Err)AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS THms UNIEST FMCLIAINs aWbe?. Opinions Are Fre STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG., AwN ARBoR., Micir., P aoNE NO 2-3241 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. THURSDAY, MAY 9, 1963 NIGHT EDITOR: ELLEMN SILVERMAN ITALIAN ELECTIONS: Results E scape Ex planation STUDENTS FOOT THE BILL: Lack of Money H ampers A thietic Plant Expansion Migrnt Worker Plgh 'HE PLIGHT of the migrant workers is one *which Michigan must face in the near fu- ture-like it or not. Michigan, as a terminus point for one of the streams of migrants pick- Ing fruits and vegetables across the country, -must consider' the consequiences which hordes of people living in temporary housing on Mich- igan property bring. Michigan's fruit cr'op requires a large num- ber of pickers for a relatively short period of time. In order to harvest the crop at its best, -large numbers of workers must work in one area for a concentrated amount of time. Once one crop is finished, the migrants move on further up the peninsula to pick the next ripe crop. Each grower can either hire a crew himself through a representative in the southern-us- ually Texas--areas where the migrants make their summer home or -deal through a crew leader. The leader is most frequently a migrant made good who hires a crew, provides for its transportation along a route specified by the crop harvests and charges the growers for pro- viding thie labor. ALTHOUGH OF THE SAME origin as the mi- grants, the crew leader often feels no com- mon ties with them. Too often he exploits both migrants and growers. Many growers are not cognizant of this fact or prefer to ignore it. S OUTH AFRICA s increasng it oppression of the majority of its residents as the apart- heid-minided white minority piles one restrictive law upon another. The latest law, designed to crush any dis- sent against its rigid segregation policies, is the General Law Amendmient Act. This innocuous- by-named statute adds new categories of trea- son and deprives its suspected violators of any civil rights. A South African cannot testify before a United Nations committee. He can be tried for his life without preliminary examina- tion. His mail can bie freely opened by the post office. If a political prisoner, he can be kept Incommunicado for three months. By themselves, these laws make South Africa one of the most fearsome places in the world to live. Combined with existing statutes, these new laws mean that the non-white South Afri- can lives at the command of his white over- THE NON-WHiTE must live in special reser- vations, carry a pass at all times and may be arbitrarily banished from public life. Whites, too, are subject to most of this harsh legisla- tion but race-kinship mitigates its biting edge. For the Negro there gis no hope. He is doomed to a shanty hovel and the intense fears of his white neighbors. The mixed-blood coloreds far a little better but they too are heavily restricted. Furthermore, the Negroes have no permanent stake in South Africa. The government plans totally to separate them into subject, backward states. While the Negroes will have a semblance of tribal self-government, they will in reality be controlled by whites in Johannesburg. They will have no righets at all in the white area where it is most likely they will be forced to work. So the racist South African regime adds more restrictive legislation. Yet it may be sealing its own doom for it leaves no room for accommo- dation between the races. Thirty per cent of the n5eople cannot subjugate the other 70 per cent forever especially when the rest of Africa is opposed. PHILIP SUTIN Acting National Concerns Edltor WONDERPUL. BUT RARE is the teacher who considers how a student answers a question rather than if he gives the intended answers. Many times a student answers an examina- tion question with clear insight. Unfortunately, he may not be clairvoyant enough to interpret the question exactly the way the professor did. Some narrow-minded teachers grade a student who misinterprets a question's intent the same way they grade a student who does not even attempt to answer the question: no credit. These teachers are stifling original thinking by not deeming it worthwhile enough to con- sider. However, some of the more liberal grad- ers grant partial credit for a wrong but per- ceptive answer. A well-prepared student who interprets a question wrong but gives a complete, compre-. hensive answer to his own interpretation should receive full credit. On second thought, maybe he should receive extra credit for As a result, migrants are paid through the crew leader who pockets a much higher per- centage of the take than would be deemed nor- mal in any other business situation. Some growers pay the migrants directly to offset this evil but much more needs to be done. States ought to take it upon themselves to legislate again~st these evils. So far only New Jersey has made any sort of effort. Michigan should follow suit. Because migrants are not residents of the states in which they work, they are often un- able to receive local, state or federal assistance in times of emergency. Similarly, the migrant children usually do not go to school steadily, if at all. THE SITUATION of the migrant both on and off the road is despicable. Poor housing, substandard sanitation facilities and separation from the local community result in an isolated community of migrants. The local areas, which fee no responsibility for the welfare of the migrants, and the grower, who often feels even less responsibility, have yet to accept their proper role. Just as the large production corporations deal with labor unions to the mutual benefit of both, migrants must be helped to gain an opportunity to improve themselves. The com- munities in which the migrants work and the growers for whom they work must share in the effort. In the end the results benefit all three-- althoughi up to this point none of the groups has realized this. If the living standards of the mnigrants are sufficiently raised they will, ob- viously, benefit. This, in turn, will stimulate the growth of thie economies in which they are placed as well as remove a blight which exists. pRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY'S new Na- tional Service Corps legislation provides for workers to set up migrant camps in the South- ern states. Here, federal workers under the corps legislation would begin to educate mi-. grants in both academic subjects and the basic elements of life. Among other things, these camps would teach child care, family budgeting and laws pertaining to migrants which now are not enforced due to the migrants' Ignorance of them. Recommendations from many sources have been to allow the workers to travel with the migrants on their yearly trek. But this is not possible since the migrants live; on a grower's thrfderal worker access to his land.l dny Michligan grower's, when surveyed by a fed- eral commission studying the National Service Corps and the migrants, indicated that they would be willing to allow workers on their land. Whether or not this means that they will be pleased when workers teach migrants about minimum wage laws, which Michigan does not have in the agricultural field, or child labor laws, which are often neglected, is another matter.- MICHIGAN PRODUCERS have shown, how- ever, that they are willing to help improve the condition of the migrant-even at a little added cost to them. This is essential to the fight against the dire poverty in which these people live. It is essential if; the blight of sub- standard living is to be removed from the American scene. It is commendable that Michigan growers have joined in a beginning attempt to improve the conditions of other men. All that can be hoped now is that they stay firm in their ini- tial convictions and sincerely work with the federal workers. More growers should soon follow the lead that Michigan growers have set. --ELLEN SILVERMAN The student must not be allowed to get away with dodging a question he cannot answer by giving an irrelevant answer. But it seems that teachers might consider if the student's inter- pretation was reasonable. Too often when the student approaches the teacher explaining why he thought and answered as he did, the grader will say, "Well, this is what I wanted" and dis- miss the student. The fact that only one student in a class of 50 has misinterpreted the question should not be a factor in determining whether the stu- dent's interpretation was reasonable. It is feas- ible that original thinkers comprise a small percentage of the population. OBVIOUSLY, many students major in fields in which they are doing well. When they do not earn good grades in a subject, they are discouraged from specializing in it. Some crea- tive thinkers who would be exceptional workers in certain fields are being driven from them because they are not earning the good grades they deserve. Other teachers, open-minded enough to consider the student's point of view, are attracting qualified people by showing that they appreciate them. . When a student enters a field, it is more im- portant that he know and understand his ma- By GLORIA BOWLES Acting Magazine Editor ACOUNTRY of contrasts and contradictions, 'which produced a Mussolini and a Michaelangelo and goes on producing vino and come up with a series of elections rsuwhich escapes concrete It has been almost three weeks since the Italians campaigned wildly in Rome, Florence, Venice and the other large cities, and more quietly in the outlying poor agricultural villages. It will prob- ably take as many weeks to, come up with a meaningful anialysis of the ambiguous tallies which saw Premier Amintore Fanfani's Chris- tian Democrats suffer considerable losses. At the same time, the Commun- ists increased their strength, mov- ing from 22.'7 per cent of the total vote in 1958 to 25.8 per cent in hiselectin a rlt whic western democracies and could spell difficulty for the Common Market and the NATO alliance. * * * THE- LIBERALS, the Italian "rightist" party supported by busi- nessmen and landowners, showed the largest electoral gains. The liberals took 7.0 per cent of the vote as compared to 3.5 in 1958. The existence of only one party on the right dates back to an anti- fascist reaction which followed Mussolini's regime. Communist gains In the elec.- tion were unexpected and have been the subject of much analysis. The Communist gain is closely tied to the losses of other non- Communist parties on the left and to the general plight of left- ist parties in a multi-party parlia- mentary system. Italy has five influential parties: from right to left they are the Liberals, the Christian Democrats,. the Republicans, the Democratic Socialists and Pietro Nenni's left- wing Socialists. hTHE SOCIALISTS emerged from sion to follow the democratic, non- revolutionary anti-private industry path, and left the Moscow-oriented Communists behind. Immediately following World War II, however, the Left-Wing Socialists joined in an alliance with the Communists. Intra-party disagreements broke out and a third leftist party, the Democratic Socialists, was founded. Socialist fragmentation has been a recur- ring problem in Italy and aided Mussolini's cause in 1922. However, again persuaded of the advisability of a break with the strict Marxist line, the left-wing socialists re- cently withdrew from the Com- munist aliace. Te pat hope it wold attact votes away from Italy's third strongest party (after the Christian Democrats and the Communists), the Left Wing Socialists, has been essen- tial to the government coalition which has kept Fanfani in power. * * * THE "APERTUJRA," or opening to the left, effected by the Chris- tian Democrats was up for a test in this election Fanfani's goen ment was composed of hs own Catholic-oriented party, the Demo- cratic Socialists and a party with a more narrow base of support, the Republicans. * This center-left government was a Fanfani brainchild, introduiced at the Christian Democratic con- gress in Naples at the end of January, 1962. The coalition was able to muster enough support in the two-chamber Italian parlia- men with onl the agreem ent sto by the left-wing socialists. Fanfani hoped the April elec- tions would win him a vote of confidence from the Italian people on this opening to the left which would give him a parliamentary majority but exclude the Com- munists. But it was the Communists and the right-wing liberals who showed may igreat part be explained by the increasing economic prosperity and political activity of the busi- nessmen, who are concerned about the high degree of nationaliza- tion in Italian industry. ON FIRST VIEW, the Commun- ist vote appears surprising. Italy is the only European nation en- has been giving sch support to the Communists. But Italian pros- perity is only relative: the nation is far behind Germany, France and England. Wealth is coming to a few, particularly those in the big cities. Rural districts still know the most appalling poverty; the residents of the South are its most economic prosperity is not the unfortunate victims. Also, one must consider that economic prosperity is not the only measure of happiness. Italian society is highly mobile; whole families uproot themselves from poor farms to go off to the pros- perous big city. They may have more money in their pockets but they may also be harboring much which makes a society modern, it is not surprising that extremist elements arise, particularly in the northern industrial cities. Results of this election, then, do not necessarily signal a continuing and persistent rise in the strength SAnother powerfu political force in Italy, the Roman Catholic Church, outwardly gives its sup- port to the Christian Democrats. A Communist vote in a Catholic nation seems to be another purely Italian contradiction. Some ana- lysts point to the improved re- lations between the Vatican and the Kremlin to explain Commun- ist party gains. During the cam- paign the Communists cited Pope John XXIII's audience with Aleksi Soviet Premier Nth S. Khrush-f chev. They also praised the Pope's peace encyclical and noted the change in attitude since 1948, when the church threatened to excommunicate Communist fol- lowers. Vatican's current atempt, hatrap prochement with the Kremlin has had a greater effect on the clergy than on its congregation. * * * THERE IS another factor In the Fanfani defeat. The Christian Democrats have been in power since 1946, and disenchantment dsire for archnge aore inevitable facts of political life. In the final analysis, one can do little more than speculate and also wait with regard to these two day elections in Italy. Fan- fani must make the first move, deciding on either a coalition lean- ing to the right and a commit- ment to private industry or one to the left and a commitment to continued nationalization. The summer will also see a scnd move when Pietro Nenn' in convention to decide on the direction its alliances will take. These ambiguous factors in the Italian situation make concrete conclusions about the election trends difficult. Outsiders can only theItalians repudiate or supot ed the wider opening to the left. AT CINEMA GUILD: Its Holia wihJd A MILLIONNAIRE j un k m an arrives in Washington, D.C., to bribe a weak-willed congress- man into assisting passage of a bill. He brings with him a brilliant and alcoholic lawyer, a shrimp- sized yesman and a beautiful blonde. Determined not to be em- barrassed by his fiancee of eight years, the hood hires a free lance journalist to tutor and "teach her the ropes." Thus runs the perverted Pyg- LETTERS -~ to the EDITOR To the Editor: THE UNIVERSITY Socialist Club estands with the Bloomington, Socials Alliance in it erightunto function as an Indiana University recognized organization without harrassment and intimidation. Furthermore, the University So- cialist Club urges that student and faculty at the Univestyad t the prts over Monroey County Prosecutor Thomas Hoadley'sn at tempt to try three members of YSA under the unconstitutional 1951 Zndliana ansti-Communist Act. We view his maneuverings as and stife dissent ad to etabis an atmosphere conducive to the re-emergence of McCarthyism. The Bloomington Defense Com- mittee, which was formed Feb. 20 in response to Hoadley's assault on civil liberties, is calling on students everywhere to rally pro- test against the Hoadley attack and to send letters of support for the YSA's rights. All faculty, stu- dent organizations, other mem- bers of the academic community and concerned individuals are ask- ed to do likewise. Letters should be sent to the Bloomington De- fense Committee, P.O. Box 625, Bloomington, Indiana; Indiana Daily Student, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; and Prose- cutr Toma oaey, 11 ot Walnut, Bloomington, Indiana-. --The University Socialist Club malion plot of "Born Yesterday": the transformation from stupid broad to perceptive young lady, just another one in a long line of Liza Doolittles. Only one factor alters this: Judy Holliday. As Billie, the ex-chorus girl, Miss Holliday is as funny and warmly wonderful as she can be. She has created a character all hers. * * HARRY BROCK,, the big time junkman, is played with remark- able skill by that cold, gruff, Highway Patrolman Broderick Crawford. Yelling, blustering and generally o r de ri n g everyone around, he is better, much better, sading"Jouraist.Easiy t h e weakest point in the mnovie, Hold- en provides "Born Yesterday" with a message. He is the man who won't be corrupted. All of - which leads us to the main point: "Born Yesterday" is far fromn the funniest movie ever made. As a comedy it fails to be amusing. As drama it fails to be either convincing or interesting. .As a vehicle for a great star It is perfect. The now famous Gin Rummy Game is as hilarious as one can hope for as are mhost of the scenes with Miss Holliday. The rest of the movie isn't. Glaring moral tags are inserted, trite stereotypes of the Big Hood - Dmb Broad are provide andl made are rampant. THIS ONLY serves to heighten the remarkable fhct that the film is considered a classic, a fact only explicable when you have seen the brilliant performance of Miss Holliday. She's great. What else can you say? With a high pitched nasal voice that belies the Bronx Cheer, underlying everything she says, Judy makes the idea of "the dumb blonde who isn't" all hers. Every line, every movement, every piercing glance from those in- nocent but questioning eyes helps create the character of Billie that has become legendary. So go ahead and see it, get sentimental; after all, as Billie says, "It's a free country." -Hugh Holland (EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the fonrth of a series of articles analyz- th niversity's athltic plat.mof By WILLIS C. BULLARD, JR. rfHE MAJOR PROBLEM in ath- letic plant expansion is money. During the early 1950's, the Board in Control of Intercollegiate Athletics was able to pay cash (through football receipts) for the men's varsity swimming pool, the women's pool, baseball stands, an addition to the football stadium and a new press box, and an athletic administration building. At this time the athletic de- partment budget was entirely self- sufficient, Profits from football paid for most of the operating expenses and money was left over to use for necessary plant ex- pansion'. Fotbl nt onl1y supported the also some costs of the intramural and physical education programs. For example, the entire salaries of all coaches were paid by the athletic department. When some coaches spend part of their time teaching physical e duc ation classes, the tab is picked up by the athletic department and is not pbart of the general fund budget of the University. *b * * MAINTENANCE COSTS of some buildings used for intramral or physical education purposes are paid by the athletic department. The cost of these activities are estimated to be almost $100,000 a year. Durinig the early 1950's, the athletic budget was able to carry this burden. But with the advent 'of generally rising costs and the scholastic aid program, a situation developed in which the athletic department was barely in the black each year. Several years ago it became ap- parent that a new field house and a new hockey arena would be Comittee*as formed bythe board to investigate the type of a structure that would be needed for each use and posible ways to finance them. Tihe committee, chaired by Chi- cago alumnus Frank Mackey cam~e up with the idea of a multi- purpose building, like the Assembly Hall in Champaign, Ill, or Cobo Hall in Detroit. / At THE November, 1961 meeting of the board, $25,QOO was appro- priated for expenses involved in planning the details of the multi- purpose building. Other prelimin- ary steps were taken such as es- tablishing contact with the Uni- versity Planning Committee and the Campus Planning and Devel- opment Commnittee of the Senate Advisory Committee on University Affairs. definite hplans t build a mt i- purpose building was still money. With all the board's regular in- come being used for operating ex- penditures, there seemed but three monetary sources: the University, alumni, and students.- The board did not ask the Uni- versity for money since it would have been highly improbable that the University would be able or willing to grant this request. The general fund budget was very tight due to a low approl'riation from the Legislature. '* * * THE ADVANTAGE of request- ing money from alumni was that alumni could best afford large contributions. But there was a fear on the part of many board members of the consequences of soliciting money from the alumni. It was believed that such an action would encourage unwanted alumni influence in athletic policy-mak- ing. Also, there was fear of pos- sible alumni recruiting violations which would damage athletics This left one source, the stu- dents. There were two major ways to get money from the students. One was to increase the amount of money given to the board from student tuition. The other was to charge students admission to athletic coiatests. The board decided on the first method. At the May, 1962 Re- gents' meeting, members of the Plant Expansion Committee asked for an increaser in thtue fes gie tion. The Regents rejected this method of raising funds with Re- gents Frederick C. Matthaei and Paul Goebel dissenting. * * * ONE REASON why the Regents teboard's ps fracthe multi purpose building were not specific enough, especially in the area of costs. There was also a feeling that the University could not af- ford to give the board a larger share of the tuition than it was getting. However, the Regents did' say that it was within the authority of the board to charge students ad- mission to athletic contests.. This source of revenue was not adopted at the time but last fall a start was made by charging students $1 each for costs involved in printing and distributing football tickets. TODAY AND TOMORROW: By WALTER LIPPMANN THE EVENTS IN Haiti illustrate how great has been the change during the past 30 years in our relations with. the Latin countries to the south of us. The Republic of Haiti has rarely been anything but a bloody tyranny, and in 1915 the United States landed the Marines and governed the country for the next 19 years. Now once again Haiti is seething with violence. But now, while in an extreme emergency we might have to go in once more to protect lives, we are bound by treaties with the. other ItI ' - - it American republics to avoid in- tervention and -to work through the Organizatibn of American States. The reason we signed the treat- ies which forbid us to intervene now is that all the American re- publics insisted upon It. They felt strongly that if the United States did not renounce unilateral inter- vention, their dignity as fully sov- ereign states was degrac~ed. We signed the treaties, and now we are learning in Cuba and in Haiti that it is not easy for 20 divergent republics to form a single, deci- sive and effective international policy. When we realized that our re- peated interventions in Haiti and elsewhere aroused the anger and resentment of the other American republics, we moved to join with them in creating the multilateral system which now exists. * * * THE SYSTEM does not work very well, and at bottom this is, I think, because there is missing the third leg of the stool, which is European presence and participa- tion in this hemisphere. The scan- did students of -hemispheric af- fair tel us that the Alliance for American feeling. If we ask our- selves why, the answer is, I think. that we are much too powerful and too rich to have a trusting relationship with countries that are so weak and so poor. We should not leave the Latin-Ameri- can countries in the position where, if they cannot get help but to turn toRussia.oatrntv If this is correct, then the right course is to encourage other friendly countries to take not only an economic, but also a cultural and political part in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere. Our solitary pre - eminence t 0 d a y should be reduced and diluted by the presence -of the European Economic Community, by Britain and Scandinavia and, of- course, by Spain and Portugal. * * * WE SHALL NOT, I think, be able to make orderly progress in this hemisphere as long as the fallacy of the north-south axis prevails. We should remind our- selves of the geography of the creativity. I IS NOT TO SA wrong answer shoul d receive consideration. ~g £irI~ 7~ ,.,.