FARRELL INTERPRETING THE NEWS: 'Alliance of Progress'. May Be Lopsided Deal 'M ay By 'I M. ROBERTS Associated Press Analyst p RESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY will announce plans for his "alliar of progress" with Latin America next week during a period of spe ulation as to whether the United States may be traveling a one-w street. All of the countries to the south need economic aid. Some of the like Mexico, need it to keep up steam on programs which have produc considerable achievement and promise. Others have been going throu political and economic changes which have prevented them from getti The following part - time jobs are available. Applications -for these jobs can be made in the Non-Academic 'Personnel Office Room 1020 Administra- tion Building, during the following hours: Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. Employers desirous of hiring part- time or temporary employes should contact Jack Lardie at NO' 3-1511, ext. 2939. Students desiring'miscellaneous jobs should consult the bulletin board In Rm. 1020 daily. MALE 1-Ambulance attendant, must have chauffers license, and be 21 or over 4 p.m-12 midnight, weekends & holidays. 1-Tutor, 'for, Linear programming, operations research, prefer Indus- trial Engr. or Bus. Admin. students. 1-Experienced car salesman, as many hours as possible. 27-Psychological subjects, "hours to be arranged. 2-Men to share apartment in exchange for 10 hours of work each per week, must be free Wednesdays 1-3 p.m. FEMALE 10-Psychological subjects (21 or over. for drug experiments). 1-Full-time clerk typist, 8 ak-5 p.m., Monday-Friday, must have trans- portation. 1-Gir1 for housework, and care for five children from Apri1 1 through April 18, live in, must have car. 1-Room and board in exchange for ~light work. Sounding Titles TODAY AND TOMORROW ter Marshall Aid. The library of Gainesville, Florida, has been receiving some interesting requests for books. Among them are "Trustee from the Poolroom," "Keep the Tigers From my Door," and "Dear and Glorious Position." -The Saturday Review By WALTER LIPPMANN CCEPT FOR SEN. Capehart, who did not vote, the Foreign Relations Committee 'is ,imously in favor of the treaty which will ke this country a member of OECD (The ;anization for Economic 'Cooperation and 'elopment). The Senate Committee has, rever, attached to its report an "interpreta- L and explanation" of the intent of the ate. Nothing in the treaty gives the Execu- 'any power "beyond what the President v has." The interpretation is undoubtedly: rect. It is surely quite harmless. It is also to unnecessary, as a reading of the treaty, ticularly Article VI, will show; 'othing can be recommended or decided by Organization except by unanimous consent. t is to say, each member has a veto. More- r, "no decision shall be binding on any mber until it has complied with the re,. ements of its own constitutional proce- es." The rights of Congress are wholly safe- rded. HIS, IN NO sense of the word is the OECD a supra-national organization which can rride the sovereign power of any nation. at then is it? And why is it important? 'he best way to get at what it is is to in by noting that today, without the treaty, President has the constitutional power to all that the treaty proposes that he should ['he treaty commits eighteen West European iqtries plus Canada and the U. S. A. to sult. They are to consult in order to co- rate for economic stability and growth and assisting the under-developed countries. The sident already has the power, if he chooses use it, to consult with other governments all of these'subjects. If out of these con- ations ' come proposals requiring specific ons, the President must go back to Con- ss unless the action has already been au- rized. He can spend no money that is not ropriated, he can make no loans that are authorized, he can change no tariff sche- e except as authorized under the Trade Why then is it important to establish in a solemn treaty the commitment to consult? It is important because in committing ourselves to consult, we receive the commitment of the ninteen other nations which comprise all the great economic powers of the non-Communist world except for Japan. Japan is now a mem- ber of the Development Assistance Group dealing with the underdeveloped countries and may join the OECD. In return for our commitment to consult with them, we get the right to be consulted by them. This is a valuable right as has oeen shown by the still uncompleted negotiations with West Germany, as will be shown by the forthcoming discussions about the trade .oli- cies of the Common Market countries and the nations of the European Free Trade Area. IT IS HIGHLY significant that this treaty was negotiated and signed by the Eisen- hower administration, and that it is being ratified under the Kennedy administration. This shows that before the change of Admin- istration the need which the treaty meets had become clear to President Eisenhower, Mr. Herter, and Mr. Dillon. It had become clear that with the phenomenal economic recovery of Western Europe, in which this country play-, ed an historic part, our relations with Western Europe were grately altered. At the time of the Marshall Plan in 1948 the relations between West Europe and the U. S. A. were those of beneficiary and patron, -'pro- tected and protector. With European recovery, though we are still the' biggest economic power, the relationship is mutual as between equals. Instead of the patron and the protec- tor, we are the partner, and to conserve and promote our interest, we need to have recog- Snized, as this treaty does, our right to partici- pate in the discussions, to be consulted, to be fully informed, and to be listened to in the field of high international economic policy. In the time of the Marshall Plan we had the LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Students Behave Like Children To the Editor: MISS DOW'S explanation of the supposed "sterility" of An- thropology 31 (,LectureCourses Sterile, March 8, 1961) seems, to me to be more indicative of the real problem than she realizes. Her attitude of uncompromising criticism is the real problem in the course and many other "re- quired courses" like it. If, as Miss Dow states, the lec- turer was "an expert research man in the field" but "incapable: of communicating with many begin- ning students," just what did those students do to make up for that fault and derive what benefit the course and the lecturer did have to offer? ** * VERY LITTLE. Last semester students talked and shuffled like kindergarten children before re- cess all through each lecture. They could not have heard what the lecturer was saying, let alone at- tempt to understand it. But what I consider the most gauche and most distressing was the hissing and booing which the lecturer re- ceived each time he came before the group. Students grumbled and criticized, hissed and muttered every time the lecturer announced a quiz or tried to explain difficult material.' Couldn't communicate? The students gave him no chance. He was kept uneasy and unsure of the group all semester. As for the teaching fellows' problems in explaining the mater- ial, often this was not the fault of the lecturer. Many of the in- itrtnvrc ,shared andenconira centratioi, I must side with an- other lecturer, included in Miss Dow's blanket accusations of var- ious departments, when he said: "I understand from today's Daily, that some of you don't belong in' this lecture. I will agree; some of you don't belong in this ,Univer- sity." --Patricia Wilson, '64 Right*... To the Editor: BEFORE THE ISSUE of Mr. Harrison's ejection from the Union becomes completely mud- dled, I should like to raise a seri- ous moral consideration which it involves. ' Let us;grant that the Union has the right to eject any non-mem- ber. Does it follow from the fact that the Union has this right that the Union is always justified in exercising it? Suppose that I have the right to lend money to whom- ever I please. Am I always justi- fied in exercising this right. Would I be justified in ,lending money to someone that I knew was going to buy a gun to kill somebody? Would I be justified in lending money to someone that I knew was going to gamble or drinkit away in spite of the fact that his family was in serious f i- nancial difficulty? It is true that I always have the right to lend money to whomever I please, but it is not true that I am always justified in exercising this right. Suppose I have the right to go 65 on the expressway. Am' I always iJutified in exercising this right? Union is always justified in exer- cising this right. Thus, the real issue is not whether- the Union had the right to eject Mr. Harri- son, but whether it was, justified in exercising this right. What would count as justification here would be the ejection of all non- members, or the ejection of any non-member whose conduct does not meet some well defined and publically advertised standard. In other words, if the Union's ejec- tion of 'Mr. Harrison-or anyone else-is to be morally justifiable and not just caprice or harrass- ment, then the Union must pre- sent us with a reasonable criter- tions under which it will exercise its right to eject a non-member. --Morris Starsky, MuchAdo ... . To the Editor: WHAT IS ALL the fuss over "Operation Abolition?" The movie is really ridiculously fun- - ny. By all means let it be shown. Its very pig-headedness condemns its own viewpoint. The cross-examination scenes are the most hilarious part. The poor bewildered witness is deter- mined to hold onto his dignity and control his righteous indignation, but the perfect straight-facedness with which the Committee levels its wild, Wonderland charges at him completely unnerves him. He keeps trying to read a carefully prepared statement in his own de- setting, with the same board, the same cards, but the rules are al- together different. * * THE CARDINAL rule is: The deck shall always be stacked in favor of the Committee: Rule Two: The Person Investigated (not to be confused with the old game's Defendant) shall not be allowed to protest the stacking of the deck, under penalty of the addition of more cards to the deck. The number of additional cards shall be determined by the Committee. Rule 'Three: In order to exercise the ingenuity of the Committee, it is permitted the Committee to make up rules as it goes along. How to Play: The Committee, whose powers shall be defined as double the sum of the powers of thenmembers, shall choose someone 'not on the Com- mittee to be It, the. Person Inves- tigated, by the time-honored method of counting, "One, two, three." After "Three," the last per- son to say "Not It!" is It. Then whoever is It must sit in a public place and prepare to receive the slings and arrows of the outraged Public. Object of the Game: The Committee must hurl accusations at It as quickly as possible, the more fantastic the charges the better. Both the Committee and It must try to keep a straight face. Whoever breaks first, loses, and points are totaled for the other side. (Rule Four: The Committee always wins, since it is notoriously "Not It!!" Sa; w