Seventy-Third Year EDrED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERsrrY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS "Where Opinions ATOre "STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG., ANN ARBOR, MIca., PHONE NO 2-3241 Truth Will Prevail" Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. Thh must be noted in all reprints. NEW YORK NEWSPAPER STRIKE: Industry, Unions Due for an Awakening )AY, FEBRUARY 1, 1963 NIGHT EDITOR: PHILIP SUTIN The Regents and The Ban: Where Does Autonomy End? [HE REGENTS of the University of Michi- gan, guardians of the people's interest in his instittition of higher education, have just pproved a new bylaw limiting the kind of peeches which may be given before public neetings of recognized student organizations. They approved the policy as offered by the dministration by a 6-2 vote, shattering a Re- ental tradition. In the past, the members of he University's top governing board have een asked to swallow their differences in pub- ic and vote along with the majority, working or compromises at the Regents' informal ses- situation looks like this: a: mittee proposes a certain dorsed by the administr committee of the faculty proval as does a majority ernment. Clearly it is a p by the University's major NOW IT COMES to th approval. If they dec: not restrictive enough an ing the right to speak, raised. The protest is on t 1) An act has been per The split vote-which found Regents Mur- the University experience phy and Sorenson 'championing the cause of a because it means restricte more open forum-is a cause for celebration Regents have acted again and for deep concern. tion. It is encouraging to learn that the Regents 2) Protest is also, mad are involved enough in University issues to Regents have violated t find that they have disagreements and that University and imposed t they have enough fortitude to voice a dissent munity. from a policy which they cannot personally The dilemma occurs wi endorse. gents hold the policy to b want to liberalize it furt THE SPLIT VOTE raises, however, a serious student body or adminis question which must be answered in a sys- prudent. This is the cas tematic and coherent manner if members of Regents who opposed the the community are to participate in the selec- when it came to a vote tw tion of Regents and if the Regents are to con- Does the member of1 tinue to participate in the affairs of the Uni- munity hail a Regental d versity. policy and liberalize it o The problem centers around the concept of criticism? On the one ha autonomy: how free should the University be acted in this particular c from the society which provides its financial the interchange of ideas support and resources? The University is guar- opinions and, thus, have8 anteed constitutional autonomy from the state process. Legislature; the men in Lansing cannot tell University officials how to spend their money, ON THE OTHER HAND select their faculties or determine their cur- mediate consequences ricula. violated the autonomy of1 The people of the state of Michigan have forcing their own judgme created a university in Ann Arbor and allow object, it would seem, eve themselves to be taxed annually to keep it run- way the decision finally ning. They have some right to determine the satisfying and conducivet nature of this university and what it will offer For the Regent the p to the citzlens of the state. They exercise their acute. If he supports the will through eight elected representatives who by refusing to veto the n sit on the Board of Regents. The problem which must then endorse a pol a 6-2 vote on the speaker bylaw poses is how own principles and strikes autonomous the University itself (the adminis- basic freedom of our soci tration, faculty and students) should be from If he follows his prin its Regents. promise his belief in aut War case rnnunder discusser THE REGENTS have traditionally served more ancseneracusi as guardians of the public interest than as and orofaced the innovators of change for the University. The ity and their "nay" votes school of autonomists holds that the policies poiny which ras passed. of a university should be made by the adminis- the majority, should they tration and faculty with some degree of parti-way? cipation by the students. A lay governing board, not well versed in educational philosophy or EGENTS MURPHY a: experienced in matters of operating a univer- R did the right thing. T sity, can best serve as a board in review making . sure that the policy decisions will not plummet of a university is not w the University to its ruin and giving the educa- the free pursuit and exa tional administrator a broader perspective by vote to restrict freedom o providing insights from the view of the suc- an extent that no amou cessful businessman with professional and poll- redeem it tical contacts across the state.e The general principle, then, is that the Re - But are there still othe gents follow a policy of noninterference in the ity more important t daily life of the University and having ascer- operation? Under what tained that a particular policy proposal raised Regents refuse to pass a by the administration (speaking for the faculty backing of the rest of the and perhaps the students) is a reasonable one, Those students, profes ratify it. A Regent is supposed to decide, "My tons who concern them duty is to guarantee that the University of University is governedr Michigan is as fine a university as possible. To position on this problem achieve this goal, I believe that the University Regents Power and Thurb must be self-regulating. Therefore, I will sup- mated as candidates tc port the proposals and recommendations when the Democrats me brought to the board by the administration candidates who will car whether or not they happen to please me in must be prepared with a every detail." seek the citizen's vote in When applied to a University policy on out- -M side speakers and student organizations, the Ed pen' Editorial Pare faculty-student com- policy which is en- ation. The executive senate gives its ap- of the student gov- olicy which is desired constituent groups. he Regents for their ide that the policy is d modify it by limit- cries of protest are wo grounds: petrated which makes a less enriching one d access to ideas. The st the goals of educa- e simply because the he autonomy of the heir will on the com., hen (and if) the Re- be too restrictive and her than the faculty, trative officers think se with at least two e new speaker bylaw wo weeks ago. the University com- ecision to reverse the r does he register his nd, the Regents have ase so as to maximize and presentation of aided the educational , regardless of the im- s, the Regents have the University by en- nts upon it. One must n if he feels that the y went is personally to a better university. roblem is even more concept of autonomy ew speaker bylaw, he icy which violates his s out against the most ety. ciples, he must com- onomy. In the partic- on, Regents Murphy problem on slightly hey were in a minor- would not affect the But had they been in have acted the same rd Sorenson probably he underlying concept ho runs it, but rather mination of ideas. To of speech is to under- he University to such it of "autonomy" can r aspects of a Univer- an its autonomy of conditions would the policy which has the University? sors and administra- selves with how the need to clarify their n. More importantly, ber, who will be nom- o succeed themselves et tomorrow, and the rry the GOP banner n answer before they the April election. ICHAEL OLINICK ditor By PHILIP SUTIN THENEARLY two month-long New York newspaper strike focuses attention on a number of major problems facing American newspapers. Whatever solutions are found to the problems of auto- mation, featherbedding, the cost squeeze and competing unions that underly the long, bitter work stoppage, it will have wide impact throughout the nation. Though little discussed, auto- mation is the basic issue of the strike. The galloping nationwide trend of replacing skilled and semi-skilled workers with ma- chines has finally reached the newspaper industry and portends major changes which may threat- en the unions' existence. Today's daily newspaper is pro- duced in essentially the same man- ner it was in 1890. Few techno- logical changes have been made in the comparatively slow, costly operation. Linotypes set the type which is locked in forms. A paper- mache mat is pressed and from this mold a lead page is cast. This page is placed in a rotary press' producing several thousand papers an hour. The only major technological in- novation in the average paper is the Fairchild electronic scanning process for transforming pictures into a pattern of dots suitable for catching ink and printing. An electronic eye transforms light and dark portions into dots which are burnt into plastic. This has re- placed the zinc-etching processrin some newspapers, but many still prefer the older process. * * * IN ADDITION to technological stagnation, featherbedding and over-organization by the unions have hurt the newspaper industry. Every step in the printing process -from the linotypist who sets the copy to the mailer who takes the finished paper off the press-is manned by a different union jealously guarding the jobs of its members. Although there is a good deal of coordination among news- paper craft unions, the publisher is faced with six to 10 different unions, any one , of which could shut down the ,entire operation. However, in recent years, coor- dination and discipline have brok- en down and many papers have been plagued by wildcat strikes. The element of inter-union rivalry is hindering New York newspaper strike settlement. Ber- tram Powers, president of the in- fluential striking International Typographical, Union New York local, the "Big Six,"is struggling to make a name for himself and his union. The ITU has an in- stitutionalized two-party system competing for union control. By reaching an advantageous settle- ment, Powers hopes to gain ITU power. As the Reporter Magazine recently noted, the contract is the platform from which he runs. Further, Powers hopes to make the ITU the pace-setter among printing trade unions. Currently, this honor belongs to the News- paper Guild-the reporters union. As its contract expires first, Guild pacts set the pace in wages and fringe benefits. The other unions are then whipped into line. The aggressive Powers wants to have the ITU contract expire on the same October date as the Guild's, capturing at least a share of the pre-eminent position. * * * THE ITU also insists on feather- bedding, having a quilted cushion second only to the railroad unions. For the past 70 years, the stan- dard ITU contract calls for the automatic resetting of any ad- vertisement set, cast or engraved in another shop. The ad is not always reset. Rather, the shop is obliged to create extra work or hire extra linotypists as an equiv- alent. Caught in a cost squeeze due to declining advertising revenue and static circulation impinging on increasing publications costs, the New York publishers cannot afford to let featherbedding con- ditions continue. Nor can they ig- nore cost - saving technological change. Collectively, the seven daily newspapers are losing money with only the' Times and Daily News securely in the black. Even with a favorable settlement, the chances of one or possibly two of the papers folding shortly the strike, are great. * * * VARIOUS technological, cost- saving changes are now available or are being researched. Tele- typesetting, available for the last 30 years, is gaining in popularity. This process eliminates linotypists as the wire services provide a punched tape to be fed into a linotype machine which then sets the justified lines. Recently, the Associated Press abandoned its national sports wire in favor of a national teletypesetter sports wire. In an ominous warning to the striking linotypists, the Los An- geles Times-the traditional non- union bastion of the newspaper industry-announced a type-set- ting system that does away with all operators except one or two to set correction lines. The reporter writes his story on an electric typewriter which punches a perforated tape. The typewritten version of the story is edited by a copy editor who punches a correction tape which is spliced with the original. A computer, compiling the two tapes and justifying the lines including. the proper breaking of words, punches out another tape which The Press r r 6 ' is fed into a linotype. The copy is set at about three times the speed of a human operator. The new system, while costly to set up, can substantially reduce labor costs, speed newspaper pro- duction and make possible an in- crease in newspaper size. It would, however, take a heavy toll of lino- typists and, if widespread, make that skilled trade assobsoletetas blacksmithing. This is what the ITU fears, yet it has not come up with any alternative approach to the necessary automation. * * * YET THERE ARE cold type systems of printing that are even cheaper and could eliminate most of the current newspaper skilled 'THE CASTAWAYS': Frolic on the High Seas NEEDLESS TO SAY, Maurice Chevalier, Hayley Mills, Mauri tribesmen and the clipper ships make an odd combination, but Walt Disney fearlessly lumps them all together into one film, with a dash of song and philosophy, and behold-we have a beguiling blend which bears a faint re- semblence to a Jules Verne novel. "In Search of The Castaways" was adopted for the screen from Verne's "Captain Grant's Child- ren" and the result is high ad- venture treatedsquite lightly. Un- like otherVerne films ("Journey to the Center of the Earth," "Five Weeks in a Balloon"), the "Castaways" is quite reassuring. Nothing bad could happen to the likes of M. Chevalier or Hayley Mills. Disney, as usual, makes good use of Technicolor and breathtaking scenery to compensate for what his films more often than not lack in plot. * * * PROF. Jacques Paganel (Che- valier) and Captain Grant's child- ren (Miss Mills and Keith Ham- shere) seek to persuade a British shipping magnate (Sir Wilfred Hyde White) to set sail for the Pacific, in search of Captain Grant who has vanished into part un- known. Paganel it seems has come upon a note in a bottle which appears to be from Grant, and the child- ren are anxious to search for their father. * * * OFF TROUPES the little band, first high into the Andes on a false alarm ("Ah'm 'tupid,'' la- ments geographer Chevalier), where a marvelous earthquake ("C'est magnifique," Chevalier ex- claims) drops the party into a hair-raising toboggan ride On the way, however, our heroic searchers get tangled up with the perfect villan (George Sanders), who seems to be more interested in gun-running than rescues, and they soon find themselves set adrift off the New Zealand coast, with their only prospect being cap- ture by the warlike Mauri tribes on shore (who also get the guns incidentally). BUT ALL'S WELL that ends well,- after a flight shielded by an erupting volcano and a really rousing shipboard donnybrook, and Captain Grant, who has been reluctantly aiding the gun-run- ners, is freed. As adventures go, this one is perhaps a bit happy-go-lucky, but it is fun nevertheless. Maurice Chevalier pervades the whole af- fair, naturally, skillfully twisting his inimitable singing among the sequences of high adventure. Even Miss Mills, who isn't really a singer as far as that goes, slips into the familiar Chevalier style, * * * Also expert in his own little way is Keith Hamshere, who promises to be every bit the delightful per- former that made such youngs ers as Jackie Cooper famous. The film exudes the Disney touch, which hasn't been exactly unsuccessful of course, and the viewer might as well resign him- self to that. But in the process he will discover a refreshing hour and a half, which should mnake up for whatever else "The Castaways" might be lacking. -Michael Harrah trades. Offset is the most familiar of these, but there are even more advanced photograhpic reproduc- tion techniques available. News- paper publishers have been cool to converting to these methods for it would mean abandoning mil- lions of dollars worth of invest- ment in linotypes, lead pots and printing presses. To date, these methods are un- popularand their full potential has not been fully realized. Had the New York publishers carried out their threat to use these pro- cesses, these methods would have, been given a substantial boost. The threat of these competing techniques still hangs over the printing trade unions. Their cheapness of operation is attrac- tive to a publisher caught in a cost squeeze. If a fast process com- bining electronic typesetting with photographic reproduction is de- veloped, the printing trades will be all but finished. Publishers can then economically abandon their current, slow and somewhat ob- solete equipment and leave their workers and the proliferation (f unions in the cold. * * * THE STRIKE has had ramifica- tions that extend beyond the newspaper industry and into the competing media. By causing a dislocation in the news and pub- licity channels of New York, the strike has forced tie expansion of alternative media and has given them the chance to enhance their position against the newspaper. So far, the other media have fail- ed to meet the challenge. They have expanded under pressure, but have limited themselves to stop- gap measures. Radio and tele- vision have found that currently they cannot present all news the public demands of a newspaper. The other printed media-such as magazines-are too limited in scope to replace the seven high- curculation newspapers. However, old myths are being tested and questions have been raised about the efficacy of news- papers and the other media. It is a time for creative innovation. Tf the strike continues indefinitely, the alternative media will be forc- ed into expanded development and new techniques that will threaten the newspapers once they return. The strike has been a boon to suburban newspapers. Always un- der the shadow of the metro- politan dailies, these newspapers stand alone and have won many new and permanent readers. They have always provided the . local news the bigger newspapers can- not handle, given local advertisers the space it would be impractical to buy in a big metropolitan paper and add enough wire service copy to keep the community informed and the paper filled. Many subur- banites subscribe to both a metro- politan and a local paper. The strike emphasizes the value of the latter and permanently cuts into the circulation of the former. * * * SUCH IS the larger context of the New York newspaper strike. In the midst of their narrow battle, both sides fail to see they are sowing the seeds of their own destruction. Metropolitan news- papers are atrophying at a rapid rate and have thus far been un- willing or unable to meet the challenges of the other media. Their failure to provide adequate information quickly has forced many readers to abandon them for speed of radio and televisioh and the depth of the news and comment magazines. Meanwhile, production costs are rising, being pressured up by an- tique techniques and jealous un- ions. These factors complicate the newspapers' battle for survival. While circulation edges up slightly, the number of newspapers remains static at approximately 1750. Pressed by production costs and competing media, newspapers are due for change. The current bat- tling between publishers and un- ions to maintain' the status quo only forestalls necessary innova- tion and makes the needed re- visions more difficult. The longer they feud, the more disasterous the implications of the needed in- novations become. It's time that. the newspaper industry and unions wake up. IF YOU ARE NEW to the campus, this issue of The Daily is probably your introduction to one of the best and most controversial student publications in the country. During the time you are a baily reader, you will find in these columns opinions on a varie- ty of subjects ranging from the broadest philosophical questions to the most minute campus issues. You will probably agree heart- ily with some of these opinions and find some others outrageous and insolent. But you will never find any article on the editorial page which is not signed by the writer. Daily policy holds that the reader has a right to know at all times whose opinion he is reading. The Daily is one of the few newspapers in the country with a "signed editorial policy" and this policy is the foundation on which The Daily's tradition as a free newspaper is based, A SIGNED editorial policy means that The Daily, as a newspaper, never takes "a, stand" either on a particular issue or on a more fit Lihunt Rttlu general question. Every member of The Daily's staff is entitled to have his opinions published in the editorial columns as long as they are clearly and logically expressed and are not in violation of The Daily's code of ethics which prohibits the newspaper from taking a stand on elections to the Board of Regents. This is the only restriction on expression of opinion on this page, and most staff members hope to see it lifted in the near future. When a staff member writes an editorial, he submits it to the editorial director and asso- ciate editorial director who try to see that each writer understands the point he is making and is expressing it as well as he is able. Writers may be asked to modify their editor- ials if the editor feels they are poorly or vaguely written, but no piece of writing is ever. rejected because of its point of view, even when the senior editors disagree strongly with the writer. When two staff members disagree or are interested in different aspects of an issue, they may publish their opinions as a "pro-con" or "two-views" team. Frequently senior editors and sophomores or even freshman staff mem- bers are on opposing sides of a "pro-con." I FEIFFER IR UARC At qOViR FA5lRflZCALL6P AT 3:00 A1J WATED T2 KNJtIOW.( £fo(tau M~T C4lW0U AoeO . BourjXONT TfL HER1H6 toIou TV. FAITH fAIIt M AT 'A'!UA110) tAID 1F 4flh 411 CALL.VA t AMv. 06 0~q IF 1V VWO T CAULL W N 11:00 06 ILL KILL. H6RWUF. L.OUA CIWWL rq:30. 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